World History

World History

Africa, India & the New British Empire,

1750-1870

Changes & Exchanges In Africa

Conflicts in grazing and farming lands led to new expansionist kingdoms such as the Zulus. Other nations formed as a protective measure.


New States emerged in West Africa too, through jihad, and led to the Sokoto Caliphate (1809-1906)

Sokoto & other Muslim states continued slave trade.


Muhammad Ali (1805-1848) & grandson Ismail modernized Egypt.

Financial problems led to European occupation.


Ethiopian kings recovered lost territories. After a brief brush with British forces & occupation, modernization programs continued.


1830 - France invades Algeria on a pretext of avenging an earlier insult. Muslim resistance united behind Abd al-Qadir.

Europeans settled by 1871.


Slave revolts led to prohibition of slave trading by Britain & U.S., but Cuba & Brazil continued demand for slaves.

Africans expanded other trade. New export – palm oil


Missionaries founded schools for the British re-captives in Sierra Leone

Black Americans brought western culture to Liberia


End of Atlantic slave trade shifted market to East Africa.

Secondary empires rose. Egyptian expansion moved

southward using slaves as it grew.

India Under Company Rule

British East India Company (early 1800s) forced Mughal empire to recognize Company rule. Controlled Bombay presidency.


Before 1850: relied on sepoy power,disarmed Indian warriors, free reign to missionariesestablished private land

ownership to ease taxes.


British created jobs in some sectors but contributed to the poor’s misery in others.

Caused the collapse of the traditional textile industry.


Sepoy Rebellion 1857 turning point in Indian history.

Queen Victoria proclaimed equal rights for all & freedom to practice religious & social customs.


Indian Civil Services ruled. After 1857, gov’t. expanded

production & export of agricultural commodities.

Gov’t. also built irrigation & sewage systems.


To regain control, Indians must reduce social & ethnic divisions

Rammouhan Roy & Brahmo Samaj movement tried to reconcile with western values to promote nationalism.


Indian National Congress -1885.

Argued for greater inclusion of Indians in Civil Service.

Britain’s Eastern Empire

Britain expands in S. Africa, S.E. Asia & S. Caribbean.

Cape Colony – supply station on the way to India.

Great Trek – French & Dutch (Afrikaners) moving out


Thomas Raffles – established port of Singapore 1824

Assam 1826; Burma 1852British interested in building

free trade network, not in acquiring new lands.


Colonies became exporters of raw materials & agricultural goods and importers of manufactured products.

Technological advances in shipbuilding.


Sighted by the Portuguese in early 17th century.

New Zealand surveyed by James Cook 1769 & 1778

Disease reduced population of Aborigines & Maori


Britain sent convicts to Australia, & after a gold rush in 1851, regular settlers.

Settlers came slowly to New Zealand until after 1860.


England turned power over to British settlers while Aborigines & Maori suffered discrimination.

Trade unions, availability of land & women can vote 1894.


1834-1870 Labor needs met by free Africans, Chinese, Japanese and Indians.

Indentured servants – work for passage, housing, & salary for a pre-set number of years.

Conclusion

What is most significant about this period is the European’s growing dominance of world commerce. These growing commercial exchanges could be mutually beneficial.

Conclusion

Balance of power was shifting in the Europeans’ favor between 1750 and 1870. But local “issues” still survived.

Conclusions

Some Asians & Africans were beginning to use European education, technology, & methods to transform their own societies & to challenge the West on its own terms.

World History

Documents

Transcript of World History