World Bank Document...Sector 17, Vashi, Navi Mumbai 400705 Telefax -7896926 E Ma;l...

E5OHYolvmel7ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT OF KURLA - THANE 5TH AND

6TH RAILWAY LINE PROJECT

(Submitted to Mumbai Metropolitan Region DevelopmentAuthority, Govt. of Maharashtra)

.1~~~ 0

Serene Enviromntal Services509, 'Devavrata, Plot No. 83,

Sector 17, Vashi, Navi Mumbai 400705Telefax - 7896926

E Ma;l sereneavsf-.comWeb site : www.serenenviro.com-~~~~~~~~~eea - 862

i JUNE 2002

lI~JY .

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Environmental Audit of Kurla - Thane Serene Environmental Servicesdh and 6 th Rail Line Project

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sr. No. Description PageNumber

Executive Summary

1.0 Introduction 11.1 Background 11.2 Statement Of Purpose 1

2.0 Project Details 22.1 Project Need And Details 22.2 Project Components and Status 2

3.0 Scope And Methodology 43.1 Scope and Methodology 432. Legal Requirements 6

4.0 Baseline Environmental Status And Impacts 94.1 Terrain and Geology 94.2 Climate 94.3 Ambient Air Quality 94.4 Noise Levels 94.5 Ground and Surface Water Quality 104.6 Natural Habitats and Ecology 114.7 Landuse 124.8 Resettlement and Rehabilitation 124.9 Archaeological and Cultural Property 12

5.0 Assessment of Environmental Mitigation Measures 155.1 Introduction 155.2 Site Findings and Compliance for EHS Mitigation 15

Measures

6.0 Environmental Monitoring And Reporting 236.1 Environmental Monitoring Program 236.2 Institutional Setup 27

6.2.1 Institutional strengthening 296.3 Estimated Cost of EMP Implementation 30

Environmental Audit of Kurla - Thane Serene Environmental Servicesgh and 61h Rail Line Project

LIST OF TABLES

Table Description Page NumberNumber

1.0 Project Components 3

2.0 Detailed Scope and Methodology 53.0 Trees to be Felled 114.0 Impact Matrix 135.1 EHS Mitigation Measures (Pre-Construction / Design Stage) 175.2 EHS Mitigation Measures (Construction Stage) 195.3 EHS Mitigation Measures (Operation Stage) 226 Monitoring during Construction Phase 247 Monitoring Program during Operation Phase 268 Training Program for Institutional Strengthening 29

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Number Description1.0 Map of proposed 5'n and 6'n line between Kurla and Thane2.1 Existing Organization Framework For Central Railway-Construction

Phase2.2 Existing Organization Framework For Central Railway-Operation Phase

LIST OF ANNEXURES

Annex DescriptionNumber

I .A Terms of Reference for carrying out Environmental Audit of Railway Projects1.B Legal Requirements2. Site Photographs3. Public Consultation Details4. Summary of findings of the Initial Environment Screening Study(October 2000)5. Tree Cutting Permission6. Summary of Cultural Property Rehabilitation

1.7. Special conditions for safety common to all tenders of Central Railway8. Environment/ Health/ Safety Inspection Sheet

9.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. FDocumentation to be maintained by contractor or railway site engineer on snte10. Format for survival reporting for tree plantation

Environmental Audit of Kurla - Thane Serene Environmental Services5(h and 6n' Rail Line Project.

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AAQ: Ambient Air Quality

CPCB: Central Pollution Control Board

CEMP: Community Environment Management Plans

EA: Environmental Assessment

EMP: Environmental Management Plan

EHS Environment, Health and Safety

FOB: Foot over-bridges

GOM: Government of Maharashtra

MMR: Mumbai Metropolitan Region

MOEF: Ministry of Environment and Forests

MGGM: Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai

MMRDA: *Mumbai Metropolitan Regional Development Authority

MLEA: Micro-Level Environmental Assessment

MRVC: Mumbai Rail Vikas Corporation

MSEB: Maharashtra State Electricity Board

MUTP: Mumtai Urban Transport Project

PIA: Project Implementation Agency

PUC Pollution Under Control

RAP: Rehabilitation Action Plan

ROW: Right of Way

R&R Resettlement and Rehabilitation

SES: Serene Environmental Services

CR: Central Railway

WR: Western Railway

Environmental Audit of Kurla-Thane Serene Environmental Servicesdh andd6h Rail Line Project

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The Mumbai Urban Transport Project (MUTP) has identified a number of sub-projects tostrengthen the suburban rail transport'and road transport in Greater Mumbai and MumbaiMetropolitan Region (MMR) as a whole. MUTP places considerable emphasis on improvingpublic transport including the railway capacity.

As per requirement of The World Bank, Environmental Assessments (EA) was done for someof these sub-projects in the years 1996 to 1998. Also, a consolidated EA was prepared forthe entire MUTP project. Public consultation have also been conducted for MUTP and itsvarious components. Environmental Management Plans (EMP) was prepared as a part ofthese EAs, which included mitigation measures for minimising adverse environmentalimpacts. Currently, several of these sub-projects are in different stages of construction andMMRDA desires to carry out an assessment of the relevant EMPs.

This assignment pertains to the EMP assessment/audit for the 5th and 6' line constructionbetween Kurla and Thane stations on Central Railway (CR). This project is beingimplemented by the CR.

Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) has retained the services ofSerene Environmental Services (SES) to carry out Environmental Audit for railway projects ofMUTP.

2.0 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYThe Objectives of Environmental Audit are as follows:0 Verify the implementation of EMP delineated in the IES (Initial Environmental Screening)

report prepared by MMRDA/MRVC.O Assess the status of environmental impacts during ongoing construction and operation

0 Assess whether any environmental mitigation measures are required based on in goingcompleted works.

0 Document lessons that can be useful for future projects.0 Mitigate environmental impacts on the water quality, water flow due to construction of

bridges

3.0 PROJECT COMPONENTS

The broad components of the project can be grouped under the following heads:* Earthwork for laying of rail tracks between stations* Construction of additional il)frastructure at various stations such as New Platforms,

Booking office, Foot over-bridges (FOB) modifications, Extension of level crossings, etc.

Environmental Audit of Kurla-Thane Serene Environmental Serviceseh and 6 th Rail Line Project

* Construction of major and minor bridges at various locations* Construction of miscellaneous structures such as drainage, boundary walls etc.

The broad project components and implementation status of the same are given below inTable 1.0. Only 5 to 10% of work is complete. Removal of encroachments is a major issue,which is delaying further construction work.

3.1 Applicable Legal Requirements

The applicable Indian environmental regulations, World Bank policies/directives and GOMdirectives for all MUTP projects are given in detail in Annex 1 B. This EMP's for the Kurla-Thane project have been prepared within the framework of the Consolidated EnvironmentalAssessment (CEA), Report for MUTP, 2002. The legal requirements applicable to the Kurla-Thane project are as follows:

Indian Environmental and Other RegulationsO Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986, associated Rules and Notifications under the Act.n The Maharashtra (Urban Areas) Preservation of Trees Act, 1975O Land Acquisition Act 1894 (LA Act):O Maharashtra Regional and Town Planning Act, 1966 (MR&TP Act):O Development Control Regulations for Greater Mumbai 1991 (DCRs):

World Bank Policieso Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01)O Involuntary Resettlement (OD 4.30)O Cultural Property (OP 4.11):

4.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS and IMPACTS

The Initial Environmental Screening conducted by MMRDA in October 2000 has not indicatedany significant environmental impacts from the project apart from R&R issues. The projectsummary of impacts is presented in Table A.

4.1 Ambient Air Quality


Current AAQ Monitoring DataPrimary or secondary data is not available near the railway tracks on this stretch. Typically,high values of NOx and SPM are recorded near congested locations adjacent to railway

Environmental Audit of Kurla-Thane Serene Environmental Services5h and dh Rail Line Project

stations. This situation generally eases out at location between the station areas near therailway tracks.

Impacts During Construction PhaseMajor construction work is only 5 to 10% complete. Construction such as earthwork, majorbridges etc. were not in progress during the study period. Thus impacts on air quality due toconstruction activity cannot be assessed.

During Operation PhaseDuring the operation stage, there will be no impact on air quality, as electric trains will beoperated on the proposed track.

4.2 Noise Impacts

Baseline DataBaseline data for the project site is not available. However, spot monitoring of noise done atresidential areas near railway tracks on the Borivali-Virar and Santacruz-Borivali stretchindicate levels exceeding the noise standards. Typical peak noise levels near the tracks dueto train movement have been recorded between 85 to 90 dB(A). These are much higher thatthe 55 and 45 dB(A) day and night time standards.

Impacts During Construction PhaseConstruction work.was not in progress during study period. However, assessment of noiselevels during construction activity at the BVQR project clearly suggested that constructionactivity would not significantly increase the noise tevels from the baseline levels. Theconstruction activity such as earth-working, and miscellaneous civil structures'does notinvolve operations such as DG sets, blasting, drilling etc. The same conditions will generally Iapply to this project.

