UNICEF - Progress for Children: Achieving the MDGs with Equity (No. 9)
Workshop for LDCs in Achieving MDGs as Part of the ...
Transcript of Workshop for LDCs in Achieving MDGs as Part of the ...
Current Status of Cambodian Millennium Development Goals
(CMDG) 2011
By Pagnathun THENG, Ministry of PlanningAllson Angkor Paradise Hotel, 25 October 2011
Workshop for LDCs in Achieving MDGs as Part of the Implementation of the Istanbul Program of Action
CMDG
Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education
Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women
Goal 4: Reduce child mortality
Goal 5: Improve maternal health
Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability
Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development
Goal 9: De-mining, ERW and victim assistance
Methodology for Assessment of ProgressBased on deviation from a linear projection of progress from baseline to target for latest data year
If deviation < -5% or positiveIf deviation Between -25% and -5%
If deviation more than – 25%
On track
Off Track
Slow
CMDG1: Reduce Poverty and Hunger
POVERTY
l AVERAGE
l EQUITY
l CHILD LABOUR
HUNGER
l FOOD POVERTY
l MALNUTRITION
n Underweight
n Stunted
n Wasted
l IODIZED SALT
Poverty and Equity
Latest Data point: 2007Deviation from path: -2%
But…Poverty decrease was on track until 2007 Inequality had increased
On trackLatest Data point: 2007Deviation from path: -35% Off Track
HungerFood poverty decrease was slower because of higher inflation on food prices than non-food prices
Latest Data point: 2007Deviation from path: -19% Slow
Progress in malnutrition was on-track until 2005 – Reversal in short term indicators in 2008 due to high food prices!
Impact of high food prices
Impact of high food prices
Latest Data point: 2008Deviation from path: STUNTED: -8%
UNDERWEIGHT: -3%
WASTED: 19% On track
Slow
On track
CMDG2: Achieve universal primary education
l Enrolment
l Completion
l Flow Rates
l Literacy
l Children Out of School
l Gender balance
Primary Education
•Net Primary Enrolment Rates are within reach of targets (although closing the gap to 100% is still a challenge)
Tremendous progress has been achieved in Primary Education:
•Primary Flow Rates are not improvingBut…
Latest Data point: 2009/10Deviation from path: +0.4% On track
Latest Data point: 2008/09Repetition Rate: -21%Drop-Out Rate: -6%
Slow
Slow
Lower Secondary EducationOriginal Lower Secondary NER targets and completion rates cannot be achieved by 2015 until
primary flow rates are improved.
LSS NER is slowing down - LSS NER Target was adjusted accordingly
LSS completion rate target was also adjusted
Latest Data point: 2009/10Deviation from path: -51% Off Track
Latest Data point: 2008/09Deviation from path: -28% Off Track
Gender and Regional DisparitiesGender disparities in Primary and LSS net enrolment rates have been eliminated (even reversed!)
Latest Data points: 2009/10Deviation from path: PRIMARY: +4%
LOWER SECONDARY: +20%
On track
On track
Regional disparities in Primary have been eliminates. Large differences remain in LSS
Children Out of School and IlliteracyAfter making good progress up to 2004, the proportion of 6-14 year olds out of school is stagnating
Latest Data point: 2008Deviation from path: -37%
The literacy rates of 15-24 years old is almost on track
Off TrackLatest Data point: 2008Deviation from path: -5.05% Slow
CMDG3: Promote gender equality & empower women
• Disparities in Secondary and Higher Education
• Disparities in Literacy
• Disparities in Wage Employment
• Disparities in Public Institutions
• Violence Against Women
Gender parity in Higher Education and Literacy
Good progress has been made in gender balance in upper secondary and tertiary education
Latest Data points: 2008/09Deviation from path: U. SEC: -1%
TERTIARY: -7%
On trackLatest Data points: 2008Deviation from path: 15-24 YR. OLD: +1%
25-49 YR. OLD: -6%
On track
Progress in youth literacy gender ratio is on track but female adult literacy needs more attention.
Slow Slow
Gender parity in Wage Employment
• Female shares of wage employment in all sectors have increased substantially from 1998 to 2008.
• The female share of wage employment in the services sector is still low.
Latest Data points: 2008Deviation from path: AGRICULTURE: 0%
INDUSTRYY: +18%
SERVICES: -21%
On track
• 75 percent of female wage employment in is agriculture
• More attention needs to be paid to women in the informal economy, a critical but vulnerable source of livelihood for women.
