Working Class Hero - The ILVA case

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WORKING CLASS HERO

The Ilva Case

WORKINGCLASS HERO

The Ilva Case

Politecnico di Milano Scuola del design / Design della comunicazione Density 8.0

Luca D’OnofrioPietro Guinea MontalvoMariangela LabrancaGiovanni MagniCarolina Mauri

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Chapter 1: The Ilva caseIntroductionUnderstanding the controversyDesigning the research protocol

Chapter 2: The protocolIntroductionShaping the corpusIndexing the corpusThe corpus’ netFinding net alliesSemanticaly speaking

Chapter 3: The focusExploding the webReading the newsUser based websitesWhat do the users care for?Final comparison

Chapter 4: Concluding

Index

Actor’s profiling

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Chapter 1The Ilva case

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Climate Change is, now more than ever, one of the most discussed themes by political and social parties world-wide. In fact the pollution problem, and its search for solutions, always sparks a controversy that has an impor-tant weight in society.In a moment like this, where glob-ally the western societies are living an economic downturn, a question that many heads of state are facing is: are we able to sustain an investment in clean energy? And do the governments even care about the pollution made by the forced production of our economy? Should we worry about our health more than our jobs or economy?This significant macro-topic led us to question and analyze one of the biggest Italian piece of news of this year: the Ilva crisis.

IntroductionAnalyzing Ilva’s pollution debate

To understand some of this choice, as well as the actors and events analyzed during the execution of this protocol, we might have to report the crucial events of Ilva’s story.In December 2008 the Regione Puglia approved a regional law against dioxin pollution putting a limit to infectious production. After some months the same political party decided to tweak this regulation giving more time to the factories to adapt. Meanwhile Nicola Riva became president of the Ilva.On July 26th 2012 a court order was called for the partial shutdown and seize of the Taranto’s steel plant by the Gip Patrizia Todisco; ten days later this order was performed and members of Riva Group board were arrested.The closing of the factory caused a medial and political fight. Strikes

started and on the 27th of September a 48 hours strike took place defending the right to work. In November the workers occupied the management but the following day a tornado hit Taranto destroying the plant and silencing this controversy.Since the early stages the public and political opinion split into different sides; everyone was pulling its own arguments to conclude what was the nature of the problem: was it a health problem? An environmental one? An economic dispute? Maybe a work re-lated issue?

The Ilva case /Introduction

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ECONOMY

ENVIRONMENT HEALTH

EMPLOYMENT

ILVACASE

8

At the beginning of the project the first question to come out, that leads the first qualitative and historical analysis, has to be “What happened?”Understanding the facts helped us figuring which were the main disputes along with who were the actors. The clearest debates were those between:- Courthouses and workers- government and people’s associations- healthcare and right-to-work.All these were, more or less directly, prone to one single and practical choice that had to be made: keep the Ilva steel plant open or close it.This led to an issue that has been well expressed by the Italian comedian and politician Beppe Grillo that said: “Meg-lio morire di fame o di tumore?” that means ‘Is it better to die of starvation or die for cancer?’

Understanding the controversyFinding the true core of the issue

If the steel plant continues at it is lives will be lost in favor of work and a better economy; if the contrary happens, the Ilva closes, thousands of workers would lose their jobs and would have serious problems sustaining their families.Later in the protocol we decided to focus on this particular micro-contro-versy to better understand how the choice between health and jobs was discussed.

The Ilva case /Understading the controversy

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ILVACASE

FirstDebate

VS

SecondDebate

ThirdDebate

Corthouse Workes Government Unions Health EmploymentVS VS

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Being a protocol based on the use of digital tools is fair to remind how the outcome of every step should be subject to a conscious review that carefully fol-lows the events and dates the research was made.Our research analyzed the web in a 55 months period that started on May 17th 2008 and ended on December 1st 2012, these dates were decided after analyze the history oboth on the web and on the traditional newspapers. To briefly illustrate how the results of this protocol could change we used Google Trends; this gave us the history of the research query relative to our controversy.