Impacts During Operation PhaseExisting baseline noise levels in this area exceeds the CPCB noise standards for residentialarea. This is typically found near the railway stations, where residential areas are locatedquite close (30 to 100 m) to railway tracks. Boundary wall will be constructed along therailway land, however this is not expected to have much potential for noise attenuation, asresidential building are located very close to the tracks and are 3 to 4 storey high. Providing abarrier all along the track to this height may not be feasible. Source reduction techniques byproviding better track/wheel interface and track modification may be more appropriate fornoise reduction.

4.3 Ground and Surface Water Quality

During Construction Phase

Environmental Audit of Kurla-Thane Serene Environmental Service85eh and dh Rail Line Project

There are no water bodies of any significance (lakes, rivers, creek etc.) present in the Kurla-Thane rail corridor. In fact most of the area is dense Built-up area. Thus there would nothave been any adverse environmental impact on water bodies.

The shifting of drain by 6m between Vidyavihar and Ghatkopar station will not have anyadverse environmental impacts. Permissions from MCGM have already been obtained. -

During Operation PhaseThe operation of the project is not likely to have a significant impact on water bodies due tothe following reasons:

* Wastewater generated at new platform at Thane will be discharged into existingsewerage network.

. Drains will be constructed near the tracks to avoid flooded during monsoons.There is no other activity which generates effluent and which can adversely affectany water body.

4.4 Natural Habitats and Ecology

Management and conservation of natural habitats likely to be affected by this project isrequired by The World Bank Operational Policy OP 4.04. There are no natural habitats alongthis route such as forests, mangroves, which require protection. Some trees in the ROW willhave to be felled. 308 trees will have to be felled and 225 trees will have to be transplanted.

lmpacts During Construction PhaseLoss of vegetation along the ROW is to be expected andlcannot be avoided. Permission forfelling of these trees has been obtained from MCGM. The pefmission requires CR to plant916 trees CR will carry out this plantation for enhancement of the area. Plantation activity isproactive and plantation targets are normally set for various CR managers.

lmpacts During Operation PhaseImpacts on ecology is not expected during the operation stage as the project is coming upalongside the existing tracks and there is no forest and other sensitive ecological reservesnear the tracks that can be affected due to operation of additional rakes.

4.5 Landuse

This rail corridor is large built-up area with no significant ecological resources, water bodiesetc. There are mixed use and residential areas immediately adjacent to the corridorboundary.

Impacts

Environmental Audit of Kurta-Thane Serene Environmental Services5h and dh Rail Line Project

The land-use pattern will not change significantly due to the implementation of the project as itwill come up alongside the existing tracks.

There are about 2131 project-affected households (PAHs) which need resettlement.Resettlement and rehabilitation (R&R) of the PAH is being done by MMRDA as per theRehabilitation Action Plan (RAP) of Govt. of Maharashtra. Site specific CommunityEnvironment Management Plans (CEMP) are being prepared separately by MMRDA fortransit and permanent locations.

4.8 Resettlement and RehabilitationThere are about 2131 project-affected households (PAHs) which need resettlement.Resettlement and rehabilitation (R&R) of the PAH is being done by MMRDA as per theRehabilitation Action Plan (RAP) of Govt. of Maharashtra. Site specific CommunityEnvironment Management Plans (CEMP) are being prepared separately by MMRDA fortransit and permanent locations.

4.9 Archaeological and Cultural PropertyRehabilitation of Cultural Property such as archaeological and historical sites, religious(temples, mosques etc.) affected by project activities is required by The World BankOperational Policy 4.11 on Cultural Property Preservation.

There are four religious structures (Temples) that will be affected by the project.Rehabilitation work along with the local residents and NGO's are in progress. A summary ofthese structures and then proposed/executed rehabilitation measures is given in Annex 6.

A summary of the impacts during construction and operation phases of the project isgiven in Table A

Environmental Audit of Kurla-Thane Serene Environmental Services5th and dh Rail Line Project

Table A Impact Matrix

No. Parameter Impacts During Construction phase Impacts During operation phase

1. Air Quality Major construction work was not ini progress during study No negative impacts during operation phase.period.

2. Noise Major construction work was not ini progress during study Existing baseline noise levels in this area is expected toperiod. Thus impacts on noise levels due to construction exceed the CPCB noise standards for residential area. Thisactivity cannot be assessed. is typically found near the railway tracks where residential

areas are located quite close (30 to 50 m) to railway tracks.

Boundary walls of 2m height will be constructed along therailway land near the tracks, however this is not expected tohave much potential for noise attenuation, as residentialbuilding are located very close to the tracks and are 3 to 4storey high. Providing a barrier all along the track to thisheight may not be feasible. Source reduction techniques byproviding better track/wheel interface and track modificationmay be more appropriate for noise reduction.

_ ._~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~7

Environmental Audit of Kurla-Thane Serene Environmental Services5!h and 6"' Rail Line Project

Table A Cont


3. Water Quality No water bodies of any significance such as lakes, rivers, No significant adverse impacts as effluent fromcreek etc. present in the Kurla-Thane rail corridor. No platforms will be discharged into existing sewers.adverse environmental impact on any waier body. No other source of effluent during operation.

4. Ecology Trees in the ROW will be lost. This loss is expected and No adverse impacts on ecology during operationcannot be avoided. Permission for felling of trees has phase. No forest and other sensitive ecologicalbeen obtained from the Tree Officer. CR will be doing reserves located in the rail corridor.track-side and other plantation for enhancement of thearea after construction activity is complete as per thepermission obtained.

5. Landuse The land-use pattem has not changed significantly due to No adverse impacts expected.the implementation of the project as i has come upalongside the existing tracks.

There are 2131 project-affected households (PAHs),which need resettlement. Resettlement and rehabilitationof the PAH is being done by MMRDA as per theRehabilitation Action Plan (RAP) of Govt. of Maharashtra.

6. Archaeological There are four religious structures (Temples) that will be No adverse impacts expected.and Cultural affected by the project. Rehabilitation work along with theProperty. local residents and NGO's are in progress. A summary of

these structures and then proposed/executed\rehabilitation measures is given in Annex 6..

vii

Environmental Audit of Kurla-Thane Serene Environmental Services5eh and &h Rail Line Project

5.0 Assessment of Environmental Mitigation Measures

The assessment included the following:

* Audit of the project site and activities to deternine the extent of compliance withEnvironment, Health and Safety (EHS) mitigation measures defined in '(IES) InitialEnvironmental Screening Report prepared by MMRDA.

* Determining adequacy of earlier EMP and proposing additional Measures.

The construction work for the project is only about 5 to 10% complete. Construction activitysuch as earth-working etc. was not in progress and thus EHS measures cannot beaudited/assessed for the construction phase. Most tenders for various construction workshave been finalised. The earlier IES report and the current site visits have not revealed anysignificant adverse environmental impact caused due the already completed activity.

Thus, as far as this project is concerned, recommendations for EMP implementation includethe following:

. EHS mitigation measures that could be induded as a requirement for contractors forremaining construction works.

* EMP monitoring and reporting during operational stage.* Institutional mechanism for EMP implementation

5.1 Site Findings And Compliance For EHS Mitigation Measures

The construction works carried out and the rail operation in this project is similar to the onebeing carried out for the Borivali-Virar Quadrupling of Rail project. Thus the EMP measureswould be similar and are presented in Table 4.1 to 4.3 for the design, construction andoperation stages. The mitigation measures in these tables have been modified in light of thefindings of the audit done on the BVQR project sites.

The EHS issues are addressed for the components given below for design, construction andoperation phases of the project.

* Ecological impacts such as tree cutting and destruction of mangroves.* Resettlement and rehabilitation* Utility relocation* Generation of Dust due to construction activity. Construction Vehicle /equipment exhaust emissions* Noise from vehicles, plants and equipment* Contamination of water bodies* Ecological impacts such as tree cutting and destruction of mangroveso Soil erosiono Debris disposal

lInitial Environment Screening Report for Kurla-Thane 5"' and 6" Lines, MMRDA,,Octobcr, 2000

viii

Environmental Audit of Kurta-T7hane Serene Environmental Servicef5h and 6 !h Rail Line Project

* Soil contamination by construction wastes, fuel etc.* Land degradation in quarry area.* Health and hygiene at construction labour camps• Delays and congestion on tracks* Traffic Control and Safety* Occupational Health and Safety

Critical EHS recommendations for the project are given below, more details on audit findings andrecommendations are available in Tables 4.1 to 4.3 of this report.

Pre-construction and design stage:

1. Permissions for Shifting of drain (Nallah) and MCGM water pipeline has been obtained.2. Resettlement is currently being carried out by MMRDA as per RAP of GOM. Separate

Transit and permanent accommodations for project affected households should be audited atleast 6 monthly.