On track
Slow
Gender Parity in Public InstitutionsDeviation from path:
On track+13%
-12%
-21%
-29% Off Track
-27% Off Track
On track+30%
-100% Off Track
On track+106%
• Progress in Elected Positions
• Progress in Deputy Positions
• No Progress in Top Appointed PositionsSlow
Slow
Domestic Violence
• Legal framework and implementation plans adopted
• Awareness that domestic violence is wrong and illegal has improved significantly from 2005 to 2009
Latest Data points: 2009Deviation from path: +3% On track
• Levels of acceptance of violence are still high
and
• Most victims of violence still do not have access to or do not seek professional or legal help
But…
CMDG4: Reduce child mortality
l Under-five mortality
l Infant mortality
l Immunization
l Vitamin A
l Breastfeeding
Infant and Under Five Mortality
• Under-Five Mortality is within reach of target
• Infant Mortality has already reached its 2010 target
• All process indicators are on track• Both are expected to exceed the targets• Targets should be revised
But …
Latest Data point: 2008Deviation from path: +12%
Latest Data point: 2005Deviation from path: +17%On track On track
Disparities
• Regional disparities remain high • And Cambodia still has among the highest rates of child mortality in the region
CMDG5: Improve Maternal Health
l Maternal mortality
l Fertility
l Birth Attendance
l Birth Spacing
l Pre-natal visits
l Maternal Nutrition
l Emergency Obstetric Services
Fertility and Maternal Mortality• Maternal Mortality has not so
improved• Despite substantial drops in Total Fertility, which
has almost reached its 2015 target …
• But, maternal mortality is not a reliable indicator and the CDB shows an improving trends in deaths within 1 month of delivery
837
534413
341
2006 2007 2008 2009
Latest Data point: 2008Deviation from path: +9%
Latest Data point: 2008Deviation from path: -43%On track Off Track
• Need confirmation of trend from CDHS 2010
CMDG6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Disease
l HIV Prevalence
l HIV Prevention
l HIV Treatment
l Malaria Prevalence and Case Fatality Rates
l Dengue Fever Prevalence and Case Fatality Rates
l TB Prevalence and Death Rates
HIV/AIDS
• HIV prevalence has decreased from a high of 2% in 1998 to a projected 0.7 in 2008, far exceeding targets.
• 92% of people with HIV are receiving treatment
• But prevention of mother to child transmission and high risk populations need more attention
Latest Data point: 2008Deviation from path: +37% On track
Malaria• Both Malaria prevalence and Case Fatality Rate are on track to reach targets
Latest Data point: 2008Deviation from path: +41% On track
Latest Data point: 2008Deviation from path: +6% On track
Dengue Fever
• Dengue prevalence has stabilized after surging in 2007 but needs more progress
Latest Data point: 2008Deviation from path: -22%
Latest Data point: 2008Deviation from path: +67% On track
• Dengue Case Fatality Rate has reached 2015 target
Slow
Tuberculosis• Prevalence of TB is on track to
reach its target by 2015
Latest Data point: 2007Deviation from path: +1%
Latest Data point: 2007Deviation from path: -37%On track
• Reduction in the TB death rate is off-track
But…
Off Track
CMDG7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability
l Protection of Natural Resources
n Forests
n Protected Areas
n Fisheries
l Reduction of fuelwood use
l Access to safe water
l Access to improved sanitation
l Land security
Forest Cover• About 93,000 Ha of forest cover per
year was lost from 2002 to 2006But…
• MAFF plans to reforest 73,000 Ha per year to return to target level
Latest Data point: 2009Below minimum level: Off Track
Change in Forest Cover 2002 to 2006
Protected Areas and Forest Protected Areas
• Loss of 350,000 Ha of protected land to economic land concessions
• Addition of 180,000 Ha to Forest Protected Areas
• Loss of Rangers in both areas
• 390 Community Forestry Groups (only 124 approved by MAFF)
• 84 Protected area community groups
Protected Areas and Forest Protected Areas
Latest Data points: 2009•Protected Areas: below minimum
•Forest Protected areas: increase
•PA Rangers: -51%
•Forest Rangers: below minimum
Off Track
On track
Off Track
Off Track
Fisheries• Maximum Community Fishery (CFi)
Groups reached but registration is lagging• The establishment of fish sanctuaries
is on track to meet the 2015 target.
