Workshop on The Transformation of Science Max Planck Society, Elmau, Germany June 1, 1999 TOWARDS...
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Transcript of Workshop on The Transformation of Science Max Planck Society, Elmau, Germany June 1, 1999 TOWARDS...
Workshop onWorkshop on The Transformation of ScienceThe Transformation of Science
Max Planck Society, Elmau, Germany June 1, Max Planck Society, Elmau, Germany June 1, 19991999
TOWARDS INFORMATIONAL SCIENCETOWARDS INFORMATIONAL SCIENCE Indexing and Analyzing theIndexing and Analyzing the
Knowledge of Scientific CommunitiesKnowledge of Scientific Communities
Bruce R. SchatzCANIS Laboratory
Graduate School of Library and Information ScienceUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
www.canis.uiuc.edu, [email protected]
Informational ScienceInformational Science
Towards the Fourth Branch of Science
Computer Science => Computational Science Information Science => Informational Science Correlation of Knowledge across Sources
Distributed Community Repositories Semantic Indexing of Community Knowledge
Analysis Environments on the Net
Community Repositories in the Interspace
Every Person performs Every Role
USER requestLIBRARIAN referenceINDEXER classifyPUBLISHER qualityAUTHOR generate
The Distributed WorldThe Distributed World
Community SystemsCommunity Systems
browse and share all the knowledge of a community
data results(database management) (electronic mail)
literature news(information retrieval) (bulletin
boards)
knowledge(hypertext annotations)
Formal Informal
Worm Community SystemWorm Community System WCS Information:Literature BIOSIS, MEDLINE, newsletters,
meetings
Data Genes, Maps, Sequences, strains, people
WCS FunctionalityBrowsing search, navigationFiltering selection, analysisSharing linking, publishing
WCS: 250 users at 50 labs across Internet (1991)
WCS
THE THIRD WAVE OF NET EVOLUTIONTHE THIRD WAVE OF NET EVOLUTION
PACKETS
OBJECTS
CONCEPTS
from Objects to Concepts
from Syntax to Semantics
Infrastructure is Interaction with Abstraction
Internet is packet transmission across computers
Interspace is concept navigation across repositories
CONCEPT SPACESCONCEPT SPACES
Technology
Engineering
Electrical
FORMAL
INFORMAL
(manual)
(automatic)
IEEE
communities
groups
individuals
LEVELS OF INDEXESLEVELS OF INDEXES
SCALABLE SEMANTICSSCALABLE SEMANTICS
Automatic indexing Domain-Independent indexing Statistical clustering
Compute Context of
concepts within documents documents within repositories
CROSS-OVERS IN SEMANTIC INDEXINGCROSS-OVERS IN SEMANTIC INDEXING
1992 1993 1995 1996 1998
COMPUTING CONCEPTSCOMPUTING CONCEPTS
‘92: 4,000 (molecular biology)
‘93: 40,000 (molecular biology)
‘95: 400,000 (electrical engineering)
‘96: 4,000,000 (engineering)
‘98: 40,000,000 (medicine)
SIMULATING A NEW WORLDSIMULATING A NEW WORLD Obtain discipline-scale collection
MEDLINE from NLM, 10M bibliographic abstracts human classification: Medical Subject Headings
Partition discipline into Community Repositories 4 core terms per abstract for MeSH classification 32K nodes with core terms (classification tree)
Community is all abstracts classified by core term 40M abstracts containing 280M concepts concept spaces took 2 days on NCSA Origin 2000
Simulating World of Medical Communities 10K repositories with > 1K abstracts (1K w/ > 10K)
COMMUNITY PROCESSINGCOMMUNITY PROCESSING
INTERSPACE NAVIGATIONINTERSPACE NAVIGATION
Semantic Indexes for Community Repositories
Navigating Abstractions within Repository concept space category map
Interactive browsing by Community experts
Interspace Remote Access ClientInterspace Remote Access Client
Navigation in MEDSPACENavigation in MEDSPACE
For a patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis Find a drug that reduces the pain (analgesic) but does not cause stomach (gastrointestinal) bleeding
Choose DomainChoose Domain
Concept SearchConcept Search
Concept NavigationConcept Navigation
Retrieve DocumentRetrieve Document
Navigate DocumentNavigate Document
Retrieve DocumentRetrieve Document
Category MapCategory Map
Category Navigation
Category Navigation
Concept NavigationConcept Navigation
SWITCHINGSWITCHING
In the Interspace…
each Community maintains its own repository
Switching is navigating Across repositories
use your vocabulary to search another specialty
Medicine SessionMedicine Session
Categories and ConceptsCategories and Concepts
Concept SwitchingConcept Switching
Document RetrievalDocument Retrieval
CONCEPT SWITCHINGCONCEPT SWITCHING
“Concept” versus “Term” set of “semantically” equivalent terms
Concept switching region to region (set to set) match
term
Semantic region
Concept SpaceConcept Space
Building Your InterspaceBuilding Your Interspace Gather the Information Sources
external bibliographic and community documents community meta-data and specialty data
Generate the Community Repositories concept spaces (terms) & category maps (documents)
Construct the Analysis Environment concept switching and community links
Evolve Community Interspace concept navigation and object sharing
THE NET OF THE 21st CENTURYTHE NET OF THE 21st CENTURY
Beyond Objects to Concepts Beyond Search to Analysis
Every Community has its own special library Every Community does semantic indexing
Problem Solving via Cross-Correlating
Concepts Across the Interspace
The Zen of the NetThe Zen of the Net