3. Permissions for felling of trees obtained from local authority (MCGM).

Construction Phase

1. Road wetting for earth-working operations for minimising dust emissions.2. All contractors to make sure that all dumpers and other vehicles being used at site have been

checked for vehicle emissions and have a valid PUC certificate.3. A documented procedure to be made by all contractors clearly prohibiting discharge/dumping

of waste material into any water body.4. A clear documented procedure to be made part of the tender documents, requiring

contractors to dispose debris in low-lying areas away from water bodies, as fill material only.5. Documentation such as quarry release receipt issued by the District Fevenue officer at the

quarry site to be available at construction site.6. Safety and hazard posters and signs should be clearly displayed at locations such as plafform

works, level crossings, Station building construction areas etc.7. An engineering work permit is made by Western Railway for each site, after inspection of

safety conditions as per tender requirements. C.R. to assure that a similar procedure for workpermit is followed at all construction sites

8. First aid boxes to be made available at site.9. Ambient Air and Noise monitoring as per Table 6 and procedure in Section 6.1

Operation Phase1. A detailed survey to be done in the railway corridor to determine areas where additional track-

side and other plantation (In additional to compensatory plantation) could be done and aplantation plan to be prepared.. Plan should be prepared by CR and forwarded to MMRDAfor approval one month before completion of construction activities.

2. Regular maintenance of plantation.and reporting as per EMP3. Noise monitoring as per Table 7 and procedures in Section 6.1.

ix

Environmental Audit of Kuila-Thane Serene Environmental Serviceeeh and oth Rail Line Project

6.0 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting

Ste visits and interviews have revealed the following facts related to environmentalmanagement organisation:

. In the consolidated EA report for MUTP, MRVC was reported to be the ProjectImplementation Agency (PIA). However, Central Railway (CR) is the PIA for this project.MRVC is the coordinating agency to facilitate communication between MMRDA and CR.

* CR has incorporated certain EHS elements in the tender documents.* Environmental monitoring is currently not required to be done by the contractors. Apart

from periodic general inspections, currently there is no feedback mechanism for EHSelements of the project.

Major significant impacts would be the displacement of project affected people and cutting ofvegetation along the ROW. The monitoring of R&R components is being covered separatelyas a part of another study and permnissions have been taken earlier for cutting of vegetation.

Comprehensive periodic site inspection programs for EHS elements and_ a regular.environmental monitoring program will best achieve the objectives of monitoring describedabove for this project.

The recommended EMP monitoring and reporting mechanism, inspection schedule - format -responsibilities, current institutional mechanism, training requirements etc. are given in detailin Section 6.1 of this report.

Environmental Audit of Kurla-Thane Serene Environmental Serviceseh and dh Rail Line Project

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

The Mumbai Urban Transport Project (MUTP) has identified a number of sub-projects tostrengthen the suburban rail transport and road transport in Greater Mumbai and MumbaiMetropolitan Region (MMR) as a whole. MUTP places considerable emphasis on improvingpublic transport including the railway capacity.

As per requirement of The World Bank, Environmental Assessments (EA) was done for somethese sub-projects in the years 1996 to 1998. Also, a consolidated EA was prepared for theentire MUTP project. Environmental Management Plans (EMP) was prepared as a part ofthese EAs, which included mitigation measures for minimising adverse environmentalimpacts. Currently, several of these sub-projects are in different stages of construction andMMRDA desires to carry out an assessment of the relevant EMPs.

This assignment pertains to the EMP assessment/audit for the 5th and 6'h lineconstruction between Kurla and Thane stations on Central Railway (CR). This projectis being implemented by the CR.

1.2 Statement of purpose

Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) has retained the services ofSerene Environmental Services (SES) to carry out Environmental Audit for railway projectsof MUTP. The scope of work is as per TOR given in the RFP no. PD/MUTP/EA/701/2001dated October 16, 2001 (Annex 1). The work was awarded to SES on November 7, 2001,after final negotiations on November6, 2001.

Obiectives of the studv:

*' Verify the implementation of EMP delineated in the 'IES (Initial Environmental Screening)report prepared by MMRDA/MRVC.

1' Assess the status of environmental impacts during ongoing construction and operation*1 Assess whether any environmental mitigation measures are required based on in going

completed works.P, Document lessons that can be useful for future projects.

* Mitigate environmental impacts on the marine water quality, water flow due toconstruction of bridges

Initial Environment Screening Report for Kurla-Thane 5th and 6"' Lines, MMRDA, October, 2000

Environmental Audit of Kurta-Thane Serene Environmental Services5 h and 6h Rail Line Project

2.0 PROJECT DETAILS

2.1 Project Need and Details

As a part of MUTP, railway has proposed to undertake a project on the provision of 5th and 6'hlines between Kurla and Thane. The scope of the project includes laying of additional tworailway lines between Kurla and Thane for a length about 16 Km. The proposed project willenhance the capacity of existing suburban and non suburban traffic between Kurla andThane. The benefits of this project are:

* Segregation of suburban and non-suburban traffic between Kurla and Thane, thusproviding capacity on long distance lines to allow more trains to a new passenger terminalat Kurla.

* To bridge the shortfall in capacity of 15000 passengers per hour on this section inassociation with optimization on Central Railway and conversion of 9-car rakes to 12-caron local lines.

The proposed 5 th and 6'h lines will run parallel to existing tracks on the eastern side. FigureI shows the route of the proposed line. Photo I in Annex 2 shows the existing lines atGhatkopar station. The eastern section where the new lines will be constructed can also beseen in the photograph. It will take off from a suitable point between Kurla and Vidyaviharstation, which is an extension of Kurla Yard only. Thereafter, the new lines will pass throughthe stations of Ghatkopar, Vikhroli, Kanjur Marg, Bhandup and Mulund . Thereafter, the newlines will join existing up and main lines at a suitable point at Thane at Kalyan end of newPlafform to be constructed at Thane for 5 th and 6th line.

Bridges:The project includes the construction of about 5 major bridges and 41 minor bridges betweenKurla and Thane.

Stations:All together, there are 8 stations between Kurla and Thane.

2.2 Project Components and Status

The broad components of the project can be grouped under the following heads:* Earthwork for laying of rail tracks between stations* Construction of additional infrastructure at various stations such as New Plafforms,

Booking office, Foot over-bridges (FOB) modifications, Extension of level crossings, etc.• Construction of major and minor bridges at various locations* Construction of miscellaneous structures such as drainage, boundary walls etc.

The broad project components and implementation status of the same are given below inTable 1.0. Only 5 to 10% of work is complete. Removal of encroachments is a majorissue, which is delaying further construction work.

2

Figure 1.0 5TH & 6 m LINE BETWEEN KURLA & THANE

-. 1

THANE

.3.02THANE

kANjURMARO BRANiMJPXK N2J4u;6RgARSB24l69

qFfflRPAAR

cHU IvT VDUR '

1 ~KIRLA

m Proposed Line

Environmental Audit of Kurda-Thane Serene Environmental Serviceseh and 6h Rail Line Project

Table I Project ComponentsNo. Stations Existing Features and Work Current Status

Description1. Kurla Station New Railway Quarters Yet to begin

2. Between Kurla and 5' and 6n line will start betweenVidyavihar Station these stations.

Earth Work and Track laying Yet to begin3. Vidyavihar Station FOB modification Yet to begin

.ismantling of railway quarters Yet to begin

Track modification (Yard Yet to beginremodeling)

4. Between Vidyavihar A 6m drain -running parallel to Municipal permissionsto Ghatkopar station existing tracks on the east side for a obtained. Work yet to begin

short distance needs to be shiftedby about 6m to make way for thenew tracks. (See Photo 2)A water pipeline of Municipal Municipal permissionsCorporation of Greater Mumbai obtained. Work yet to begin(MCGM) will need to be elevated toaccommodate new tracks. (SeePhoto 3) Earth Work for Track laying Yet to begin

Private land acquisition Yet to begin

Existing MCGB water pipeline Yet to beginmodification.Road Over-bridge Yet to begin

5. Ghatkopar Station FOB extension and booking office In Progress

6. Between Ghatkopar Earth Work for track laying 70% completeto Vikhroli Station

Removal and Resettlement of In progressencroachmentsExtension of level crossing Complete

7. Vikhroli Station FOB extension (2 nos.) and booking Yet to beginoffice

Environmental Audit ot Kudla- Inane Serene Environmental Services5h and 6h Rail Line Project

Table I Cont.

No. Stations Existing Features and Work Current StatusDescription _

8. Between Vikhroli to Shifting of Drain (Nallah) Yet to beginKanjur Marg stations

Removal and Resettlement of In progressencroachmentsEarth Work for track laying Yet to begin

9. Kanjur Marg Station FOB extension Yet to start

10. Between Kanjur Marg Earth Work for track laying 80% completeand Bhandup _Stations Removal and Resettlement of Almost complete

encroachments11; Bhandup station No physical works12. Between Bhandup New FOB - Level crossing No. 17 Complete and operating

and Mulund station is closed.

E,arth Work for track laying Pending

13. Mulund Station FOB extension Pending

14. Between Mulund to Earth Work for track laying PendingThane Station

Shifting of existing drain by 6m Pending

New ROB - Level crossing near CompleteThane closed.

15. Thane Station New Platform Complete

Track modification In Progress.

16. Entire length between Construction of 5 Major bridges (> Pending - only 5 to 10 % ofKurla and Thane 12 m span) and 41 minor bridges total project work is complete

(across small culverts etc.) at at this stage.various locations.

