Visual Basic 1

Ana G. Mendez University System

School for Professional Studies

Florida Campuses

Universidad del Turabo, Universidad Metropolitana, Universidad del Este

Visual Basic

Jesús Ríos

Cois 350-Taller # 1

María Cecilia Sevillano

4-14-2011

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An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite list of well-defined instructions

for calculating a function. Algorithms are used for calculation, data processing, and automated

reasoning.

Starting from an initial state and initial input (perhaps null), the instructions describe a

computation that, when executed, will proceed through a finite number of well-defined

successive states, eventually producing "output" and terminating at a final ending state. The

transition from one state to the next is not necessarily deterministic; some algorithms, known as

randomized algorithms, incorporate random input.

Algorithms are essential to the way computers process data. Many computer programs

contain algorithms that specify the specific instructions a computer should perform (in a specific

order) to carry out a specified task, such as calculating employees' paychecks or printing

Flow chart of an algorithm (Euclid's

algorithm) for calculating the greatest

common divisor (g.c.d.) of two numbers

a and b in locations named A and B. The

algorithm proceeds by successive

subtractions in two loops: IF the test B ≤

A yields "yes" (or true) (more accurately

the number b in location B is less than

or equal to the number a in location A)

THEN the algorithm specifies B ← B - A

(meaning the number b - a replaces the

old b). Similarly IF A > B THEN A ← A - B.

The process terminates when (the

contents of) B is 0, yielding the g.c.d. in

A.

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students' report cards. Thus, an algorithm can be considered to be any sequence of operations

that can be simulated by a Turing-complete system.

Computer programming is the iterative process of writing or editing source code.

Editing source code involves testing, analyzing, and refining, and sometimes coordinating with

other programmers on a jointly developed program. A person who practices this skill is referred

to as a computer programmer, software developer or coder.

A programming language is an artificial language designed to express computations

that can be performed by a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be

used to create programs that control the behavior of a machine, to express algorithms precisely,

or as a mode of human communication.

The earliest programming languages predate the invention of the computer, and were

used to direct the behavior of machines such as Jacquard looms and player pianos. Thousands of

different programming languages have been created, mainly in the computer field, with many

more being created every year. Most programming languages describe computation in an

imperative style, i.e., as a sequence of commands, although some languages, such as those that

support functional programming or logic programming, use alternative forms of description.

A programming language is usually split into the two components of syntax (form) and

semantics (meaning) and many programming languages have some kind of written specification

of their syntax and/or semantics. Some languages are defined by a specification document, for

example, the C programming language is specified by an ISO Standard, while other languages,

such as Perl, have a dominant implementation that is used as a reference.

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Hardware is a general term for the physical artifacts

of a technology. It may also mean the physical

components of a computer system, in the form

of computer hardware. Hardware historically meant the metal parts and

fittings that were used to make wooden products stronger, more functional, longer lasting and

easier to fabricate or assemble.

Modern hardware stores typically sell equipment such as keys, locks, hinges, latches,

corners, handles, wire, chains, plumbing supplies, tools, utensils, cutlery and machine parts,

especially when they are made of metal.

System software is computer software designed to operate the computer hardware and to

provide a platform for running application software.

The most basic types of system software are:

- The computer BIOS and device firmware, which provide basic functionality to operate and

control the hardware connected to or built into the computer.

- The operating system (prominent examples being Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X and Linux),

which allows the parts of a computer to work together by performing tasks like transferring data

between memory and disks or rendering output onto a display device. It also provides a platform

to run high-level system software and application software.

- Utility software, which helps to analyze, configure, optimize and maintain the computer.

System software helps use the operating system and computer system. It includes diagnostic

tools, compilers, servers, windowing systems, utilities, language translator, data communication

programs, database systems and more. The purpose of system software is to insulate the

applications programmer as much as possible from the complexity and specific details of the

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particular computer being used, especially memory and other hardware features, and such

accessory devices as communications, printers, readers, displays, keyboards, etc.