REGISTERED CFiLatest Data point: 2010Deviation from path: -25%%
FISH SANCTUARY AREALatest Data point: 2010Deviation from path: +1% On trackOff Track
Dependence on Fuelwood
• Continuing very high levels of fuelwood dependency
• Situation worse if charcoal is included
• 1 million efficient cook stoves produced since 2003
Latest Data point: 2008 (Census)Deviation from path: -29% Off Track
Water and Sanitation• Both Rural and Urban water and
sanitation are on track or have exceeded targets
Latest Data point: 2008Deviation from path:RURAL WATER: +4%RURAL SANITATION: +6% On track
On track
• Rural targets need to be revised• Responsibilities and measurements for Urban
Water and Sanitation need to be clarified
But…
Latest Data point: 2008Deviation from path:URBAN WATER: +3%URBAN SANITATION: +22% On track
On track
Land Titling
• Around 24 percent of about 7 million land plots have been registered.
• Progress is below the projected target for 2009, but the pace of registration has more than doubled in 2009 to over 400,000 land titles issued.
• If land titling continues at this rate, it can reach the figure of 58% by 2015, slightly short of the target.
Latest Data point: 2009Deviation from path: -29% Off Track
CMDG8: Forge a Global Partnership for Development
l Levels, Alignment and Harmonization of ODA
l Access to Markets
l Use of ICT
n Mobile Phones
n Internet
ODA• ODA has been adequate and
reliable• ODA is generally aligned to NSDP but some
areas are under-funded
• AID is fragmented and needs improved harmonization
Trade• Cambodia benefits from reduced
tariff barriers• It is not able to take advantage of
them fully
• Cambodia needs to diversify its exports and improve the quality of its products
But…
ICT• Cambodia has seen a recent
explosion in the use of mobile phones and internet.
• Cambodia lags behind its immediate neighbours
But…
28
80
92
33
0.2
24 24
8.5
Cambodia Vietnam Thailand Laos
Mobile Phone Internet
Mobile and Internet Ratios for Cambodia and its Neighbours - 2008
Fixed Phone, Mobile Phone and Internet Users per 100 Population
CMDG9: De-Mining, ERW and Victim Assistance
l Clearing Contaminated land
l Reducing casualties from Mines/ERW
l Assistance to Victims
Land Clearing
• 52,918 Ha or 45% of an assumed total target of 117,798 Ha cleared by 2009..
• Total area to be cleared higher than originally assumed
• Extension of period of time for landmine clearance under Convention extended form 2010 to 2019.
• Another 47,000 Ha to be cleared by 2019
Latest Data point: 2009Deviation from path: -15% Slow
Casualties and Victim Assistance
• The annual number of civilian casualties recorded has fallen from a record 4,320 in 1996 to 243 in 2009.
• Law on the Protection and Promotion of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities adopted in July 2009
• Disability Action Council Established
• National Plan of Action, for Persons with Disabilities, Including Landmine/ERW survivors (2009-2011) formulated
• Physical rehabilitative services, psycho-social support, vocational training and social reintegration services are provided but need strengthening
• Accurate data availability on services received by mine/ERW survivors is a challenge
Latest Data point: 2009Deviation from path: +48% On track
Overall SummaryKey challenges
CMDG1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger ê Off-track
Stunting, child labour
CMDG2: Achieve universal primary education î SlowPrimary flow rates, children out of school, literacy rates
CMDG3: Promote gender equality and empower women î Slow
Tertiary education, adult literacy, wage parity in service sector, top decision-making positions, access to DV services
CMDG4: Reduce child mortality é On-track
Child mortality targets
CMDG5: Improve maternal health ê On trackMaternal mortality, contraception, access to emergency obstetric care
CMDG6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases é On-
trackTB death rates
CMDG7: Ensure environmental sustainability ê Off-track
Protection of natural resources, fuelwood dependency, registration of CF and Cfi, land titling, rural water and sanitation targets
CMDG8: Develop a global partnership for development
TBD
Aid harmonization, Allocation to education, agriculture and rural development, access to markets, ICT
CMDG9: De-mining, ERW and Victim Assistance î SlowMagnitude and cost of the task, victim assistance