17. Entire length between Construction of boundary wall About 2 km of boundary wallKurla and Thane is made.

3.1 SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY

As described earlier, an Initial Environment Screening was done in October 2000 for theKurla-Thane project.. Also, a consolidated EA was prepared for the entire MUTP project.Environmental Management Plans (EMP) was prepared as a part of these EAs, whichincluded mitigation measures for minimizing adverse environmental impacts. An assessmentof Alternative Sites for the Kurla-Thane project was not carried out since the proposed lines

4

Environmental Audit of Kurla-Thane Serene Environmental Serviceseh and 'h Rail Line Project

will be coming up adjacent to the existing lines with a view to enhancing the capacity of theselines. Public consultation have also been conducted for MUTP and its various components.The details of which are given in Annex 3.

The various tasks and methodology followed for completing these objectives are given belowin Table 2.0. Methodology followed is as per the Inception Report of the project.

Environmental Audit of Kudia-Thane Serene Environmental Services5!h and eh Rail Line Project

Table 2 Detailed Scope and MethodologyScope Methodology

Task IReview of previous reports such as These reports were reviewed for understanding the projectengineering design, MUTP background.consolidated EA report etc.Task 2 The 'Environmental Screening Report for the project hasDetermination of significant impacts on concluded that environmental impacts from the project arethe air, noise and ecological mainly limited to R&R issues and shifting of utilities etc.environment that have occurred due to The Site visits were made along ROW of the proposedcurrent construction works and future tracks and facilities such as stations etc. to verify findings.planned activities. Ambient Air Quality

Ambient air quality impacts during construction stages ofthe project cannot be assessed, as major construction workis pending. Only about 5 to 10 % of overall work iscompleted.Noise ImpactsBaseline noise levels at locations near existing tracks arealready high. No monitoring envisaged. Conclusions willbe based on findings of the BVQR Audit and 3Santacruz-Borivali Audit project.Water QualityNo water body of importance on this line. No impact onsurface or ground water quality expected. Watermonitoring not envisaged. Impacts on water quality due toplanned construction of platforms; sanitary facilities etc willbe assessed.Soil QualityMajority of earthwork and construction of bridges etc. ispending. Only 5-10% work completed. As concluded inBVQR audit project, ambient air quality and visualassessment did not indicate significant adverse impacts insoil quality. Soil analysis is not envisaged.Ecological ImpactsArea alongside the tracks is largely built-up and noecological resources of any significance are present in thiscorridor.

Initial Environment Screening Report for Kurla-Thane 5 th and 6zh Lines, MMRDA, October, 20003 Environmental Audit Report of the Santacruz-Borivali 5'h line Project, SES, December 2001.

'S

Environmental Audit of Kuria-Thane Serene Environmental Serviceseh and e Rail Line Project

Table 2.0 Cont

Scope Methodology

TASK 3 Only 5 to 10% of construction work is complete in thisPreparation of EMPs for adverse section. Earthwork and other major construction work isenvironmental impacts identified for the not in progress, thus implementation status of EMPs duringcompleted and planned works. construction stage could not be assessed. However,

interviews with CR officials indicated that measuresPreparation of EMP matrix, specific implemented during the construction stage will be similar toEMPs, responsibilities and authorities those currently being implemented at the BVQR auditfor implementation and the cost project.implications for the EMP *' Site visits were conducted along tracks and atimplementation. Ghatkopar and Vidyavihar stations.

*' Organization structure and chain of command betweenAssess the adequacy of current contractors, Railway and MRVC was reviewed.institutional arrangements and suggest lo A representative EMP matrix consisting of measures*measures for strengthening the same if that should be incorporated in the tender documents forrequired. upcoming construction work are included.

lo- Environmental Monitoring protocols are defined for

Suggest improvements in construction and operation stage.implementatio of mitigation measus . *EMP implementation framework, reportingimpluturementavitons. ofmiiatomrequirements etc. have been firmed up afterin future activities. discussions with MRVC, Central Railway and MMRDA.

Environmental Audit of Kurla-Thane -Srene Environmental Serviceeeh and dh Rail Line Project

3.2 Applicable Legal Requirements

The applicable Indian environmental regulations, World Bank policies/directives and GOMdirectives for all MUTP projects are given in detail in Annex I B. This EMP's for the Kurla-Thane project have been prepared within the framework of the Consolidated EnvironmentalAssessment (CEA), Report for MUTP, 2002. The legal requirements applicable to the Kurla-Thane project are as follows:

Indian Environmental and Other Regulations0 Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986, associated Rules and Notifications under the Act.0 The Maharashtra (Urban Areas) Preservation of Trees Act, 1975O Land Acquisition Act 1894 (LA Act):0 Maharashtra Regional and Town Planning Act, 1966 (MR&TP Act):0 Development Control Regulations for Greater Mumbai 1991 (DCRs):

World Bank PoliciesE Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01)0 Involuntary Resettlement (OD 4.30)0 Cultural Property (OP 4.11):

Relevant compliance action for these policies has been covered in the following Sections 4.8,and 4.9.

Environmental Audit of Kurla-Thane Serene Environmental Services5 "h and 6h Rail Line Project

4.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS and IMPACTS

The Initial Environmental Screening conducted by MMRDA in October 2000 has not indicatedany significant environmental impacts from the project apart from R&R issues. Key findingsof the report are given in Annex 4. The project summary of impacts is presented in Table3.

4.1 Terrain and Geology

Kurla-Thane tracks run over almost a level terrain in the area. The area through out is built-up. Some open areas are observed between Kanjur Marg and Mulund on the eastern side.Geology is typical of the westem coast i.e. Basalt rocks overlain by alluvial soils / days.

4.2 Climate

The climate of the area is characterized by high humidity nearly all year round, oppressivesummer season and well-distributed and heavy rainfall during the southwest monsoonseason. This suburban district receives heavy rainfall during the monsoon season betweenJune and August.


Current AAQ Monitoring DataPrimary or secondary data is not available near the railway tracks on this stretch. Typically,high values of NOx and SPM are recorded near congested locations adjacent to railwaystations. This situation generally eases out at location between the station areas near therailway tracks.

Impact Assessment

During Construction PhaseMajor construction work is only 5 to 10% complete. Construction such as earthwork, majorbridges etc. were not in progress during the study period. Thus impacts on air quality due toconstruction activity cannot be assessed.

During Operation PhaseDuring the operation stage, there will be no impact on air quality, as electric trains will beoperated on the proposed track.

4.4 Noise Levels

Baseline DataBaseline data for the project site is not available. However, spot monitoring of noise done atresidential areas near railway tracks on the Borivali-Virar and Santacruz-Borivali stretchindicate levels exceeding the noise standards. Typical peak noise levels near the tracks due

Environmental Audit of Kurla-Thane Serene Environmental Services5 h and 6h Rail Line Project

to train movement have been recorded between 85 to 90 dB(A). These are much higher thatthe 55 and 45 dB(A) day and night time standards.

Impact Assessment

Durina Construction PhaseConstruction work was not in progress during study period. However, assessment of noiselevels during construction activity at the BVQR project clearly suggested that constructionactivity would not significantly increase the noise levels from the baseline levels. Theconstruction activity such as earth-working, and miscellaneous civil structures does notinvolve operations such as DG sets, blasting, drilling etc. The same conditions will generally Iapply to this project.

During Operation PhaseExisting baseline noise levels in this area exceeds the CPCB noise standards for residentialarea. This is typically found near the railway stations, where residential areas are locatedquite close (30 to 100 m) to railway tracks. Boundary wall will be constructed along therailway land, however this is not expected to have much potential for noise attenuation, asresidential building are located very close to the tracks and are 3 to 4 storey high. Providing abarrier all along the track to this height may not be feasible. Source reduction techniques byproviding better track/wheel interface and track modification may be more appropriate fornoise reduction.

4.5 Ground and Surface Water Quality

ImPact Assessment

During Construction PhaseThere are no water bodies of any significance (lakes, rivers, creek etc.) present in the Kurla-Thane rail corridor. In fact most of the area is dense Built-up area. Thus there would nothave been any adverse environmental impact on water bodies.

The shifting of drain by 6m between Vidyavihar and Ghatkopar station (See Photo 2 inAnnex 2) will not have any significant adverse environmental impacts. Permissions fromMCGM have already been obtained.

During Operation Phase

The operation of the project is not likely to have a significant impact on water bodies due tothe following reasons:

Wastewater generated at new platform at Thane will be discharged into existingsewerage network.

* Drains will be constructed near the tracks to avoid flooded during monsoons.There is no other activity which generates effluent and which can adversely affect anywater body.

10

Environmental Audit of Kurla-Thane Serene Environmental Services5 h and eh Rail Line Project

4.6 Natural Habitats and Ecology

lmDact Assessment

Management and conservation of natural habitats likely to be affected by the Kurla-Thaneproject is required by The World Bank Operational Policy OP 4.04. There are no naturalhabitats along this route such as forests, mangroves, which require protection. Some trees inthe ROW will have to be felled, the details of which are given below:

During Construction PhaseLoss of vegetation along the ROW is to be expected and cannot be avoided. Permission forfelling of these trees has been obtained from MCGM. Table 3 below gives the number oftrees to be cut in this route. CR will carry out trackside and other plantation for enhancementof the area as required by the permissions. Plantation activity is proactive and plantationtargets are normally set for various CR managers.