A compiler is a computer program (or set of programs)

that transforms source code written in a programming

language (the source language) into another computer

language (the target language, often having a binary

form known as object code). The most common reason

for wanting to transform source code is to create an

executable program.

The name "compiler" is primarily used for programs that translate source code from a

high-level programming language to a lower level language (e.g., assembly language or machine

code). If the compiled program can run on a computer whose CPU or operating system is

different from the one on which the compiler runs, the compiler is known as a cross-compiler. A

program that translates from a low level language to a higher level one is a decompiler. A

program that translates between high-level languages is usually called a language translator,

source to source translator, or language converter. A language rewriter is usually a program that

translates the form of expressions without a change of language.

A compiler is likely to perform many or all of the following operations: lexical analysis,

preprocessing, parsing, semantic analysis (Syntax-directed translation), code generation, and

code optimization.

Logic is the formal systematic study of the principles of valid inference and correct

reasoning. Logic is used in most intellectual activities, but is studied primarily in the disciplines

of mathematics, semantics, and computer science. Logic examines general forms which

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arguments may take, which forms are valid, and which are fallacies. In mathematics, it is the

study of valid inferences within some formal language. Logic is also studied in argumentation

theory.

Logic was studied in several ancient civilizations, including India,[4]

China[5]

and Greece. Logic

was established as a discipline by Aristotle, who gave it a fundamental place in philosophy.

Logic is often divided into two parts, inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning.

The concept of logical form is central to logic, it being held that the validity of an

argument is determined by its logical form, not by its content. Traditional Aristotelian syllogistic

logic and modern symbolic logic are examples of formal logics.

Informal logic is the study of natural language arguments. The study of fallacies is an

especially important branch of informal logic. The dialogues of Plato] are good examples of

informal logic.

Formal logic is the study of inference with purely formal content. An inference possesses

a purely formal content if it can be expressed as a particular application of a wholly abstract rule,

that is, a rule that is not about any particular thing or property. The works of Aristotle contain the

earliest known formal study of logic. Modern formal logic follows and expands on Aristotle.[7]

In

many definitions of logic, logical inference and inference with purely formal content are the

same. This does not render the notion of informal logic vacuous, because no formal logic

captures all of the nuance of natural language.

A syntax error refers to an error in the syntax of a sequence of characters or tokens that

is intended to be written in a particular programming language.

For compiled languages syntax errors occur strictly at compile-time. A program will not

compile until all syntax errors are corrected. For interpreted languages, however, not all syntax

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errors can be reliably detected until runtime, and it is not necessarily simple to differentiate a

syntax error from a semantic error; many don't try at all.

A syntax error may also occur when an invalid equation is entered into a calculator. This can be

caused, for instance, by opening brackets without closing them, or less commonly, entering

several decimal points in one number.

Evolution of Visual Basic VB.VB 1.0 was introduced in 1991. The drag and drop design

for creating the user interface is derived from a prototype form generator developed by Alan

Cooper and his company called ''Tripod''. Microsoft contracted with Cooper and his associates to

develop Tripod into a programmable form system for Windows 3.0, under the code name ''Ruby''

(no relation to the Ruby (programming language)|Ruby programming language).

Tripod did not include a programming language at all. Microsoft decided to combine Ruby with

the Basic language to create Visual Basic.

The Ruby interface generator provided the "visual" part of Visual Basic and this was

combined with the "EB" Embedded BASIC engine designed for Microsoft's abandoned "Omega"

database system. Ruby also provided the ability to load dynamic-link library/dynamic link

libraries containing additional controls (then called "gizmos"), which later became the Visual

Basic Extension|VBX interface cite web

url=http://www.forestmoon.com/BIRTHofVB/BIRTHofVB.html| title = The Birth of Visual

Basic}}.

Timeline of Visual Basic VB1 to VB6

* Project 'Thunder' was initiated

* Visual Basic 1.0 (May 1991 was released for Windows at the Comdex/Windows World trade

show in Atlanta, Georgia.

