Dr. Fabrice Gouriveau - CTFC

Component 1

Workshop for the definition and adoption of a methodological approach to carry out climate change vulnerability studies

28-30 May 2013, Solsona, Spain

FFEM Project “Optimizing the production of goods and services by Mediterranean forest ecosystems in a context of global change”

FLUXPYR - Global Change in the Pyrenees www.fluxpyr.eu

FLUXPYR (2009 – 2012) (INTERREG IVA - POCTEFA)

11 partners from Spain, France, Andorra - Coordinator: CTFC

Budget: 2.2 M € (EU-ERDF, Generalitat de Catalunya , Région Midi-Pyrénées)

1.Build a trans-border network of infrastructures & multidisciplinary experts to study carbon, water & energy fluxes in Pyrenean agro-ecosystem & develop methodologies/tools to study the interactions between ecosystems & climate/land-use changes.

2.Create & exchange knowledge, expertise, data & train students, technicians, researchers.

3.Combine flux measurements, meteorological data, remote sensing & modelling to produce GHG balances, climate scenarios, maps (land & snow cover, soil C...).

4. Guide CC mitigation & adaptation strategies.

5.Raise awareness among citizens about GC causes/consequences & ways to face it.

FLUXPYR = First network to cover both sides of the Pyrenees

OBJECTIVES

Important changes take place in the Pyrenees…

• Temperature: + 1.1 C since 1900 (MeteoFrance/ONERC, 2007)

• Plants climbed 3 m/yr between 1971-1993 (forest species: 64 m) (INRA, 2008)

• Earlier grape picking (15 d) in Banyuls, Oriental Pyrenees (ARPE, 2009)

• Decrease in no. of days with snow cover (10-15) (1971-2008) (DDE, 2008)

• Shrinkage of glaciers since 1850 (France: 85%, Spain: 65%) (Association Moraine, 2009)

= Atmospheric, climatic, land use, socioeconomic changes, etc.

Mountains : particularly sensitive ecosystems - 1st to be impacted by CC!

THE 12 PARTNERS & THEIR EXPERTISE

Ground studies/ecology, meteorology, atmospheric studies, remote sensing, socioeconomics…

METHODOLOGY

STUDY AREA

HAUT-VICDESSOS (Ariège)

Hydrological stations: water fluxes (e.g. Vicdessos – Ariège, GEODE)

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ECOSYSTEM STUDIES

HAUT-VICDESSOS (Ariège)

Micro-meteorological stations & high towers….

« Eddy Covariance » – turbulent fluxes

Sonic anemometer

Infrared gaz analyser (CO2, H2O)

Belowground measurements

Soil humidity Soil temp Soil heat flux

Vegetation sampling (diversity, biomass)

Respiration, photosynthesis & GHG measurements (photoacoustic/Li840)

Soil profiles & sampling

Studies of vegetation, soil and greenhouse gases…

What do we do with the flux data?

Net CO2 fluxes at 2 agricultural sites near Toulouse.

CO2 FLUX < 0 = CO2 absorption (day, full cover)

CO2 FLUX > 0 = net CO2 emission (no cover / respiration > photosynthesis).

The effects of farming practices are visible (CESBIO).

Carbon & GHG balances

(CESBIO, 2010) 13

Inputs

Outputs

CTFC - Jonathan Sanchez, 2010

Soil carbon spatialization

CO2 profiles at different altitudes (IC3) Regional atmospheric CO2 conc., high

tower of La Muela (IC3)

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ATMOSPHERIC STUDIES

Portable air sampling system (IC3)

Snow cover (CESBIO)

Land cover map (CESBIO)

40%

2%

Soil humidity map – TerraSAR-X

(Baup, CESBIO)

REMOTE SENSING - SATELLITE STUDIES

• Characterize geographical structures & ecosystems dynamics. • Upscale CO2 f luxes (plot > region > continent > global).

LANDSAT, SPOT, MODIS, Pleiades, FORMOSAT ; Radar: ENVISAT, TerraSAR-X

Snow cover probability (CESBIO)

Remote Sensing - UAV, “Unmanned Aerial Vehicle” • CIR cameras (“Colour Infrared”) • Thermal cameras • GPS

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SOCIO-ECONOMY – TERRITORIAL APPROACH

Perceptions of mountain farmers/pastoralists on the consequences of CC on ecosystems & activities – how do they adapt to CC ?

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ÉLÉMENTS

NATURELS (CONDITIONS MÉTÉO)

Décalage des saisons

Augmentation des phénomènes extrêmes

Modification régime hydrique (moins de pluie et/ou modification de

répartition, moins de neige), températures (écarts brutaux,

augmentation), vent (orientation, puissance), rayonnement solaire/

évaporation…

PRODUCTIONS

AGRICOLES

Impact sur troupeaux (épidémies, parasites), prairies/fourrages

(attaques de chenilles, mauvaises herbes), cultures (brûlures sur

fruits, maturation précoce du raisin)

ENVIRONNEMENT

NATUREL

Impacts sur rivières (baisse du niveau, crues + importantes/courtes),

sources (tarissement en haute altitude), faune (oiseaux migrateurs

sédentaires, cigales en montagnes), arbres et forêts (dessèchement,

maladies)

What can be capitalized & used in the Mediterranean context?

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• Networking & long term collaboration (sharing data, experiences, resources).

• Common methodologies, harmonized protocols, techniques, tools.

• Data collection & management, analysis, modelling…

Observatoire Pyrénéen du Changement Climatique (www.opcc-ctp.org) (Communauté de Travail des Pyrénées)

Study on adaptation to climate change in the Pyrenees

- Vulnerability study at Pyrenean Scale. - State of CC adaptation in Pyrenees & European mountains. - Recommendations to integrate CC in socioeconomic activities.

Tourism, agriculture/livestock, forests, water, biodiversity, natural risks, health, infrastructures, industry, energy.

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Thanks for your attention!