Table 3.0 TREES TO BE FELLEDLocation Trees to be Cut I Permission for tree

Transplanted (As per cuttingCR survey)

Kurla to 232 trees to be removed Permission for tree cuttingBhandup and 99 trees to be obtained from MCGM -

transplanted. Trees are Superintendent of Gardensbeing cut as per the work (Tree Officer).schedule. (See Annex 5)

Compensatory plantation tobe done to the tune of 464trees.

Bhandup to 76 trees to be removed Permission for tree cuttingThane and 126 trees to be obtained from MCGM -

transplanted. Trees are Superintendent of Gardensbeing cutftransplanted as (Tree Officer).per the work schedule. (See Annex 5)

Compensatory plantation tobe done to the tune of 452trees.

During Operation PhaseImpacts on ecology is not expected during the operation stage as the project is coming upalongside the existing tracks and there is no forest and other sensitive ecological reservesnear the tracks that can be affected due to operation of additional rakes.

Environmental Audit of Kurla-Thane Serene Environmental ServiCeSeth and 61h Rail Une Project

4.7 Land Use

This rail corridor is large built-up area with no significant ecological resources, water bodiesetc. There are mixed use and residential areas immediately adjacent to the corridorboundary.

Impacts

The land-use pattem will not change significantly due to the implementation of the project as itwill come up alongside the existing tracks.

4.8 Resettlement and RehabilitationThere are about 2131 project-affected households (PAHs) which need resettlement.Resettlement and rehabilitation (R&R) of the PAH is being done by MMRDA as per theRehabilitation Action Plan (RAP) of Govt. of Maharashtra. Site specific CommunityEnvironment Management Plans (CEMP) are being prepared separately by MMRDA fortransit and permanent locations.

4.9 Archaeological and Cultural PropertyRehabilitation of Cultural Property such as archaeological and historical sites, religious(temples, mosques etc.) affected by project activities is required by The World BankOperational Policy 4.11 on Cultural Property Preservation.

There are four religious structures (Temples) that will be affected by the project.Rehabilitation work along with the local residents and NGO's are in progress. A summary ofthese structures and then proposed/executed rehabilitation measures is given in Annex 6.

Table 4.0 presents summarized impacts during construction and operation phase of project.

12

Environmental Audit of Kuvra-Thane Serene Environmental Services5th and 6h Rail Line Project

Table 4.0 Impact Matrix

No. Parameter Impacts During Construction phabe Impacts During operation phase

1. Air Quality Major construction work was not in progress during study No negative impacts during operation phase.period.

2. Noise Major construction work was not in progress during study Existing baseline noise levels in this area is expected toperiod. Thus impacts on noise levels due to construction exceed the CPCB noise standards for residential area. Thisactivity cannot be assessed. is typically found near the railway tracks where residential

areas are located quite close (30 to 50 m) to railway tracks.

Boundary walls of 2m height will be constructed along therailway land near the tracks, however this is not expected tohave much potential for noise attenuation, as residentialbuilding are located very dose to the tracks and are 3 to 4storey high. Providing a barrier all along the track to thisheight may not be feasible. Source reduction techniques byproviding better tracklwheel interface and track modificationmay be more appropriate for noise reduction.

13

Environmental Audit of Kurla-Thane Serene Environmental Services5th and 6 h Rail Line Project

Table 4.0 Cont.


3. Water Quality No water bodies of any significance such as lakes, tivers, No significant adverse impacts as effluent fromcreek etc. present in the Kurla-Thane rail corridor. No platforms will be discharged into existing sewers.adverse environmental impact on any water body. No other source of effluent durng operation.

4. Ecology Trees in the ROW will be lost. This loss is expected and No adverse impacts on ecdiogy. durng operationcannot be avoided. Permission for felling of trees has phase. No forest and other sensitive ecologicalbeen obtained from the Tree Officer. CR will be doing reserves located in the rail corridor.trackside and other plantation for enhancement of the areaafter construction activity is complete.

5. Landuse The land-use paftem has not changed significantly due to No adverse impacts expected.the implementation of the project as it has come upalongside the existing tracks.

There are 2131 project-affected households (PAHs),which need resettlement. Resettlement and rehabilitationof the PAH is being done by MMRDA as per theRehabilitation Action Plan (RAP) of Govt. of Maharashtra.

6. Archaeological There are four religious structures (Temples) that will be No adverse impacts expected.and Cultural affected by the project. Rehabilitation work along with theProperty. local residents and NGO's are in progress. A summary of

these structures and then proposed/executedrehabilitation measures is given in Annex 6...

14

EnvironmentalAudit of Kuria-Thane Serene Environmental Services5f and 6th Rail Line Project


5.1 Introduction

The previous sections described the changes observed in baseline environmental status andthe environmental impacts during construction and operation stages of the project. Thissection is dedicated to the following issues:* Audit of the project site and activities to determine the extent of compliance with

Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) mitigation measures defined in 1(IES) InitialEnvironmental Screening Report prepared by MMRDA.


As discussed earlier, the construction work for the project is only about 5 to 10% complete.Construction activity such as earth-working etc. was not in progress and thus EHS measurescannot be audited/assessed for the construction phase. Most tenders for various constructionworks have been finalised. The earlier IES report and the current site visits have not revealedany significant adverse environmental impact caused due the already completed activity (SeeAnnex 4)

Thus, as far as this project is concerned, recommendations for EMP implementation includethe following:

* EHS mitigation measures that could be included as a requirement for contractors forremaining construction works.


5.2 Site Findings and Compliance for EHS Mitigation Measures

The construction works carried out and the rail operation in this project is similar to the onebeing carried out for the Borivali-Virar Quadrupling of Rail project. Thus the EMP measureswould be similar and are presented in Table 5.1 to 5.3 for the design, construction andoperation stages. The mitigation measures in these tables have been modified in light of thefindings of the audit done on the BVQR project sites.

Initial Environment Screening Report for Kurla-Thane 5 th and 6h Lines, MMRDA, October, 2000

15

Environmental Audit of Kurda-Thane Serene Environmental Services5 th and 6 h Rail Line Project

Construction activity such as earth-working etc. was not in progress and thus EHS measurescannot be audited/assessed for the construction phase. The EHS measures given in Table5.2 are for the on-going construction works.

The mitigation requirements mentioned should be complied by the CR by assigningresponsibilities for the same to various CR departments and making it a part of contractorrequirements where relevant.

16

Environmental Audit of Kurla-Thane Serene Environmental Services5 th and 6 h Rail Line Project


5.1 Introduction

The previous sections described the changes observed in baseline environmental status andthe environmental impacts during construction and operation stages of the project. Thissection is dedicated to the following issues:* Audit of the project site and activities to determine the extent of compliance with

Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) mitigation measures defined in (IES) InitialEnvironment Screening Report for Kurla-Thane 5th and 6th Lines, MMRDA, October, 2000


As discussed earlier, the construction work for the project is only about 5 to 10% complete.Construction activity such as earth-working etc. was not in progress and thus EHS measurescannot be audited/assessed for the construction phase. Most tenders for various constructionworks have been finalised. The earlier IES report and the current site visits have not revealedany significant adverse environmental impact caused due the already completed activity (SeeAnnex 4). Thus, as far as this project is concemed, recommendations for EMPimplementation include the following:

* EHS mitigation measures that could be included as a requirement for contractors forremaining construction works.


5.2 Site Findings and Complianc4e for EHS Mitigation Measures

Construction activity such as earth-working etc. was not in progress and thus EHS measurescannot be audited/assessed for the construction phase. The environmental managementplan including the mitigation measures for various environmental impacts and any relatedaudit finding for design, construction and operation phases of the project are given in Tables5.1 to 5.3 respectively.

Column 1 of the tables gives the various environmental impacts. Column 2 gives the EHSmeasures recommended for the project to mitigate the adverse environmental impacts.Column 4 gives the responsibilities for implementing the mitigation measures.

The mitigation requirements mentioned should be complied by the CR by assigningresponsibilities for the same to various CR departments and making it a part of contractorrequirements where relevant.

15

Environmental Audit of Kurla-Thane Serene Enviroornental Services5 th and 6th Rail Line Project

TABLE 5.1 EHS Mitigation Measures (PRE-CONSTRUCTION I DESIGN STAGE)

Environmental EFHS Mitigation Measures Current Status/Audit Findings Responsibility **Impact Implementation SupervisionEcological impacts Trees to be removed before commencement Permissions have been obtained from MCGM.such as tree of construction, with prior permission from See Table 4 and Annex 5 for the permission CR - Site Engineer CR- Site Engineer &cutting and Forest Officer as required by The Maharashtra status with contractor Executive Engineerdestruction of (Urban Areas) Preservation of Trees Actmangroves.

Utility relocation All utilities, such as electrical installations, Permissions for Shifting of drain (Nallah) andtelephone lines etc. to be shifted after prior MCGM water pipeline has been obtained. CR - Site Engineer CR- Site Engineer &approval of agencies. with contractor Executive Engineer

** A follow-up mechanism for regular monitoring of mitigation measures to be followed as per EMP monitoring and reporting inSection 6 and the inspection sheet and formats in Annex 8, 9 and 10.