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Image:VBDOS-icon.PNG|right|VB DOS Logo

Image:Microsoft Visual Basic for MS-DOS (Professional Edition

Version1.00).png|thumb|right|300px|Visual Basic for MS-DOS

* Visual Basic 1.0 for DOS was released in September 1992. The language itself was not quite

compatible with Visual Basic for Windows, as it was actually the next version of Microsoft's

DOS-based BASIC compilers, QuickBasic and BASIC Professional Development System. The

interface used the Character Oriented Windows|"COW" (Character Oriented Windows) interface,

using extended ASCII characters to simulate the appearance of a Graphical user interface|GUI.

* Visual Basic 2.0 was released in November 1992. The programming environment was easier to

use, and its speed was improved. Notably, forms became instantiable objects, thus laying the

foundational concepts of class modules as were later offered in VB4.

* Visual Basic 3.0 was released in the summer of 1993 and came in Standard and Professional

versions. VB3 included version 1.1 of the Microsoft Jet Database Engine that could read and

write Jet or Access 1.x databases.

* Visual Basic 4.0 August 1995 was the first version that could create 32-bit as well as 16-

bitWindows programs. It also introduced the ability to write non-GUI classes in Visual Basic.

Incompatibilities between different releases of VB4 caused installation and operation problems.

While previous versions of Visual Basic had used VBX controls, Visual Basic now used OLE

controls with files names ending in .OCX instead. These were later to be named ActiveX

controls.

* With version 5.0 February 1997, Microsoft released Visual Basic exclusively for 32-bit

versions of Windows. Programmers who preferred to write 16-bit programs were able to import

programs written in Visual Basic 4.0 to Visual Basic 5.0, and Visual Basic 5.0 programs can

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easily be converted with Visual Basic 4.0. Visual Basic 5.0 also introduced the ability to create

custom user controls, as well as the ability to compile to native Windows executable code,

speeding up calculation-intensive code execution. A free, downloadable Control Creation Edition

was also released for creation of ActiveX|ActiveX controls. It was also used as an introductory

form of Visual Basic: a regular .exe project could be created and run in the IDE, but not

compiled.

* Visual Basic 6.0 Mid 1998 improved in a number of areas cite web|

url=http://www.insteptech.com/techLibrary/vbClassic/vb6_news.htm| title = What's new in

VB6? | www.insteptech.com | publisher = www.insteptech.com | author = www.insteptech.com |

year 2005-07-22 including the ability to create web-based applications. VB6 has entered

Microsoft's "non-supported phase" as of March [[2008]]. Although the Visual Basic 6.0

development environment is no longer supported, the runtime is supported on Windows Vista,

Windows Server 2008 and Windows 7 [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/vbrun/ms788708.aspx

Support Statement for Visual Basic 6.0 on Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008 and Windows

7.

* Mainstream Support for Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 ended on March 31, 2005.

Extended support ended in March 2008.http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/vbrun/ms788707.aspx

Product Family Life Cycle Guidelines for Visual Basic 6.0 In response, the Visual Basic user

community expressed its grave concern and lobbied users to sign a petition to keep the product

alive.[http://www.classicvb.org/petition/ Petition to Microsoft] Microsoft has so far refused to

change their position on the matter. (but see {{cite web| url=

http://www.infoq.com/news/2009/03/vb6_on_win7 |title = Visual Basic 6.0 to be Supported on

Windows 7| InfoQ | accessdate = 2009-03-05| publisher = The Register| author = Al Tenhundfeld

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| year 2009-03-04 Ironically, around this time 2005, it was exposed that Microsoft's new anti-

spyware offering, [[Windows Defender|Microsoft AntiSpyware]] (part of the GIANT Company

Software purchase, was coded in Visual Basic 6.0.{{cite web|

url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2005/07/22/microsoft_spyware_vb6/| title = MS Anti-Spyware

built on MS Abandonware | The Register| accessdate = 2006-10-04| publisher = The Register|

author = Andrew Orlowski and Carey Bishop | year = [[2005-07-22]]}}Its replacement,

Windows Defender, was rewritten as C++

code.[http://www.winsupersite.com/reviews/windefender_beta2.asp Paul Thurrott's SuperSite for

Windows: Windows Defender Beta 2 Review]

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File: es un subgrupo donde se almacenan otra serie de iconos o subgrupos, por ejemplo, sabe,

sabe as.., salir, quit, etc.

