The Enlightenment The Enlightenment 18 th Century Intellectual Movement.
World Class Education . Europe: The Enlightenment Elizabeth Hyde.
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Transcript of World Class Education . Europe: The Enlightenment Elizabeth Hyde.
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World Class Educationwww.kean.edu
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Europe: The Enlightenment
Elizabeth Hyde
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18th-century intellectual movement.
Based upon the belief that REASON could be used to improve society.
Practiced by “philosophes,” (French for philosopher).
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Immanuel Kant wrote in 1784:
“Enlightenment is man’s emergence from his self-imposed nonage. Nonage is the inability to use one’s own understanding without another’s guidance. . . . Dare to know! (Sapere aude.) ‘Have the courage to use your own understanding,’ is therefore the motto of the Enlightenment.”
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Facilitated by many forms of PRINT Newspapers, pamphlets, underground book
trade
Ideas discussed in Meeting places, coffee houses, taverns
Salons
Freemasonry—lodges and clubs
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Voltaire anti Catholic Church Anti absolutism
Diderot Anti church (a Deist), anti absolutism Believed in power of knowledge
Published Encyclopédie
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Titlepage to Diderot’s Encyclopedia.
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Enlightenment on politics Influence of Locke and Hobbes
Montesquieu Separation of powers
Rousseau Social contract
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Education Economy: laissez-faire approach (Adam
Smith) Crime, punishment, and torture Enlightened Absolutism
Frederick the Great of Prussia Joseph II of Austria Catherine the Great of Russia
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Enlightened Absolutism did not result in large-scale changes for ordinary Europeans.
But the Enlightenment did produce: Rationale for, theory of, and vocabulary used
to: Critique monarchical governments Justify revolutionary acts Create new democratic forms of government