16

Environmental Audit of Kurla-Thane Serene Environmental Services5 th and 6th Rail Line Project

TABLE 5.1 Cont

Environmental EHS Mitigation Measures Findings ResponsibilityImpact Implementation SupervisionNoise Impacts Construction of noise barriers at Boundary wall of 2 m will be constructed at

appropriate locations. Use of most locations along the tracks. Barriers as CR' - Site Engineer CR- Site Engineer &techniques for noise reduction at mentioned above may provide the noise with contractor Executive Engineersource. attenuation to some extent, however, it is

doubfful that any significant attenuation willNoise reduction at source appears to be be possible over the ground floor of existinga more practical approach to address structures. Also, the effect will be variable tothe noise impacts. These should be a large extent as residential and sensitiveimplement by CR. receptors will be located at variable

distances from the boundary wall.A variety of sources are responsible forboth the total environmental noise Some of the measures which are beingpollution of a passing train and its introduced in all new rail lines are:interior noise. These sources are thewheel, the rail, the track components - a. Use of continuous welded railssleepers, ballast etc. b. Rubber pads between rail and sleepers.

c. 30-cm stone ballast cushion belowsleeper seat, which will reduce noise byproviding elasticity.

d. Construction of concrete bridges insteadof steel bridges.


17

Environmental Audit of Kurla-Thane Serene Environmental Services5th and 6h Rail Line Project

TABLE 5.2 EHS Mitigation Measures (CONSTRUCTION STAGE)

Environmental EHS Mitigation Measures Responsibility**Impact Implementation SupervisionGeneration of Dust Construction site to be watered periodically to minimize fugitive dust generation.due to construction Site Contractor CR- Site engineer andactivity Executive Engineer,

All Earthwork and construction material should be protected in such a manner so as tomiQimize generation of dust. All dumpers should be covered by tarpaulin sheets to minimise Site Contractor CR- Site engineer andspillage of sand and soil. Ambient Air monitoring as per Table 6 to be carried Executive Engineer,out..

Construction Vehicle Exhaust emissions from all construction vehicles shall adhere to vehicle emission norms./equipment exhaust Site Contractor CR- Site engineer and

Executive Engineer,Noise from vehicles, All vehicle and construction equipment shall be fitted with exhaust silencers. Damagedplants and silencers to be promptly replaced by contractor. Vehicles to be maintained and services Site Contractor CR- Site engineer andequipment regularly. Noise monitoring as per Table 6 to be carried out. Executive Engineer,Contamination of Silt fencing shall be provided at the base of the embankment for the entire perimeter of anywater bodies such as water body (including wells). A documented procedure to be made by all contractors clearly Site Contractor CR- Site engineer andwells and prohibiting discharge/dumping of waste material into any water body. Checks on the same Executive Engineer,lakes/ponds. shall be kept as per format given in Inspection Sheet in Annex 8

Construction material containing fine particles shall be stored in an enclosure such thatsediment-laden water does not drain into nearby watercourses. Site Contractor CR- Site engineer and

Executive Engineer,In sections along water courses and close to cross drainage channels, earth, stone or anyother construction material shall be properly disposed so as not to block the flow of water. Site Contractor CR- Site engineer and

Executive Engineer,


18

Environmental Audit of Kurla-Thane Serene Environmental Services5th and 6 th Rail Line Project

TABLE 5.2 Cont.Environmental EHS Mitigation Measures Responsibility **Impact.

.mpact Implementation SupervisionEcological impacts All works shall be carried out in such a fashion that damage to flora is minimum CR- Dy. Chiefsuch as tree cutting CR - Site Engineer with Engineerand destruction of contractor (Construction)mangroves Track - side plantation shall be done as per the Tree cutting permission from Tree Officer.

Tree and track side plantation to be done after conducting a detailed survey of the entire CR - Site Engineer with CR- Dy. ChiefKurla-Thane railway corridor. This survey is needed since there are very little railway land contractor Engineeravailable in the rail corridor for track-side and other plantation. The survey should also (Construction)consider opportunities for noise mitigation at sensitive receptors.

Soil erosion On road/track embankments, slopes shall be stabilized. The work shall consist of measures CR- Dy. Chiefas per design, or as directed by the engineer to control soil erosion, sedimentation and water CR - Site Engineer with Engineerpollution, through use of berms, dikes, sediment basin, mulches, grasses and other devices. contractor (Construction)

Debris disposal Debris generated due to dismantling of existing structures shall be suitably reused in CR- Site engineerproposed construction. Un-utilised debris shall be suitably disposed either as fill material or Site Contractor and Executiveat pre-designated dump locations, approved by engineer. Care should be taken that the Engineer,material does not block natural drainage or contaminate water bodies.All tenders for contract have been issued and it may not be practical for CR to trackdebris disposal outside railway land by the contractors. However, a check can bekept by CR as recommended In the EMP, by regular Inspections. For the currentproject, contractors should ensure adequate management of debris,which should be checked by CR as per the inspection sheet in Annex8.

For future projects a procedure for debris disposal should be prepared and made apart of the tender documents.Slurry or similar debris generated from pile driving or other construction activities shall be CR- Site engineerdisposed such that it does not flow into surface water bodies or form mud puddles in the Site Contractor and Executivearea. Engineer,

Soil contamination Oil and fuel spills from construction equipment shall be minimized by good O&M practices. CR- Site engineerby construction Soils contaminated by such spills shall be disposed as per MOEF requirements. Site Contractor and Executivewastes, fuel etc. Engineer,Land degradation in Sand and stones shall be sourced from only and licensed quarries. Documentation such asquarry area. quarry release receipt issued by the District Revenue officer at the quarry site to be available

at construction site.


19

Environmental Audit of Kurla-Thane Serene Environmental Services5th and 6th Rail Line Project

TABLE 5.2 Cont.Environmental Impact EHS Mitigation Measures Responsibility **

Implementation SupervisionHealth and hygiene at Construction labour camps shall be located away from the nearest CR- Site engineer andconstruction labour camps habitation to avoid conflicts and stress over infrastructure facilities. Site Contractor Executive Engineer,Health and hygiene atconstruction labour camps The contractor will provide, erect and maintain necessary (temporary) living CR- Site engineer and

accommodation and ancillary facilities such as toilet blocks, potable water Site Contractor Executive Engineer,supply etc. for labour as per the sfandards set by various labour Act.These requirements are also present in General Conditions (No.59) of railways along with every related tender.On completion of the works, all temporary structures shall be cleared away CR- Site engineer andalong with all wastes. All excreta and other disposal pits should be filled in Site Contractor Executive Engineer,and effectively sealed. The site should be left clean and tidy to thesatisfaction of the engineer. This is a requirement of the existingGeneral Tender Conditions (No. 40)

Delays and congestion on The construction plan shall be discussed in advance with Central Railway CR- Site engineer andtracks Authorities to avoid delays in existing train schedules. Site Contractor Executive Engineer,

Traffic Control and Safety The contractor shall take all necessary measures for the safety of existing CR- Site engineer andtrain traffic during construction and provide, erect and maintain such Site Contractor Executive Engineer,barricades, including signs, markings, flags, lights and flagmen as may berequired by the engineer for the information and protection of traffic. Allsuch measures should as per requirement of Westem Railway. Specialconsideration shall be given in preparation of traffic control plan to the safetyof pedestrians (at railway crossings) and workers at night.These are existing tender conditions (See Annex 7)

Occupational Health and The contractor is required to comply with all the precautions as required for CR- Site engineer andSafety the safety of workmen. i Site Contractor Executive Engineer,

Safety requirements are specified in Tender documents. (SeeAnnex 7)Adequate precautions shall be taken to prevent danger from electrical CR- Site engineer andequipment. All machines/equipment used shall confirm to the relevant Site Contractor Executive Engineer,Indian Standards (IS) codes and shall be regularly inspected by theengineer.


20


TABLE 5.2 Cont.

Environmental Impact EHS Mitigation Measures Responsibility_____________________ _ __________________________ Implementation SupervisionA readily available first aid unit including an adequate supply of CR- Site engineer andsterilized dressing material and appliances shall be provided as per the Site Contractor Executive Engineer,requirements under the Factory Act.This is an existing tender condition (Annex 7)All anti-malarial measures as prescribed by the engineer shall be CR- Site engineer andcomplied with, including filling up of burrow pits. Site Contractor Executive Engineer,Provision of medical facilities on site (with respect to workerstrength) is a requirement of General Conditions of Contract

,(Condition No. 59).


21


TABLE 5.3 EHS MITIGATION MEASURES (OPERATION STAGE)

Environmental EHS Mitigation Measures Current Status Responsibility **Impact Implementation SupervisionNoise pollution Monitoring of noise levels at sensitive receptors as per Operation of the line is not yet CR- Dy. Chief

monitoring plan. started. CR - Site Engineer Engineerwith contractor (Construction)

Land and water Contingency plans to be in place for spill clean-up. No contingency plan available.contamination from Contingency plan needs to be made for the entire District District Collector MMRDAaccidental spills from by the District Collector. Emergency situations will need agoods trains. combined response from many agencies and a specific

plan as a part of this project is not envisaged.Rail traffic and safety Unauthorised building development to be checked. Slum Boundary walls are being constructed CR- Dy. Chief

encroachments to be discouraged. at important locations to check CR - Site Engineer Engineerencroachments. with contractor (Construction)

Surveillance along railway boundary to be increased to________________ check encroachment and breach of boundary wall.Loss of plantation. Regular maintenance of the mandatory track-side and Plantation will be done for various CR- Dy. Chief

other plantation should be done. sections of the route, as per the Tree CR - Site Engineer EngineerFelling Permissions. with contractor (Construction)

Monitoring of plantation to be done as per Annex 10and procedure in Section 6.1. 1 _


22

Environmental Audit of Kurda - Thane Serene Environmental Servicesdh and eh Rail Line Project.

