Tsinghua University

Workshop on Strengthening national capacity in

developing countries of Asia to design policies for

improving water and resource use in key industrial sectors：

Policy review and case studies in China

SHI Lei, CONG Wei, LIN Chupei

School of Environment, Tsinghua University

21 February 2019, Bangkok

Tsinghua University

Agenda

➢ Policy review

➢ Scoping of the analysis

➢ Case study 1: textile industry

➢ Case study 2: pulp & paper industry

➢ Conclusion & Policy recommendations

Tsinghua University

Policy review

Timeline of industrial wastewater management in ChinaYear Policy

1956 Temporary Hygienic Standards for the Design of Industrial Enterprises

1959 Standards for Drinking Water Quality

1973The 1st environmental standard – Tentative Standard for industrial

“three wastes” emission

1979the 1st environmental law - Environmental Protection Law of the

People's Republic of China

1984the 1st water-environmental management law - Law on the Prevention

& Control of Water Pollution.

1989 Put forward 3 major principles & 8 management institutions

1996 Revised Law on the Prevention & Control of Water Pollution

2008 Revised Law on the Prevention & Control of Water Pollution

2015 Water pollution prevention action plan (Water Ten).

Tsinghua University

Policy reviewIndustrial wastewater management framework in China

Whole process management !

Factory

Tsinghua University

Why textile industry/pulp & paper industry?

➢ Environmental aspect

• Both are regarded by Water

Ten as top 10 heavy-polluted

industries

• Both are among the top 4

polluters of wastewater and

COD emission

• Textile industry: one of top 4

polluters of ammonia

nitrogen

• Pulp & paper industry:

resource-intensive, high

pollution released

Scoping of the analysis

➢ Economic aspect

• Textile industry: take up 10%

of China’s export value since

2000

• Pulp & paper industry: one of

the basic industries of

China’s national economy

In-depth analysis and case study:

textile industry/pulp & paper industry

Tsinghua University

Policy of wastewater management in textile industry in China

Case study: Textile industry

Tsinghua University

Policy review - National levelYear Name

1992 Discharge standard of water pollutants for dyeing and finishing of textile industry (GB 4287-92)

2005/2011/2013 Guidance catalogue for industrial structure adjustment

2006 Cleaner production assessment index system in dyeing and printing industry (for trial)

2006 Cleaner production standard-Textile industry (dyeing and finishing of cotton) (HJ/T 185-2006)

2007 Code for design of textile industry enterprise (GB 50426-2007)

2007 Code for design of environmental protection facilities of textile industry enterprise (GB 50425-2007)

2007 Cleaner production standard-Chemical fibre industry (spandex) (HJ/T 359-2007)

2008 China social compliance 9000 for textile & apparel industry (CSC9000T)

2008 Entry criteria for printing and dyeing industry

2008 Cleaner production standard-Chemical fibre industry (polyester fibre) (HJ/T 429-2008)

2009 Waste water treatment project technical specification for dyeing and finishing of textile industry (HJ471-2009)

2010 Entry criteria for printing and dyeing industry (revision)

2012 Discharge standard of water pollutants for dyeing and finishing of textile industry (GB 4287-2012)

2012 Discharge standards of water pollutants for bast and leaf fibres textile industry（GB 28938-2012)

2012 Discharge standards of water pollutants for woolen textile industry (GB 28937-2012)

2012 Discharge standards of water pollutants for reeling industry（GB 28936-2012）

2012 Guideline on available technologies of pollution prevention and control for dyeing and finishing of textile industry (on trial) (HJ-BAT-11)

2013 Environmental compliance guidelines on printing and dyeing enterprises

2015 Made in China 2025

2016 Development plan of textile industry

2017 Management methods on pollution discharge permit

2017 Regulation for printing and dyeing industry

Case study: Textile industry

Environmental management in textile industry:

Operational framework

Tsinghua University

Case study: Textile industry

Case study-management framework

Wastewater management framework in textile industry

(from provincial level to industrial park level)

Zhejiang

province

Shaoxing

city

Jiangbin industrial

park

Tsinghua University

Year Name

2006 Measures to create green enterprises

2010 Enterprise credit rating of environmental behavior

2012 Clean water act

2012 Auditing measure on total pollutant admittance in construction projects in Zhejiang province

2013Emission standard of nitrogen and phosphorus for indirect industrial wastewater discharge

(DB 33/887-2013)

2013 Five kinds of water co-treatment directive

2016 Industrial pollution prevention 13th five-year plan

2016 Guideline on pollutant prevention techniques in textile industry

2018Notice on implementing "regional EIA + environmental standards" reform and strengthening

