Workshop 5 - Lit Review
Transcript of Workshop 5 - Lit Review
8/11/2019 Workshop 5 - Lit Review
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/workshop-5-lit-review 1/20
How to Write a
LiteratureReviewWorkshop 5; Semester 2, 2011
8/11/2019 Workshop 5 - Lit Review
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/workshop-5-lit-review 2/20
What is a
literature review?
Chat!
8/11/2019 Workshop 5 - Lit Review
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/workshop-5-lit-review 3/20
What is a
literature review?
“…a written summary of journal
articles, books and otherdocuments that describes the
past and current state of
information on the topic of your
research study” (Creswell, 2012,
p.80)
8/11/2019 Workshop 5 - Lit Review
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/workshop-5-lit-review 4/20
What is a
literature review?
“…a written summary of journal
articles, books and otherdocuments that describes the
past and current state of
information on the topic of your
research study” (Creswell, 2012,
p.80)
A summary of the literature
(research) that identifies
the ‘gap’in previously conducted
research that your study will fill…
It presents
“evidence that educatorsNEED YOUR STUDY”!
(Creswell, 2012, p.80)
8/11/2019 Workshop 5 - Lit Review
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/workshop-5-lit-review 5/20
Why are lit reviews important?1. To define and limit a problem… Identify key issues within the
broad research area
2. To place your study in perspective… e.g. “The work of A, B
and C has discovered this much about my question; the
investigations of D have added this much to our knowledge. I
propose to go beyond D’s work in the following manner” 3. To avoid unintentional replication of previous studies… A lit
review helps you to make informed choices about a research
topic within a scholarly context
4. To select methods and measures… access what has worked
before and why; [learn] new methodologies and procedures5. To relate findings to previous knowledge and suggest areas
of further research… the findings of your research need to be
related back to earlier studies. This ‘places’ you work and can
point to areas that need further investigation.
(Emerson, 2007, p.56-57)
8/11/2019 Workshop 5 - Lit Review
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/workshop-5-lit-review 6/20
Ingredients for
baking a lit review1. Identify the key
words
2. Critically evaluate
the literature/articles3. Organize the
literature/articles
4. Write it up!!! :P
(Creswell, 2012, p.81)
8/11/2019 Workshop 5 - Lit Review
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/workshop-5-lit-review 7/20
Ingredients for
baking a lit review1. Identify the key
words
2. Critically evaluate
the literature/articles3. Organize the
literature/articles
4. Write it up!!! :P
(Creswell, 2012, p.81)
Can I just have some
cake NOW?
8/11/2019 Workshop 5 - Lit Review
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/workshop-5-lit-review 8/20
Searching Tips…
1. Identifying key words…
What are you researching
about? What is the title of
your research topic?
(Q titles work best)
Narrow your search to key
topic areas, e.g. English
language, primary, young
learners
Look for key terms in titlesof journal articles
8/11/2019 Workshop 5 - Lit Review
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/workshop-5-lit-review 9/20
Searching Tips…
Identifying key words…
What are you researching
about? What is the title of
your research topic?
(Q titles work best)
Narrow your search to key
topic areas, e.g. English
language, primary, young
learners
Look for key terms in titlesof journal articles
Have a go!
My research topic… An investigation of the use andimpact of Bislama(pidgin/creole English) as themedium of learning and
instruction on the teaching andlearning of English as a
foreign language in Vanuatu.
1. Identify some keywords I could use…
2. Have a look at yourresearch topic – What are some key
words you can use?
Chat!
8/11/2019 Workshop 5 - Lit Review
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/workshop-5-lit-review 10/20
Searching Tips…
To make life easier…
Remember to use Boolean indicators, e.g.“young learners”; motiva*
Use Pro-quest Education Journals database…
1. Use Advanced search;
2. Search in Abstract – if the key word/s are not in the abstract,it may not be worth looking at the paper!!!
Lets have a quick squizzze
8/11/2019 Workshop 5 - Lit Review
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/workshop-5-lit-review 11/20
2. Critically evaluate the literature/articles…
How do we do that? ? ? ;P
Chat!
8/11/2019 Workshop 5 - Lit Review
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/workshop-5-lit-review 12/20
2. Critically evaluate the literature/articles…
How do we do that? ? ? ;P
Some tips… What is and is not
known? What hasn’tbeen covered?
Areas of controversy ordebate?
How do differentresearch studies
compare? Strengths and
weaknesses?
8/11/2019 Workshop 5 - Lit Review
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/workshop-5-lit-review 13/20
2. Critically evaluate the literature/articles…
How do we do that? ? ? ;P
Some tips… How does the literature
answer your research Q?
What is the scope of theirresponses and relatedissues? (Emerson, 2007, p.58)
What is and is not known?What hasn’t been covered?
Areas of controversy ordebate?
How do different researchstudies compare?
Strengths and weaknesses?
All this should
reveal the gap the
in the literature
that your study
needs to fill!
8/11/2019 Workshop 5 - Lit Review
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/workshop-5-lit-review 14/20
3. Organize the literature/articles…
HOW???
1. Read and take notes – PARAPHRASING
the main points…
FOCUS: What was done?
CONTEXT: Where? With whom?
RESEARCH METHODS: How? Duration?
FINDINGS/RESULTS: Include arguments and recommendations
You can organize this into a table…
8/11/2019 Workshop 5 - Lit Review
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/workshop-5-lit-review 15/20
Source
(name, date)
Focus Context Research
Methods
Findings
Liu & Fisher,2006 Changes inconcepts ofself
3 foreignlanguageteachers inpostgradprogram in UK
Semi-structuredinterviews,open-endedQ‟aire, selfreflectionreport,evaluation logs.Duration: 9
months
Improvedperformanceover time;ascertainedgood workingrelationships;felt like a „realteacher‟ after 3
terms
Organizing the studies…
8/11/2019 Workshop 5 - Lit Review
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/workshop-5-lit-review 16/20
Source
(name, date)
Focus Context Research
Methods
Findings
Liu & Fisher,2006 Changes inconcepts ofself
3 foreignlanguageteachers inpostgradprogram in UK
Semi-structuredinterviews,open-endedQ‟aire, selfreflectionreport,evaluation logs.Duration: 9
months
Improvedperformanceover time;ascertainedgood workingrelationships;felt like a „realteacher‟ after 3
terms
Organizing the studies…
TIP: When taking notes and tabulating the studies, put in bold the 2-3 studiesin a particular theme that stand out as worth going into more detail in yourlit review. These studies will be ones that more directly relate to your own
research focus
From here you can start… 2. Organizing the articles into sections/themes, e.g.
Construct a ‘literature map’
8/11/2019 Workshop 5 - Lit Review
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/workshop-5-lit-review 17/20
Example of a literature map…
8/11/2019 Workshop 5 - Lit Review
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/workshop-5-lit-review 18/20
Example of a literature map…
8/11/2019 Workshop 5 - Lit Review
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/workshop-5-lit-review 19/20
Lets look at an example…
Skim through the lit review and notice…
Thematic structure
Amount of studies mentioned
Amount of detail per case study
Notice particular words and phrases used
at beginning of sentences to introducethemes/issues and make cohesive links
Kanno & Stuart, 2011
8/11/2019 Workshop 5 - Lit Review
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/workshop-5-lit-review 20/20
4. Write it up!!! :P
Focus on one theme/issue at a time…
Write a summary of the theme/issue – start
each paragraph in this way, with a generaltopic section introducing the theme/issue,
then proceed with details… see example
Consider what order to present each
theme/issue and then…
Cohesively „join‟ your themes/issues together
End with identifying „the gap‟