Working with the BIOS / CMOS Chapter 17 Release 22/10/2010powered by dj.

Working with the BIOS / CMOS

Chapter 17

Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj

of 45Chapter 17

Objectives

Describe BIOS functions Explain the Preboot Environment Explain BIOS packaging Define CMOS Backup and upgrade the BIOS Describe BIOS Setup Utility Troubleshoot the system using the BIOS beep

codes


of 45Chapter 17

Motherboard BIOS Functions - I

BIOS is a collection of programs embedded in one or more chips

Functions of BIOS

POST BIOS Bootstrap LoaderSetup


of 45Chapter 17

Motherboard BIOS Functions- II

POST – Tests computer’s processor, memory, chipset, video, adapter, disk controllers, disk drives, keyboard and other components

Setup – Enables you to configure the motherboard and chipset settings

BIOS - Collection of actual drivers which act as a basic interface between the OS and your hardware

Bootstrap Loader - Job of this program to load the OS from the floppy disk or the hard disk into the computer’s main memory (RAM)


of 45Chapter 17

Question for GD Time Limit – 3 Mins

List the motherboard BIOS functions.


Sl. BIOS Functions

of 45Chapter 17

ROM Shadowing

Accesses to the BIOS code are very slow relative to accesses to code in the system memory

Technique that is used to increase the computer's speed

During this process the contents of a ROM are directly copied to the extended memory.

Extended memory is given the same address as that of the ROM. The original ROM is disabled and the new location is then write protected


of 45Chapter 17

BIOS Manufacturer

AMIAwardPhoenixMR BIOS


of 45Chapter 17


List the names of the BIOS manufacturers.


Sl. BIOS Manufacturers

of 45Chapter 17

Accessing the BIOS

Phoenix BIOS Ctrl+Alt+Esc Ctrl+Alt+F1 Ctrl+Alt+S Ctrl+Alt+Enter Ctrl+Alt+F11 Ctrl+Alt+Ins

Award BIOS Ctrl+Alt+Esc Esc Del

AMI BIOS Del IBM BIOS F1, F2 or F10 Compaq BIOS F10

Table 20.1 – Keystrokes to Access BIOS


of 45Chapter 17


How to determine your PC’s BIOS version?


of 45Chapter 17

Basic Input / Output System (BIOS) - I Enables you to control and troubleshoot the system and the

different hardware components before loading the operating system

Types of BIOS packaging• Rectangular shaped 32-pin Dual In-line Package (DIP)

• Square 28-pin Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier (PLCC)


of 45Chapter 17

Basic Input / Output System (BIOS) - II

Runs the power-on self-test (POST) when the system starts

Receives signals from the hardwareLoads the custom settings from the CMOS

that stores the BIOS settingsDisplays the settingsLocates the bootable devices and loads the

operating system from the bootable device


of 45Chapter 17


What are the different BIOS packaging?


of 45Chapter 17

Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS)

Memory chip located on the motherboard that stores the BIOS settings

Battery must be replaced when it becomes weak or you may lose the stored BIOS settings

Receives power from the battery that is installed on the motherboard

Clear the BIOS settings stored in the CMOS using the jumpers located on the motherboard or by removing the battery from the motherboard


of 45Chapter 17

Backing up BIOS Settings

Run the BIOS upgrade software to read BIOS contents to a file

Incase of AMI BIOS, just instruct the software using its menus, to save the BIOS contents to a file.

Another way is to write down the different settings manually or press Print Screen to take a print out of the BIOS values using a printer connected to parallel port.


of 45Chapter 17

Practical

Perform the activity mentioned in Lab no. 1 in the text book:

• To backup your BIOS settings.


of 45Chapter 17

Upgrading the BIOS - I

Two ways forupgrading a

Motherboard BIOS

Replacing Physical BIOS Chip

Performing a Flash Update


of 45Chapter 17

Upgrading the BIOS - II Back up the BIOS values so that you can restore the

BIOS when the system crashes or malfunctions after changing the BIOS values

When seeking a BIOS upgrade for a particular motherboard (or system), you need to know the following:

Model of the motherboard (or system). Manufacturer, date and version of the existing BIOS. Type of CPU. You can find out your motherboard manufacturer

using softwares like Everest, Hwinfo and Sandra


of 45Chapter 17

Flash Update using Bootable Floppy - I

Download the BIOS software from the Internet. The software will be available in a zip file.

Unzip the file to a folder.Insert a blank floppy in the floppy disk

drive.Run the .exe file from the folder.


of 45Chapter 17

Flash Update using Bootable Floppy - II

Follow the steps displayed by the wizard to create a bootable BIOS update floppy disk.

Restart the system with the BIOS update floppy disk in the floppy disk drive and boot the system from floppy. The system will update the BIOS.