EIA management

2018Implementation plan of the Yangtze River Economic Zone ecological environment

protection plan

Policy review - Provincial level

Case study: Textile industry• Reaction to national policies

• Creative local practice

• Investment: 99.17 billion yuan

(about 15 billion $)

Tsinghua University

Case study: Textile industry

Policy review - Municipal level

➢Ten measures carried out in Shaoxing City

• Stick to environmental entry

• Adopt measurement

comparison method

• Promote equipment

revolution

• Implement industrial

agglomeration

• Pollution emission

monitoring by digital

automatic system

• Strengthen water section

assessment

• Promote upgrading by

ranking

• Encourage circular economy

• Develop social monitoring

• Cooperate with media

Tsinghua University

➢Outcome

• 1000+ backward printing and dyeing cylinders in the

region have been phased out

• Total effluent discharge decreased from 0.9M tons to

0.54M tons.

• Local printing & dyeing enterprises invested 1.3B

yuan, 210 enterprises with built sewage pretreatment

facilities.

• 100+ enterprises use membrane technology recycling

wastewater, recycling rate 40+%.

Case study: Textile industryPolicy review - Municipal level

Tsinghua University

Case study: Textile industry

Case study – textile industrial park

➢ The hierarchical management model

• Enterprise level

• Park level

• Government level

Tsinghua University

(1) Strengths

• Centralized treatment will change the

sewage outlets from “n” to “1”

• Relatively strong robustness

• More professional, less cost

• Guarantee the emission standards.

(2) Weaknesses

• Need monitoring system

• Limited space of the park makes it

impossible to cover a huge number of

enterprises

• Need a good industrial base and strong

support from the government

(3) Opportunities

• Revision of emission standards of the

textile printing and dyeing

• With the support of the government,

the scale of the park has been further

expanded.

• This mode would be further promoted

in other regions.

(4) Threats

• Compulsory on-line monitoring devices

equipment

• The current model is legal but not

policy-compliant

Case study: Textile industry

Case study – SWOT analysis

Tsinghua University

Year Name

1992 Effluent standard for pollutants from pulp and paper industry

2005/2011/2013 Guidance catalogue for industrial structure adjustment

2007 The Policy with Regard to the Paper Industry Development

2008

2017Evaluation Index System of Circular Economy Development

2008 Discharge standard of water pollutants for pulp and paper industry

2009 Circular Economy Promotion Law

2012 Technical specifications for pulp and paper industry wastewater treatment

2013 Notice on Further Strengthening the Accounting Work of Total Emission Reduction Verification in Paper, Printing and Dyeing Industry

2015 Made in China 2025

2015 Water pollution control action plan (Water Ten)

2016 Cleaner production evaluation index system for pulp and paper industry

2016 Negative list of market access (on trial)

2016 Light industry development plan (2016-2020)

2016 Environmental Protection Tax Law

2016 Implementation plan for controlling pollutant discharge permit system

2017 Technical policy for pollution control in paper industry

2017 Self-monitoring technology guidelines for pollution sources - Paper industry

2018 Guideline for available techniques of pollution prevention and control for pulp and paper industry

2018 Technical guidelines of accounting method for pollution source intensity pulp and paper industry

Case study: Pulp and paper industryPolicy review - National level

National People’s Congress

State Council

National Development and

Reform Commission

Ministry of Ecology and Environment

Ministry of Industry and Information

Technology

Environmental Impact Assessment Law

Cleaner Production Promotion Law

Environmental Protection Law

Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution

Overall Rule, Regulation, Plan, and Program

Guidance catalogue for industrial structure adjustmentstructure adjustment

The Policy with Regard to the Paper Industry Development

Notice on Further Strengthening the Accounting Work of Total Emission Reduction Verification in Paper, Printing and Dyeing Industry

Negative list of market access (on trial)

Light industry development plan（2016-2020）

Technical policy for pollution control in paper industry

Self-monitoring technology guidelines for pollution sources — Paper industry

Guideline for available techniques of pollution prevention and control for pulp and paper industry

Technical guidelines of accounting method for pollution source intensity pulp and paper industry

Implementation plan for controlling pollutant discharge permit system

General Office of the State Council

Evaluation Index System of Circular Economy Development

Circular Economy Promotion Law

Cleaner production evaluation index system for pulp and paper industry

Environmental Protection Tax Law

Environmental management in textile industry:

Operational framework

Tsinghua University

➢ OutcomeWastewater discharged per unit product (2005-2015)

