WORKS CITED and PARENTHETICAL REFERENCES. Why do I need to cite a source? To give credit in a paper...

WORKS CITEDWORKS CITED

and PARENTHETICAL and PARENTHETICAL REFERENCESREFERENCES

Why do I need to cite a source?Why do I need to cite a source?

To give credit in a paper for ideas that To give credit in a paper for ideas that are not your own (no plagiarizing). are not your own (no plagiarizing).

To show a reader where to look if he To show a reader where to look if he wants more information on his own.wants more information on his own.

To sound more like an authority on the To sound more like an authority on the subjects—add “proof” to your subjects—add “proof” to your arguments.arguments.

What sources should I cite?What sources should I cite?

Cite sources that give Cite sources that give originaloriginal ideas or ideas or facts that were not found in many other facts that were not found in many other sources sources

Information in encyclopedias or general Information in encyclopedias or general “about” websites are considered “about” websites are considered “common knowledge,” so do NOT cite “common knowledge,” so do NOT cite thosethose

Why shouldn’t I cite information in my Why shouldn’t I cite information in my thesis statement or topic sentences?thesis statement or topic sentences?

NO. Your thesis statement and your NO. Your thesis statement and your topic sentences are topic sentences are YOUR YOUR CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS you drew about your you drew about your research. They should be your research. They should be your OWN OWN IDEASIDEAS..

Cite only information contained in your Cite only information contained in your SUPPORTING SENTENCES.SUPPORTING SENTENCES.

Smith 1

Smith 1

Ron Smith

Ms. Zielinski

English 8

April 18, 2012

How to Cite Sources

When you quote or borrow the ideas of authors, you

must give them credit by including parenthetical references

within your research report and giving the full citations

within a Works Cited page. The Works Cited page is the last

page of your research report.

You may have consulted ten sources during your

research and end up paraphrasing or quoting only five of

them in your research report. In general, cite sources that

give original ideas or facts that were not found in many other

texts (Davidson 693). Your thesis statement and

topic sentences should be your own conclusions, so

parenthetical references should not be found within them.

Here are some examples of how the parenthetical

references should look in your research report. Also see the

Smith 1

Smith 5

Works Cited

Davidson, J ohn. Citing Sources is

Fun. New York: Schuster Press,

2009. Print.

What is a parenthetical What is a parenthetical reference?reference?

Parenthetical references Parenthetical references refer the refer the reader to specific pages in a book, a reader to specific pages in a book, a website, or another source from which website, or another source from which quotations or facts are taken quotations or facts are taken (Smith (Smith 27). 27).

““Parenthetical” means the information Parenthetical” means the information is in (parentheses).is in (parentheses).

What is a parenthetical What is a parenthetical reference?reference?

““Reference” means that you are Reference” means that you are “referring” a reader to go look at your “referring” a reader to go look at your Works Cited page for complete Works Cited page for complete information on that source.information on that source.

Parenthetical references appears Parenthetical references appears WITHIN the final period WITHIN the final period of the sentence of the sentence so they do not break the logical so they do not break the logical development of your thoughts development of your thoughts (“Artillery”).(“Artillery”).

What is a Works Cited page?What is a Works Cited page?

The Works Cited page is The Works Cited page is an alphabetical an alphabetical listing of each source for which you included listing of each source for which you included a parenthetical reference in your report.a parenthetical reference in your report.

The Works Cited page is the The Works Cited page is the LAST PAGE LAST PAGE of of your research report.your research report.

It is typed directly into the It is typed directly into the SAME FILE SAME FILE as as your report, so it will have the same margins, your report, so it will have the same margins, fonts, etc.fonts, etc.

Is a Works Cited a Is a Works Cited a bibliographybibliography?? NO. A bibliography, called a NO. A bibliography, called a WorksWorks

ConsultedConsulted, is a list of , is a list of ALLALL of the of the sources you looked at to gain sources you looked at to gain information. These are the yellow and information. These are the yellow and blue citation slips you filled out when blue citation slips you filled out when you took your notes.you took your notes.

A A Works CitedWorks Cited contains contains ONLYONLY those those sources you sources you quote or paraphrasequote or paraphrase in in your research report. your research report.

TO CITE A BOOK:TO CITE A BOOK:

(in Research Report)(in Research Report)

……first day of the conflict. Grant initiallyfirst day of the conflict. Grant initially

opposed the movement of forces up Sparrow opposed the movement of forces up Sparrow

Ridge Ridge (Jones 374).(Jones 374). However, he later….. However, he later…..

