World Geography and Cultures...Some of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia’s most...
Transcript of World Geography and Cultures...Some of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia’s most...
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Figure 1
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Figure 3
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Section 1
In North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia, dramatic landforms can be found in a region dominated by deserts and mountains.
Landforms
• Earthquakes are common in this region.
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Figure 2
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Section 1
• Mountains:
– Atlas—Africa’s longest mountain range
– Hejaz and Asir
– Pontic and Taurus
– Ararat
– Caucasus
– Zagros
Landforms (cont.)
Landforms and Tectonic Activity
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Section 1
Landforms (cont.)
• Coastal Plains, Seas, and Peninsulas:
– The agriculture base is rooted in fertile plains along the Mediterranean Sea, Caspian Sea, and the Persian Gulf.
– Aral Sea
– Dead Sea
– Sinai Peninsula
– Peninsula of Anatolia
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Section 1
For thousands of years, people have depended on the region’s rivers and fertile river valleys, where early civilizations thrived.
Water Systems
• Major Rivers:
– Nile—the world’s longest river; one of the cradles of civilization
The Nile River
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Section 1
Water Systems (cont.)
– Tigris and Euphrates—the Tigris-Euphrates river valley was also a fertile area that supported early civilizations
• Streambeds:
– Many streams in arid North Africa and Southwest Asia flow only intermittently, and are susceptible to flash flooding.
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Section 1
Some of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia’s most abundant resources are important to the world economy.
Natural Resources
• Over 60% of the world’s known oil reserves lie beneath this region.
• About 50% of the world’s known natural gas reserves are there as well.
World Oil Reserves
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Section 1
Natural Resources (cont.)
• Minerals in the region:
– Sulfur, sulfate
– Phosphate
– Chromium, gold, lead, manganese, and zinc
– Iron ore, copper
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VS 1
A. Atlas Mountains
• Africa’s longest mountain range; reaches across Morocco and Algeria
• Northern slopes have Mediterranean climate and support farming
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VS 2
B. Aral Sea
• Was the world’s fourth-largest inland sea
• Began to dry up when the Soviet Union diverted water for irrigation
• Water levels increased slightly after dams were built, ensuring flow of freshwater
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VS 3
C. Anatolia
• Surrounded by the Black Sea, Aegean Sea, and Mediterranean Sea
• Together, the Dardanelles, the Sea of Marmara, and the Bosporus connect the Black and Aegean Seas.
• Taurus Mountains located along southern part of peninsula
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VS 4
D. Sahara
• World’s largest desert; covers most of North Africa
• Droughts have expanded the Sahara in recent decades
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E. Arabian Peninsula
• Surrounded by Red Sea, Arabian Sea, and Persian Gulf
• Oil and natural gas reserves in eastern part of peninsula
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F. Nile River
• World’s longest river
• Area is home to one of the world’s earliest civilizations
• More than 90 percent of Egypt’s population lives along the Nile Delta and Nile River on fertile land
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VS 7
G. Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
• Known as Mesopotamia, Greek for “land between two rivers”
• Irrigation has supported farming for 7,000 years
• Two rivers join in Iraq to form Shatt al Arab
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VS 8
H. Natural Resources
• Over 60 percent of the world’s known oil reserves are located in the region.
• Some countries are investing in agriculture and fisheries to decrease their dependence on oil and mineral exports.
• Countries with Mediterranean climates export citrus fruits, olives, and grapes.