Workshop on National Accounts, New Delhi, 6 – 9 July 2009 Prepared by Sharita Serrao Presented by...
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Transcript of Workshop on National Accounts, New Delhi, 6 – 9 July 2009 Prepared by Sharita Serrao Presented by...
Workshop on National Accounts, New Delhi, 6 – 9 July 2009
Prepared by Sharita SerraoPresented by Artur Andrysiak
Statistics Development and Analysis SectionESCAP
E-mail: [email protected]
Interregional Cooperation on the Measurement of Informal Sector &
Informal Employment: The 1-2 Survey Approach
2
Structure of the Presentation
Project background – ‘Interregional Cooperation on the Measurement of the Informal Sector & Informal Employment’
Data Collection Methodology: The 1-2 Survey Approach
The Concept of Household Unincorporated Enterprises with at least some Market Production (HUEMs) & Informal Sector (IS)
Compilation of Output & Value added for HUEMs
3
Project Background
4
Project Facts
Development Account Project: Interregional Cooperation on the Measurement of Informal Sector and Informal Employment
Duration: 2006-2009 Leading agency: ESCAP Implementing agencies: ECLAC, ESCAP, ESCWA Steering Committee: UNSD, Regional Commissions,
ILO, ADB, Delhi Group and WIEGO Country Partners:
ECLAC: Saint Lucia ESCAP: Mongolia, Philippines, Sri Lanka ESCWA: Palestine (West Bank and Gaza Strip)
All these countries have existing quarterly labour force survey programmes
5
Project Objectives
Improve availability of sound & internationally comparable informal sector & informal employment data
Strengthen analysis for evidence-based socio-economic policies at national & international levels: Social policies (poverty reduction, promotion of
gender equality, elimination of child labor, etc.) Employment generation policies Industrial policies in favour of SMEs (marketing
support, technology transfer support, reduction of capital and/or labour costs, etc.)
6
Project Activities
Statistical capacity building: training; advisory missions; production of guidelines; data collection through the 1-2 Survey; data analysis
Data dissemination & advocacy: tabulation plans; databases; workshops – regional & interregional level
Knowledge management: project website; production of training materials; collection of best practices
7
Expected Outputs – Project Countries Internationally comparable data on HUEMs, IS &
informal employment
Estimations of output & value-added of HUEMs and IS to GDP
Country Reports covering: 1-2 Survey: methodology; implementation;
data analysis for dissemination Estimation methodology and estimates of
informal employment and employment in the IS
Estimation of output & value-added of HUEMs & IS
Dissemination of results & advocacy for further data collection (in-country workshops)
8
Expected Outputs—Project Level
Capacity building of NSOs – training workshops; interregional & regional workshops
The 1-2 Survey - data collection strategy paper
Technical paper on informal employment
Technical paper on developing a harmonized definition of HUEMs based on the data collection strategy
Guidelines for data dissemination with tabulation plan and a list of key indicators
Guidelines for estimating HUEM and IS value added using 1-2 Survey data
Project report: cross-country comparative analysis & substantive evaluation of the methodology
9
Data Collection Methodology
10
The 1-2 Survey Approach
Data is collected in two phases:
First phase – rides on the Labour Force Survey Identify HUEMs through household LFS by
including data items on HUEMs, IS & informal employment
Second phase - HUEM Survey Option 1: Survey all HUEMs identified through
Phase I Option 2: Select sub-sample of HUEMs & collect
data
Ultimately: Integrate these into regular data collection system
11
The1-2 Survey Approach
HUEM/IS Value added
12
Objectives of Phase I Questionnaire
1. Measurement Objectives
2. Sampling Frame Objectives
(for Phase II)
Informal employment
Employment in the informal
sector
Identify HUEMs
Identify informal sector
enterprises
13
Phase I Questionnaire
Prerequisites:
Standard questions to classify:
persons as employed, unemployed, not in labour force
all jobs of employed persons: status in employment; main activity (ISIC) of enterprise where employed
HUEM Module: Place of work : fixed premises; non-fixed premises
Legal organization of enterprise
Type of accounts (proxy for employees)
Product destination
Only HUEMs identified through own-account workers & employers will be surveyed in Phase II
Informal Sector Module:
To be preceded by HUEM module questions.
Refers to enterprise in which person has a job:
Employment size
Registration
Informal Employment Module:
For employees :
Whether or not employee enjoys specific types of benefits (8 items included in generic questionnaire; parameters vary in different countries)
Data collected for main & secondary jobs
14
Adaptation of Phase I Questionnaire in Project Countries
Mongolia, Palestine, Saint Lucia: HUEM /informal sector and informal employment questions inserted in the regular LFS
Philippines: HUEM /informal sector and informal employment questions
in a separate questionnaire module
Sri Lanka: Informal employment questions already included in the
regular LFS HUEM /informal sector questions in a separate questionnaire module
15
Measurement Objectives of the HUEM Survey
HUEM Survey – Phase II
1. HUEM Characteristics: a.
Organization/Structure
2. National Accounts: a. HUEM GDP b. Informal Sector GDP
3. Policy-related variables (optional)
a. Business environment b. Finance
16
Phase II Questionnaire
Core Questions:
Business organization: main activity; place of work; registration; type of accounts etc
Employment & compensation
Production & sales
Expenditure
Capital formation
Additional Components:
Business environment
Financing
Problems and prospects
Social Protection
17
Adaptation of Phase II Survey in Project Countries
HUEM questionnaire designed as a separate survey questionnaire in all 5 countries
Mongolia & Palestine conducted the two phases of the survey without any time lag
The Philippines was the only project country to create a sub-sample of HUEMs for Phase II
Philippines & Palestine included agricultural HUEMs in Phase II
18
Scope of the Project’s Data Collection Methodology
Statistical unit is the HUEM
Data collected on HUEMs, regardless of location, industry & employment size
Collect a broad range of data items from HUEMs: including IS criteria such as registration, employment size etc.