(on Works Cited page)(on Works Cited page)

JonesJones, Robert. , Robert. Great Battles of the Civil WarGreat Battles of the Civil War..

Sacramento: Sever Press, 2008. Print.Sacramento: Sever Press, 2008. Print.


Works CitedWorks Cited

Jones, Robert.Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the CivilGreat Battles of the Civil

WarWar. Sacramento: Sever Press, 2008.. Sacramento: Sever Press, 2008.

Print.Print.



Jones, Robert.Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the CivilGreat Battles of the Civil

WarWar. Sacramento: Sever Press, 2008.. Sacramento: Sever Press, 2008.

Print.Print.

Author of the bookAuthor of the book



Jones, Robert. Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the Civil Great Battles of the Civil

WarWar.. Sacramento: Sever Press, 2008. Sacramento: Sever Press, 2008.

Print.Print.




WarWar.. Sacramento: Sever Press, 2008. Sacramento: Sever Press, 2008.

Print.Print.

Book titleBook title



Jones, Robert. Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the CivilGreat Battles of the Civil

WarWar. . Sacramento:Sacramento: Sever Press, 2008. Sever Press, 2008.

Print.Print.




WarWar. . Sacramento:Sacramento: Sever Press, 2008. Sever Press, 2008.

Print.Print.

City publishedCity published

If an unknown city, add the state also. If an unknown city, add the state also. Periwinkle, Oregon:Periwinkle, Oregon:




WarWar. Sacramento: . Sacramento: Sever PressSever Press, 2008., 2008.

Print.Print.




WarWar. Sacramento: . Sacramento: Sever PressSever Press, 2008., 2008.

Print.Print.

PublisherPublisher




WarWar. Sacramento: Sever Press, . Sacramento: Sever Press, 20082008..

Print.Print.




WarWar. Sacramento: Sever Press, . Sacramento: Sever Press, 20082008. .

Print.Print.

Year publishedYear published




WarWar. Sacramento: Sever Press, 2008. . Sacramento: Sever Press, 2008.

PrintPrint..





PrintPrint..

Type of Media (Print or Web)Type of Media (Print or Web)

TO CITE A BOOK:TO CITE A BOOK:Works CitedWorks Cited

JonesJones,, Robert Robert.. Great Battles of the Civil Great Battles of the Civil

WarWar.. Sacramento Sacramento:: Sever Press Sever Press,, 2008 2008. .

Print Print . .

Punctuation is NOT OPTIONAL. Punctuation is NOT OPTIONAL. Follow Follow the models, and insert every comma, the models, and insert every comma, period, and colon.period, and colon.

TO CITE A BOOK:TO CITE A BOOK:Works CitedWorks Cited



Print.Print.

Notice Notice NO PAGE NUMBERSNO PAGE NUMBERS appear on a appear on a Works Cited page.Works Cited page.

The entries are The entries are NOT NUMBEREDNOT NUMBERED..

TO CITE A WEBSITE:TO CITE A WEBSITE:All information knownAll information known


……Many Irish brigades earned a reputation of Many Irish brigades earned a reputation of bravery and tenacity bravery and tenacity (Etheridge).(Etheridge).

(on Works Cited page)(on Works Cited page)

EtheridgeEtheridge, Shirley. “Irish Regiments.” , Shirley. “Irish Regiments.” Civil Civil War SiteWar Site. University of Iowa, 25 May 2009. . University of Iowa, 25 May 2009. Web. 2 Mar. 2010. <http://www.ui.edu>. Web. 2 Mar. 2010. <http://www.ui.edu>.

TO CITE A WEBSITE:TO CITE A WEBSITE:Author unknownAuthor unknown


……Many Irish brigades earned a reputation of Many Irish brigades earned a reputation of bravery and tenacity ( bravery and tenacity ( “Irish”“Irish” ). ).


““IrishIrish Regiments.” Regiments.” Civil War SiteCivil War Site. University . University of Iowa, 25 May 2009. Web. 2 Mar. 2010. of Iowa, 25 May 2009. Web. 2 Mar. 2010. <http://www.ui.edu>.<http://www.ui.edu>.

TO CITE A WEBSITE:TO CITE A WEBSITE:Author and article title unknownAuthor and article title unknown


……Many Irish brigades earned a reputation of Many Irish brigades earned a reputation of bravery and tenacity (bravery and tenacity (Civil WarCivil War).).


Civil WarCivil War Site Site. University of Iowa, 25 May . University of Iowa, 25 May 2009. Web. 2 Mar. 2010. 2009. Web. 2 Mar. 2010. <http://www.ui.edu>.<http://www.ui.edu>.