6.0 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting

Ste visits and interviews have revealed the following facts related to environmentalmanagement organisation:

* In the consolidated EA report for MUTP, MRVC was reported to be the ProjectImplementation Agency (PIA). However, Central Railway (CR) is the PIA for this project.MRVC is the coordinating agency to facilitate communication between MMRDA and CR.

* Environmental monitoring is currently not required to be done by the contractors. Apartfrom periodic general inspections, currently there is no feedback mechanism for EHSelements of the project.

6.1 Environmental Monitoring Program

The main objectives of a monitoring program are:

* To evaluate the effectiveness of the mitigation measures during the construction andoperation phases.

* To satisfy the legal and community obligations* To respond to the unanticipated environmental issues at an early stage and to verify the

accuracy of environmental impact prediction.

The monitoring of R&R components is being covered separately as a part of another study.The critical components that need monitoring during construction and operation stages of theproject include:

a. Ambient noise levels during construction stageb. Ambient noise levels during operating stagec. Ambient air quality during construction staged. EHS mitigation measures as given in Tables 5.1 to 5.3 during operation and construction

phases.e. Tracking of tree plantation and survival rates

Comprehensive periodic site inspection programs for EHS elements and a regularenvironmental monitoring program will best achieve the objectives of monitoring describedabove for this project. This is covered in Section below.

6.1.1 EMP Monitoring and Reporting during Construction Phase

6.1.1.1 Ambient Air and Noise Monitoring

Ambient air and noise monitoring shall be done at locations with possibility of adverse impactsdue to construction activity. The construction is being done in phases and hence care shouldbe taken that monitoring is carried out during the construction phase at the identified location.Monitoring shall be done by a pre-approved monitoring agerecy. Seasonal reports shall be

23

Environmental Audit of Kurta - Thane Serene Environmental Services5 'h and 61h Rail Line Project.

sent along with the site inspection sheet as mentioned ahead. The program for monitoring isgiven in Table 6 below:

Table 6 Monitoring During Construction Phase.Component Parameters Locations Duration Frequency ResponsibilityAmbient Air S02, NOx, * Construction 24 hr average Once every PIA through

SPM, RPM site at Vidya sample for 2 season extemalVihar Station. consecutive (Summer, agency.

At residential days a week for Winter, Post-location near 2 weeks. monsoon),Kanjur Marg during theStation ' near constructionearthworking period.stretch.

* At residentialcomplex nextto drain shiftingsite betweenVidyavihar and.Ghatkoparstation.

Noise levels Leq (day) Same as above -- Continuous 24 Once every PIA throughand Leq hour reading season. extemal(night) with a agency

frequency of 10minutes for 2non-consecutivedays per weekfor 2 weeks.

6.1.1.2 Monitoring of EHS mitigation measures implementation

In the context of Railway projects of MUTP, an effective inspection program will go a longway to assure implementation of various EHS mitigation measures for this project. Theinspection program needs to be dove-tailed into existing programs followed by CR and theparameters for inspection, inspection schedules etc. need to be clearly defined. The existinginstitutional arrangement mentioned in Section 6.3 ahead will be adequate for themonitoring program. The EHS parameters to be monitored depend upon factors such as:

* EHS components affected

* Construction schedule of the project

* Environmental Mitigation measures suggested

Currently there is no inspection schedule for environmental issues at the construction site.The following program and procedure is suggested for effective monitoring of EHSimplementation for this project:

24

Environmental Audit of Kurla - Thane Serene Environmental Servicesdh and 6 h Rail Line Project

a. Monthly inspection pmrgram by CR for all project construction sites. Theinspection will be carded out by Executive Engineer (EE) In-charge of theconstruction site, or his representative. The format for inspection will be as perAnnex 8. The inspection will be caried out during the entire period ofconstruction activity Including before start of construction and Immediately afterconstruction is complete.

The completed inspection checklist shall be submitted by the concemed EE to theChief Engineer (WR). Corrective action plan with time frame for Implementation forany non-compliance to be also submifted.

(Separate checklists need to be filled in for separate works. However, a group ofsimilar activities could be Inspected using the same checklist. E.g.- Findings ofinspection of construction of station building, FOB, platform extension work at astation could be entered in the same checklist).

b. All site contractors to maintain log books and other documentation specified inAnnex 9.

c. Copy of the completed monthly inspection checklist along with the environmentalmonitoring report should be sent by the Chief Engineer (WR) to MRVC for onwardsubmission to MMRDA every month for review. The inspection checklist for amonth along with the corrective action plan, If any, shall reach MMRDA no laterthan the le day of the next month.

d. MMRDA to carry out Independent 3- party Inspection of varous construction sites(the sample sites Indicated In this report could be visited at a minimum) everyquarter during the construction activity and also after construction is completed toassess any residual environmental Impact, A Project Management Consultant(PMC) should be appointed for this purpose by MMRDA. Review checklist given InAnnex 8 could be used for this purpose.

6.1.2 EMP Monitorina and Reporting durina Operation Phase

Operation phase monitoring for this project is required mainly for the following:

* Ambient noise levels to determine baseline levels and track improvements accrued due toimplementation of source noise reduction. Ambient air montoring is not suggested sincethe operation will not contribute to air pollution (Electricity driven trains). Also no impactsduring operation stage expected on water quality and soil quality.

* Health and survival rates of the compensatory and other plantation done by CR.* Monitoring of Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R) sites for the people displaced due to

the project. This will be done as a separate exercise not covered in this audit report.

The monitoring program suggested is given in Table 7 below:

25

Environmental Audit of Kurla - Thane Serene Environmental Serviceseh and eh Rail Line Project.

Table 7 Monitoring Program During Operation Phase.

Compone Parameters Locations Duration Frequency ResponsibilityntNoise Leq (day) * At residential Continuous Once every PIA throughlevels and Leq location 200 m 24 hour season external

(night) north of reading with (Summer, agencyVidyavihar afrqec Wit,Potstation, facing ,upcoming rail of 10 minutes monsoon).tracks. for 2 non-

consecutive* At residential days per

area near new week for 2plafform wconstructed at weeks.Thane station.

* At residentialarea 200 msouth ofThane station.behind therailwayboundary walland also infront of thewall,

U

. Tree As per At plantation _ 6-monthly forplantation Format in locations 3 years.survival Annex 10rates.

26

Environmental Audit of Kurla - Thane Serene Environmental Services5th and 6h Rail Line Project.

6.2 INSTITUTIONAL SETUPThe construction activities of the project are being implemented by CR. The existing organisationalstructure of Railways for construction and operation phases are given below in Figures 2.1 and2.2.

FIGURE 2.1 EXISTING ORGANISATION FRAMEWORK FOR CENTRAL RAILWAY(Kuria - Thane 5th and 6th Line) - Construction Phase

World BankkMD -peAe

MRVC -Coordinating Agency

Chief Engineer (CR) -Construction

Executive Engineer Executive Engineer(Phase 1) (Phase 2)Kurla to Bhandup Bhandup to Thane

Site In-charge Site In-charge

Contractors Contractors

27

Environmental Audit of Kurla - Thane Serene Environmental Services5 h and eh Rail Line Project.

FIGURE 2.2 EXISTING ORGANISATION FRAMEWORK FOR CENTRAL RAILWAY(Kurla - Thane 5th and 6th Line) - Operation Phase

World Bank

MRVC - Coordinating Agency

Chief Engineer (CR) -Construction

Executive Engineer Executive Engineer(Phase 1) (Phase 2)Kurla to Bhandup Bhandup to Thane

Assistant AssistantEngineers Engineers

In the consolidated EA report for MUTP, it was envisaged that the monitoring and reportingprocess for mitigation measures during construction should initiate from the contractor at thelowest rung who will report to the Project Implementation Agency (PIA) through the ProjectManagement Consultant (PMC). PMC should be appointed for periodic 3i party review of theEHS elements for the remaining construction phase of the project (About 10 % constructionwork is completed)

28

Environmental Audit of Kuria - Thane Serene Environmental Services5h and 6h Rail Line Project.

6.2.1 Institutional Strengthening

For carrying out regular inspection for the EHS elements, the CR staff needs training forappreciation of various EHS elements. The training program proposed is given in Table 8below:

Table 8. Training Program for Institutional Strengthening

Module Topic and Contents Duration1 Environmental Awareness Class Room

Appreciation of Environment, Health and Safety Training of 1issues - Fundamentals of Air Prollution, Noise, dayWater Pollution, Solid and Hazardous Wastesgeneration and handling etc.