Comparative analysis of the data across countries to identify commonalities
19
The Concept of HUEMs & the IS
20
The Concept of HUEMs & IS
15th ICLS Resolution: IS enterprises are a subset of HUEMs
Relationship between HUEMs, other Household Unincorporated Enterprises
and the Informal SectorHousehold Enterprises
Producing at least some goods & services for market
Producing goods & services for own final use
Non-agricultural Agricultural Goods Services
Formal sector
Informal sector
Formal sector
Informal sector
Agriculture, forestry, fishing
Paid domestic services
Other activities Owner occupied dwelling services
Household Unincorporated Enterprises with at least some Market Production (HUEMs)
Criteria:
Legal Organization
Book – Keeping Practice
Product Destination
21
The Concept of HUEMs & IS
Additional Criteria for Identifying Informal Sector Enterprises
Universe of HUEMSInformal own-
account enterprises Other own-account
enterprises
Other enterprises of employers
Informal SectorHow is this boundary defined?
Additional criteria: size; non-registration etc
Enterprises of informal employers
Own-account HUEMs
HUEM of Employers
22
The Concept of HUEMs & IS
Some Challenges: Harmonizing Definition of IS
Criteria reflect national considerations & circumstances e.g.: Diversity of registration procedures, difficulties in gathering information, and flexibility in applying the criterionScope of size criterion & ‘cut-off’ size differs in countries
Other considerations: Optional inclusion of agricultural production units in the scope of data collection – exclusion can result in incomplete measure of the IS across industries & geographical areasDiscrepancies in the use of terminology & concepts between 15th ICLS, 2008 SNA etc: conceptual differences in terms like sector, households & enterprises
23
Refined Definition of HUEMsProject countries have agreed that (conclusions at ESCAP workshops in
May 2009):
The concept of HUEMs should be recommended as an international standard to facilitate the study of the informal sector
The definition of HUEMs should be narrowed to exclude units that produce output for the market incidentally, and therefore, refers to units selling or bartering a ‘significant part’ of their produce on a ‘regular’ basis, and excludes subsistence farmers, and non-agricultural households which have incidental sales
It was agreed that the criteria to select household unincorporated enterprises for interviewing during Phase II of the 1-2 Survey should be:
a. Employer or own-account workerb. Legal status: unincorporatedc. At least selling or bartering some goods and services in the
market
It was recognized that these criteria imply that the coverage of Phase II, in addition to HUEMs, should be broadened to include quasi-corporations
24
Refined Definition of HUEMs
It was recognized that countries may have their own national definitions for informal sector (related to registration, size etc.) and for informal employment (related to benefits, type of contract etc.) based on national regulations/practices It would be for countries to decide if they want to bifurcate HUEMs into informal HUEMs (i.e. informal sector) and formal HUEMs
Agriculture is a part of the HUEM sector, even though it may be excluded by definition from the informal sector in some countries. Countries should, therefore, collect information on the output and value added of agricultural HUEMs for national accounts to be exhaustive
25
Refined Definition of HUEMs
26
Refined Definition of HUEMs
Therefore, HUEMs which are broader in scope, are defined at a level higher than the informal sector: To create a broader grouping in the
household sector that is internationally comparable To allow for more systematic & exhaustive data collection for national accounting purposes
27
Compilation of Output & Value Added for HUEMs
28
Gross Output Destination
Total value
ExportSales
to others
Own intermediate consumption
Own final consumpt
ion
Own gross capital
formation
I.Products sold after transformation
N° Product name1... ….
3*Imputed own production goods produced for own use as intermediate consumption
4*Imputed own production of goods produced for own use as capital formation
5*Imputed own production of goods produced for own use as final consumption
II.
Total trade margins = Products sold without transformation – cost of products purchased for resale
III.Services offered (taken from 4.4, GQ)
N° Product name1... …..
3Imputed owner-occupied housing services
4Imputed domestic services with paid staff
5 Imputed services on money lending
29
Gross Value AddedTotal value
Gross output TotalTotal value of output of goods and services produced (G+TM+S)
Less ICT TotalTotal intermediate consumption (IC1+IC2)
= GVA TotalGross value added (Gross output less ICT)
Less 15Other taxes on production (item 15 from 5.3, GQ)
Less 01 Wages and salaries (from 3.2, GQ)Less 02 Social insurance (from 3.3.1, GQ)
Less 03Bonuses & allowances (from 3.3.2, GQ)
Less Consumption of fixed capital (for owner-occupied dwellings and premises and other capital assets)
Equal Net mixed income
EmploymentTotal working hours (taken from 3.2, GQ)
30
Intermediate ConsumptionOrigin
N°Expenditures on raw material and stocks (taken from 5.1, GQ)
Total value
ImportOther enterprises and households
Own production
1 Name of product...
IC1Sum of expenditure on raw materials (1+2+3+4+...)
Origin
N°Other business expenses (taken from 5.3, GQ)
Total value
ImportOther enterprises and households
Own production
07 Water08 Electricity09 Rental payments (machinery, structures)
13Repair & maintenance of facilities & equipment
* 16Imputed insurance services charged on the establishment (service charges only)*
** 17 Licenses, other fees
*** 19Imputed service charges on interest payment (only FISIM)**
OriginTotal value
ImportOther enterprises and households
Own production
IC2Sum of expenditure on other business expenses (=(6+7+...18)
ICT Total intermediate consumption (IC1+IC2)
31
Thank You