59.1454.4954.54

48.5143.79

40.04

34.7231.28

25.2123.3820.16

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Unit

Pro

duct

was

tew

ater

Dis

char

ge

from

Pulp

& P

aper

Indust

ry

(ton/t

on)

Time (year)

Case study: Pulp and paper industryPolicy review - National level

25.74

22.63

20.20

15.33

12.24

9.68

6.745.69

4.71 4.062.85

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015U

nit

Pro

dut

CO

D e

mis

sion f

rom

Pulp

& P

aper

Indust

try

(ton/t

housa

nd t

on)

Time (year)

COD emission per unit product (2005-2015)

Tsinghua University

➢ Example - Shandong Province:

• Performs outstandingly in its development of pulp

& paper industry (27% of the total virgin pulp

produced in China, 2015)

• Devotes to pulp and paper industry wastewater

prevention and control for more than 20 years,

much earlier (in 1996) than any other provinces in

China

Case study: Pulp and paper industryPolicy review - Provincial level

Tsinghua University

Year Name

1996 Notice on the Establishment of Special Funds for Pollution Control in the Pulp & Paper industry and Brewing Industry

1998 Notice on Policies for Supporting Enterprises on Water Pollution Control

2002Phased-Goal Plan for Obviously Improved, Basically Solved and Completely Solved Water Pollution Problem in

Shandong Province

2003 Discharge standard of water pollutants for paper industry

2006 Discharge standard of water pollutants along the South-to-North Water Diversion Project of Shandong Province

2007 Discharge standard of water pollutants in the peninsula of Shandong Province

2009 Guiding Opinions on Adjustment and Revitalization of Paper Industry, Shandong Province (2009-2011)

2011 The Twelfth Five-Year Development Plan for Paper Industry, Shandong Province

2014 Implementation Plan on Paper Industry Transformation and Upgrading, Shandong Province

2016 Made in China 2025 - Shandong Provincial Action Plan

2016 Plan for the Development of Energy-saving and Environmentally-Friendly Industries, Shandong Province (2016-2020)

2016 Guideline on the Development of Key Common Industrial Technology, Shandong Province

2018 Environmental Protection Regulations, Shandong Province (Draft for comments)

2018 Water Pollution Prevention and Control Regulations, Shandong Province

Policy review - Provincial level

Case study: Pulp and paper industry

Tsinghua University

➢ Experiences

• Stricter standards than national level

• Phased control and clear path

• Experience extended to other industries/whole

basin

• Responding to national policies

Stage Period CODCr emission limit

1st Stage before May 1st 2003 450 mg/L

2nd Stage May 1st 2003 - December 31st 2006 420 mg/L

3rd Stage January 1st 2007 - December 31st 2009 300 mg/L

4th Stage After January 1st 2010 120 mg/L

Case study: Pulp and paper industry

Policy review - Provincial level

Tsinghua University

➢Example - Shandong Tranlin Group:

• Largest straw comprehensive utilization

enterprise in the world

• Ranked 20th among all pulp & paper

enterprises in China

• Famous for Tralin Model and cleaner

production practice

Case study: Pulp and paper industry

Case study – enterprise level

Tsinghua University

➢ Tranlin Model: the efficient and

comprehensive utilization of straw

Case study: Pulp and paper industry

Case study – Tranlin model

➢ Cleaner production:

• 2nd audit in 2011: 47 plans,

62M yuan investment.

→ 1.05 million tons of water

saved, 187 tons of COD

emissions reduced.

• 3rd audit in 2016: 21 plans,

10M yuan investment.

→ emission of COD

decreased by 6.46%,

ammonia nitrogen by 22.80%,

wastewater discharged by

4.34%.

Tsinghua University

➢ Experiences

• Differentiation strategy (unbleached paper:

concept of nature)

• Low-cost strategy (geographically, raw material

selection, straw storage network, etc.)

• Technological innovation at appropriate time.

• Risk management (pollution prevention)

• Stakeholder collaboration (government, media,

etc.)

Case study – Tranlin model

Case study: Pulp and paper industry

Tsinghua University

Conclusion & Policy recommendations➢ National level

• Convergence with trend

• Management according to law

• Control pollution step by step

• Integrated actions

• Global supply chain

perspective

➢ Regional level

➢ Adjust measures to local conditions.

• Environmental capacity

• Institutional capacity

➢ Control pollution step by step.

➢ Integrated actions

➢ Industrial park level

• Government planned

industrial park

establishment

• Support infrastructure

construction

• Allow self-organization

• Promote industrial

symbiosis

Tsinghua University

Contact:

SHI Lei 石磊School of Environment, Tsinghua Universityslone@tsinghua.edu.cn+86-10-62796955

Thank you for listening!