Toolbox: como su nombre lo dice, es una serie de herramientas necesarias para la creación o

realización de un trabajo.

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Properties: corresponde a las diferentes formas que se darán a los campos: si el valor es

numérico, de cuantos caracteres va a ser el campo, el tamaño de la letra, el color de la letra y del

mismo campo.

Form: es básicamente como es el diseño de la pagina o vista de pantalla que deseamos.

Undo: se utiliza para regresar a la tarea anterior sin necesidad de salvar.

Pseudocode. An outline of a program, written in a form that can easily be converted into real

programming statements. For example, the pseudocode for a bubble sort routine might be

written:

while not at end of list

compare adjacent elements

if second is greater than first

switch them

get next two elements

if elements were switched

repeat for entire list

Pseudocode cannot be compiled nor executed, and there are no real formatting or syntax

rules. It is simply one step - an important one - in producing the final code. The benefit of

pseudocode is that it enables the programmer to concentrate on the algorithms without worrying

about all the syntactic details of a particular programming language. In fact, you can write

pseudocode without even knowing what programming language you will use for the final

implementation.

Algorithms. A formula or set of steps for solving a particular problem. To be an

algorithm, a set of rules must be unambiguous and have a clear stopping point. Algorithms can

be expressed in any language, from natural languages like English or French to programming

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languages like FORTRAN.

For example, a recipe for baking a cake is an algorithm. Most programs, with the

exception of some artificial intelligence applications, consist of algorithms. Inventing elegant

algorithms -- algorithms that are simple and require the fewest steps possible -- is one of the

principal challenges in programming.

A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents an algorithm or process, showing the

steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting these with arrows. This

diagrammatic representation can give a step-by-step solution to a given problem. Process

operations are represented in these boxes, and arrows connecting them represent flow of control.

Data flows are not typically represented in a flowchart, in contrast with data flow diagrams;

rather, they are implied by the sequencing of operations.

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Flowcharts are used in analyzing, designing, documenting or managing a process or

program in various fields

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Anejo E/Appendix E

Programa para práctica de Flowchart y Pseudocódigo

Proceso de Matrícula

Llega el estudiante a la oficina de Admisiones. Llena la solicitud de admisión. Pasa a

la oficina de Asistencia Económica. Solicita la Beca. Si cualifica debe visitar la oficina

de Tesorería y pagar la cuota de admisión. De lo contrario debe solicitar un préstamo.

Le entregan un recibo o copia y termina el proceso.

Proceso de Nómina

1. Pseudocódigo Flowchart

Nombre del estudiante

Llenar solicitud de admisión

Ir oficina Asistencia económica

Solicitar beca no

If estudiante califica, ir al tesorería

Else, solicitar préstamo si

Entregar recibo o copia

Termina proceso

inicio

Recibo o copia

Beca Prestamo

Nombre Estudiante

Fin

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2. Se recogen las hojas de Firmas. Se cuadran y se entran los datos. Si el empleado trabajó

más de 40 horas se paga a $10.30 las horas extra. De lo contrario se paga a $5.15. Se

imprimen los resultados. Termina el proceso.

Pseudocódigo Flowchart

Recoger hojas firmadas

Contar horas trabajadas

IF trabajo más de 40 horas

Pagar a $10.30 hora extra

Else pagar a $5.15 la hora

Pagar salario

Termina proceso

inicio

Fin

Horas trabajadas

Nombre Trabajador

> 40

horas

1hora=$10.30

1hora=$5.15

Pagar salario