Restart the system and enter the BIOS to check if it is updated.


of 45Chapter 17

Practical


• To replace the BIOS chip.


of 45Chapter 17

Practical


• To update the BIOS using software.


of 45Chapter 17

Recovering from Destroyed BIOS

Using flash recovery jumper – Mostly available in server motherboard

Dual BIOS - Now a day many motherboards manufacturers launched motherboards equipped with two BIOS chips: a main BIOS and a backup BIOS. Therefore if the main BIOS is erased you can turn on the machine using the backup BIOS and recover the contents of the main BIOS without the need of any fancy procedure to reprogram it.


of 45Chapter 17

To know the keywords to enter into BIOS using Internet

Browse to www.google.comType keyword for BIOS+make with model

number and press Enter See the results on the screen


of 45Chapter 17

BIOS Setup Utility

Enables you to modify the settings and store them in the CMOS

Enables you to control the boot sequenceChanges the BIOS setting to correct any

hardware problems


of 45Chapter 17

BIOS Main Menu Page

Displays the different BIOS options which can be changed


of 45Chapter 17

Standard CMOS Setup Page Enables you to set the basic settings of the system such as the

date and time, hard disk settings, and shows system information


of 45Chapter 17

Advanced BIOS Features Page Enables you to access the advanced functions of the BIOS such as Boot Devices,

S.M.A.R.T. for Hard Disks, Boot Up Num-Lock, Floppy Drive Swap about the system


of 45Chapter 17

Advanced Chipset Features Page

Enables you to access the advanced chipset features of BIOS. You can set the DRAM clock/timing control, prefetch caching, video RAM cacheable using this page setting.


of 45Chapter 17

Integrated Peripherals Page

Enables you to access the integrated peripherals features of BIOS. This page allows you to change various input/output devices, such as SATA modes, USB controller, LAN etc.


of 45Chapter 17

Power Management Setup Page Sets the parameters such as Standby Time Out, Suspend

Time Out, Ring On Power On for the system power management operation


of 45Chapter 17

Practical


• To change the first boot device as the DVD-ROM drive.


of 45Chapter 17

PCI / PCI Configurations Page Enables the system to automatically search for new

hardware connected to the system and sets the parameter of PCI/VGA palette snoop, maximum payload size


of 45Chapter 17

PC Health Status Page

The PC Health Status displays the system hardware details, such as the voltage used by the system, shut down temperature setting, the system and the CPU temperature.


of 45Chapter 17

Loading Default Settings

Applying Optimal settings enables to set the default options

Best Performance Settings enables to set BIOS options to make the system perform at best level


of 45Chapter 17

Setting the BIOS Password

Protects the BIOS settings stored in the CMOS Password option from the Advanced Setup page

should be enabled Prompts to enter the password before accessing

the Setup Utility Setting the Supervisor password Setting the User password


of 45Chapter 17

Practical


• To load best performance settings and to set the supervisor password.


of 45Chapter 17

Troubleshooting Using AMI BIOS Beep Codes - I

Number of Beeps Solving Problem

1 Short Beep System OK. If system does not start check that the power and data cables are properly connected

2 / 3 / 4 Short Beeps Check that the RAM and Video Adapter cards are properly connected.

5 Short Beeps Check that the RAM is properly installed. Check that the microprocessor is properly installed.Replace the microprocessor or the motherboard.

6 Short Beeps Check or replace keyboard.


of 45Chapter 17

Troubleshooting Using AMI BIOS Beep Codes - II

7 Short BeepsCheck the processor and heat sink are properly installed

8 Short Beeps Check that the video card is properly installed.Replace the video card.

9 Short Beeps Check that the BIOS chip is properly connected.Update or Replace the BIOS chip.

10 Short Beeps Replace the battery or CMOS chips.

11 Short Beeps Check the cache settings from BIOS and check that the Cache memory chip is properly connected.Replace the Cache memory chip.

1 Long, 3 Short Beeps Check that the RAM is properly connected.

1 Long, 8 Short Beeps Check that the video card is properly installed.Replace the video card.


of 45Chapter 17

Clearing the CMOS

Sometimes we set the password for the BIOS and forget the password. In that case we can clear the CMOS using two ways:• Using jumpers

• Removing and reinserting the CMOS battery


of 45Chapter 17

CMOS Clear Video


Click on the image to run the video.

of 45Chapter 17

Case Study

Scenario In a software organization it is found that most

software engineers spend time on listening music and transferring data using USB flash drives which affect the organization’s productivity.

Problem Accessing to the audio and USB port affects the

organization’s productivity


of 45Chapter 17

Summary - I

BIOS software enables you to control and troubleshoot the system

Types of BIOS chips include Dual In-line Package and Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier

BIOS run the power-on self-test when the system starts

CMOS stores the BIOS settings Updating the BISO adds additional functions to the

BIOS and it also fixes all the errors and bugs in the BIOS


of 45Chapter 17

Summary - II

BIOS Setup Utility enables you to modify the settings and store them in the CMOS

The BIOS Setup Utility Main menu page displays different BIOS options that you can change

BIOS password used to protect the settings stored in CMOS

You can troubleshoot the system using the BIOS beep codes.


of 45Chapter 17

Mind Map

Draw a mind map to summarize this chapter


Working with the BIOS / CMOS Chapter 17 Release 22/10/2010powered by dj.

Documents

Transcript of Working with the BIOS / CMOS Chapter 17 Release 22/10/2010powered by dj.