2 Environmental Impact Assessment Class RoormEIA fundamentals. Consequences of adverse Training of 1environmental - impacts on various ecosystems. dayTypical environmental impacts of railway projects

3 Environmental Legislation Class RoomIndian Environmental Laws and their application to Training of 1/2Railway Projects. day

4 EHS Management System Class RoomComponents of EHS Management System in Training of 1/2general and as applicable to Railway projects. dayMethodology of environmental monitoring for airquality, noise etc. Site visit to any

one .railwayEnvironmental monitoring and inspection programs constructionas suggested in this report should be discussed. site for

appreciation ifReview of existing tender conditions and its vanousmodification to include EHS elements for better EHS environmentalmanagement. components.

1(1/2 day)

The training should be provided at a minimum to the following personnel:* Deputy Chief Engineers (Construction)* Central Railway Site In-charge of various construction sites* Contractor Site In-charge of various construction sites.

1 training program of 4 days as given above should be conducted every quarter to cover allconcemed CR staff. The training program can also be integrated into the CR induction-training program.

Visits to country's having similar railway projects and with established and demonstrated EHSManagement System, including demonstrated measures for noise attenuation could be visitedby concerned officials of CR. This will help tremendously in increasing awareness with WRand improve technical skills for EHS management.

29

Environmental Audit of Kurda - Thane Serene Environmental Services5 h and eh Rail Line Project.

6.3 Estimated Cost of EMP ImplementationAs seen in the Tables 5.1 to 5.3, several EHS elements are already included in the currentconstruction operation. Costs for these measures are already included in the project cost.These components include provision of safety barriers and other safety measures, utilityrelocation, dust suppression by road watering, 2m boundary walls along tracks, compensatoryplantation of trees etc. Costs for additional EMPs not included in the project costs are givenbelow in Table 9.

Table 9 Cost of EMP ImplementationComponent Unit cost (Rs) Units Total Cost (Rs)EnvironmentalMonitoring(ConstructionPhase)Air Quality 2500 per sample 12 samples per season x 90000

3 seasons = 36 samplesNoise Levels (Leq 2000 per 24-hr Leq 12 samples per season x 72000day and night) (1 sample) 3 seasons = 36 samples

EnvironmentalMonitoring(Operation Phase)Noise Levels (Leq 2000 per 24-hr Leq 16 samples per season x 96000day and night) (1 sample) 3 seasons = 48 samplesTree and mangrove 15000 per survey 1 survey every 6 months 90000plantation survival for 3 years = 6 surveysrates.

Survey and Lump sum Lump sum 100000preparation oftrack-side andother plantationplan in railwaycorridor. .Training Program 40000 per program 4 programs per year 160000

of 4 days each.Visit abroad to 200000 per person 5 persons 1000000Railway Project sitewith demonstratedMeasures forEnvironmentalProtection andestablished EHSManagement Systemincluding noiseattenuation.Total Cost 1608000

30

Environmental Audit of Kurta - Thane Serene Environmental Services5th and eh Rail Line Project

ANNEX-1A

TERMS OF REFERENCE

3 SCOPE OF WORK:

The Consultant should closely work with the staff of MMROA and Mumbai RailVikas Corporation (MRVC) in the conduct of this assignment. The specific tasksfor the four Railway projects are outlined below:

3.1 To perform cenviroiinilet audit for Borivali - Virar Quadruplinig cfrailway line (26.0 krn)

3 1 1 Micro Level Environrimental Assessment (MLEA) has been carrie;l out for Borivali-Virar Quadrupling of Railway line as part of the Environmental Assessiienit ofMUTP. The project hlas now been commenced and land acquisition completedfor 4 ha out of 38 ha of the land required to be acquired. The earthwork of upto45% has already been completed The work on two minajor hriiiges on Vasaicreek hlas staited and work on 3 othler major bridges is nlso in progress. Illcminor bridges hlave been comipleted. Physical progress to .he tune of 16% hasbeen achieved in respect of the project.

3.1 .2 The aim of the audit will be to:

- verify the implenientation of EMP delineated in the MLEA. The mitigationmeasures for minimizing the adverse impacts due to tree felling, waterpollution, erosion and dust generation, flora and fauna, constructi6h in drainsand waterways, alternation in drainage pattern, and provision of adequatecross-drainage structures, etc. need to be documeilted

- recommenid thie ways for retrofitting the mitigation measures into ongoingconstruction activities so tthat the EMP could be made operational duringconstructionl activities.

- assess whether any further environmental nmitigation measuIres are requiredbased on completed and planned works, if any.

- suggest imnproveilenits in tthe implemiientation of Environmental Managementplan in future activities, if required.

3.1.3 Detailed scope of work will be as follows

Task 1: Previous outputs and studies

The consultant should familiarize himself with the following studies

- MLEA report of Borivali-Virar Quadrupling project preparecl by MontqomervWatson Consultanits, Mumbai;

- Final report on Environmental Assessment for the MUT7- proqnct prepared byMontgomiery Watson Consultants, Mumbai;

- Project Design Report prepared by MRVC;

- Engineering Desigil Report and Techno-econiomiiic Fe?s;bi t'; Repct

MUMBAI URBAN rRANSPORT PROJECT

TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CARRYING OUT ENVORONMENTALASSESSMENTI AUDITING OF RAILWAY PROJECTS

ASSIGNMENT:

The purpose of this assignment is to assist Mumbai Metropolitan RegionDevelopment Authority (MMRDA) in carrying out an environmental audit ofvarious ongoing railways projects to determine how environmental issues, if any,can be addressed at this stage Of proiec' implementation.

2 BACKGROUND:

2.1 MMRDA had appointed Montgomery-VVatson Consultants (India) Pvt. Ltd. toundertake the preparation of the Environmental Assessment (EA) for the MUTP.This EA process resulted in the preparation of Sectoral-Level EnvironmentalAssessment (SLEA), Programmatic Level Environmental Assessment (PLEA)and Micro-Level Environmental Assessment (MLEA). The SLEA was a strategicdocument, the PLEAs were prepared for small generic sub-projects like flyovers,ROBs and RUBs while MLEAs were prepared for larger sub-projects like road.widening and extensions. This study was undertaken between 1996 and 1998and resulted in several outputs including a synthesized final report.

2.2 Consequently, almost all of these railway projects except DC to AC conversionhave been started and are in ;.-;ry,ng stages of implementation. As theconstruction work of the project is a:ieady underway, consultants shiould assessthe current and residual requirements of environmental management practice.Environimlental studies, which have beer carried out for railway projects, are asu:lder:

a) Report of MLEA of Borivali-Virar Quadrupling prepared by Montgomery-Watson Consultants (India) Pvt. Ltd in 1998,

b) Report of Initial Environmental Examination for Thane- Kuria 5th and 6th linesprepared by MMRDA in 2000-01.

The Consultant should use the.,e reports as the basis to carry out the proposedenvironmental audit.

2.3 Some of the p,,rojects may a!s^ -!vej co'ts!ruction in areas, whic.h re classifiedas restricted areas under C::astal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Rules. Hence,permission needs to be ob-:ined under CRZ Rules from the Ministry ofEnvironinent and Forests, Gov:.rnrne:-.t of india for sucIh projects.

Task 2: Review Environmental Monitoring Data

Consultant m1ust visit the project site and observe any significant changes,if any since 1998 in environmental data to capture possible chaniges intIre ground and corroborate the changes fromil available secondary datawitlh possible imiiplicationis on environimt1ental manaqement plans.

Task 3: EMP Implementation

Consultant sliould undertake site visits to Construction sites to clheckstatlus of implementation of environmental mitigation measures asproposed in the Environmental Management Plan of MLEA report for thealready comiipleted and planned works

Consultanit sliould outline in a tabulated format the EMP proposed and itsstatLus of imiiplemlenitation

Consultanits shiould suggest improvements in thie imlplemiienitation ofEnvironmental Management Plan for completed and plainned activities, ifany based on the significant chaniges observed in the environimlaentalbaseline data.

Tihe EMPs and their irnplei.pentation plans stnould be prepared inconsultation and agreemi ent withi the MRVC arid othr'l coniceined;: 'genllces.

Task 4: CRZ Regtilation

1 The consultant should assist the MRVC in preparation of Application Formatunder CRZ Rules based on the available secondary inforination fromil MLEAarci Project Designi report arid otlier backgrouLn(d studies ConrsuIt;rnt shiouldassist MRVC in obtaining CRZ clearance from01 Ministry of Enviironment andForests, Governmiient of India for the proposed project.

Task 5: Environmental Audit Report

- Prepare Environmental Audit report based on the above tasks, incorporatingupdated Eiivironimiental Management Plan, in case any significarit impactsfor various environmental parameters are observed.

3.2 - To perfcrim Enivironmental Audit for laying of Santacruz anid Borivali5thi line (17.80 Km)

3 2. Ttle prcject at Santacruz-Borivali 5th line has achieved 90%0 overall progress arida 4.92 Klni long section between Santacruz-Andlieri hias been already opened torail pas-senger traffic. Land acquisition has been com1pleted Other civile

World Bank Document...Sector 17, Vashi, Navi Mumbai 400705 Telefax -7896926 E Ma;l...

Documents

Transcript of World Bank Document...Sector 17, Vashi, Navi Mumbai 400705 Telefax -7896926 E Ma;l...