TO CITE A WEBSITE:TO CITE A WEBSITE:Author, article, and last update unknownAuthor, article, and last update unknown

Research ReportResearch Report

……Many Irish brigades earned a reputation of Many Irish brigades earned a reputation of bravery and tenacity (bravery and tenacity (Civil WarCivil War).).


Civil WarCivil War Site Site. University of Iowa. Web. 2 . University of Iowa. Web. 2 Mar. 2010. <http://www.ui.edu>.Mar. 2010. <http://www.ui.edu>.

Smith 1

Smith 1

Ron Smith

Ms. Zielinski

English 8

April 18, 2012

How to Cite Sources

When you quote or borrow the ideas of authors, you

must give them credit by including parenthetical references

within your research report and giving the full citations

within a Works Cited page. The Works Cited page is the last

page of your research report.

You may have consulted ten sources during your

research and end up paraphrasing or quoting only five of

them in your research report. In general, cite sources that

give original ideas or facts that were not found in many other

texts (Davidson 693). Your thesis statement and

topic sentences should be your own conclusions, so

parenthetical references should not be found within them.

Here are some examples of how the parenthetical

references should look in your research report. Also see the

Smith 1

Smith 5

Works Cited

Davidson, J ohn. Citing Sources is Fun.

New York: Schuster Press, 2009.

Print.

How should I format How should I format the Works Cited page?the Works Cited page?

THE HEADER AND DOUBLE-SPACING ARE THE HEADER AND DOUBLE-SPACING ARE CARRIED FORWARD TO THIS PAGECARRIED FORWARD TO THIS PAGE

Smith 6

Works Cited

Davidson, J ohn. Citing Sources is Fun. New York:

Schuster Press, 2009. Print.

“The Irish Brigade.” New J ersey Network. League of

Irish Voters, 3 J un. 2008. Web. 30 Sep. 2010.

<http://www.history.net>.

Robert E. Lee Webpage. University of Florida, Sep.

2007. Web. 30 Feb. 2010. <http://www.

floridawebsite.edu>.

NO MLA INFORMATION IS AT THE TOP! NO MLA INFORMATION IS AT THE TOP! This page should be typed directly IN YOUR REPORT This page should be typed directly IN YOUR REPORT

after setting a PAGE BREAK.after setting a PAGE BREAK.Smith 6

Works Cited

Davidson, J ohn. Citing Sources is Fun. New Y ork:


“The Irish Brigade.” New J ersey Network . League of




2007. Web. 30 Feb. 2010. <http://www.


CENTER THE TITLE; DO NOT SPACE DOWN CENTER THE TITLE; DO NOT SPACE DOWN (USE ONE-INCH TOP MARGIN)(USE ONE-INCH TOP MARGIN)

DO NOT USE BOLD, UNDERLINE, QUOTESDO NOT USE BOLD, UNDERLINE, QUOTES

Smith 6

Works Cited







2007. Web. 30 Feb. 2010. <http://www.


ALPHABETIZE ALL ENTRIES ALPHABETIZE ALL ENTRIES (exclude (exclude a, the, ana, the, an))

Smith 6

Works Cited

Davidson, J ohn. Citing Sources is Fun. New Y ork:


“The Irish Brigade.” New J ersey Network . League of




2007. Web. 30 Feb. 2010. <http://www.


PUNCTUATION IS IMPORTANT!PUNCTUATION IS IMPORTANT!(follow the models exactly)(follow the models exactly)

Smith 6

Works Cited







2007. Web. 30 Feb. 2010. <http://www.


BEGIN ALL LINES AT THE LEFT; BEGIN ALL LINES AT THE LEFT; INDENT CARRY-OVER LINESINDENT CARRY-OVER LINES

Smith 6

Works Cited







2007. Web. 30 Feb. 2010. <http://www.


How many sources should I list How many sources should I list on my Works Cited page?on my Works Cited page?

ENGLISH 8: Include at least ENGLISH 8: Include at least 3 different sources3 different sources on your Works Cited page (only 1 may be from on your Works Cited page (only 1 may be from Wikipedia). That means you will have Wikipedia). That means you will have 3 related 3 related parenthetical referencesparenthetical references within your report. within your report.

ENGLISH 8 HONORS: Include at least ENGLISH 8 HONORS: Include at least 5 different 5 different sourcessources on your Works Cited page (only 1 may be on your Works Cited page (only 1 may be from Wikipedia). That means you will have from Wikipedia). That means you will have 5 related 5 related parenthetical references parenthetical references within your report.within your report.

WORKS CITED and PARENTHETICAL REFERENCES. Why do I need to cite a source? To give credit in a paper...

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