We can see that the protocol is useful only in the last part of the graph (the part relative to the last year) where we

Designing the protocol How to navigate the web

have an exponential increase of web queries. This highlights the core of our protocol.

The main purpose of the protocol is to describe how Internet is living and speaking about an event that just happened. Who are internauts talk-ing about? What are they saying about them and mostly which words/themes do they use most? Where they write the most? What side of the controversy is the web routing for?In our case the question became: “Qual è il tessuto narrativo digitale del caso ILVA?”That translates in: ‘What is the digital tissue of the Ilva case? And how is it narrated?’

The Ilva case /Designing the protocol

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/Google Trends

Ilva Taranto

Chiusura Ilva Taranto

Caso Ilva

Notizie Ilva Taranto

Google Trends shows the historical impressions of the users’ queries and displays the change caused by our case study event

% Research Volume

20

40

60

80

100

dec. 2012may 2008 dec 2008 dec 2009 dec 2010 dec 2011

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Chapter 2The protocol

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This research focuses on what Italian web users think about what happened in Taranto the past four years and what their opinion is (and how do they give it) about the Ilva case; we are especially interested on how they responded to the info they received and which are these information sources.

To discover where the debate takes place we relied on Google, being the most used research engine. This choice has been made after discarding the possibility of an initial research relying on particular and pre-selected web-sites, such as Legambiente’s one or Facebook, in order to have an unbiased result.

IntroductionIlva’s steel plant in Italian webspace

The protocol /Introduction

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GE

NE

RA

L A

NA

LYS

ISD

ETA

ILE

D A

NA

LYS

ISF

INA

L C

OM

PAR

E

CORPUS

Study oftypology

Themeanalysis

Actoranalysis

Focus

CommentsNews Url

Sorting Sorting

Compare

Temporalanalysis Alliances

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The definition of the queries has to be linked with the very first research that isn’t actually part of the protocol itself. Instead of guessing which could be the important topics for our protocol, a more manual investigation has to take place (as we already said in the ‘Under-standing the Protocol’ chapter). Read-ing Wikipedia or Google News helped us figuring out the dispute points. The four leading themes that we extracted and decided to use as a module of our web query were: Economy, Environ-ment, Health and Work.

The complete queries were articulated in two parts:

- the first defines and frames the es-sence of our central topic, the Ilva steel plant or more in general the prime

Shaping the corpusWhat to ask and to whom

event that started our research (First Module);

- the second part leans towards the fields we just “discovered” by analyzing the facts (Second Module).

We decided to have two different angles in the first part of the query to see if there is a relevant difference on how web users look at the Ilva case. The “Ilva Taranto” part of the query inscribes our research in a geographical and contextual setting but the addition of the word “closure” gives a different point of view on how the topic is man-aged.Once we have this initial corpus we have to check if it is possible to make a semantic close up and create a new query, using the same method as

before, substituting the general topics word (Economy, Environment, Health and Work) with one that belongs to the same field but more precise.To do this kind of selection we couldn’t decide ourselves which word should be used for the second query level; the impartiality of the words were given by the use of one of the digital instru-ments we had at our disposal, Alchemy API powered by Density Design.

When we had the entire corpus ana-lyzed we proceeded to a manual check and cleaning with Google Refine. Once we had all the keywords, we extracted the most relevant word, basing on the relevance and count estimation for each field, and assembled a new query.

The protocol /Shaping the corpus

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SecondModule

ALCHEMYAPI

CHIUSURAILVA

TARANTO

ILVATARANTO

SALUTE

LAVORO

ECONOMIA

AMBIENTE

TUMORI

FERIE FORZATE

INVESTIMENTO

INQUINAMENTO

FirstModule

SecondModule

+

+

160Urls

160Urls

+

CHIUSURAILVA

TARANTO

ILVATARANTO

FIR

ST Q

UE

RY

SE

CO

ND

QU

ER

Y

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The protocol /Shaping the corpus

/First query/Second query

Economy

Work

Health

Environment

The result of the first two queries made with Google. First set and second set are result of the same macro topic research

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/320 URLs

Economy

Employment

Health

Environment

Complete corpus of 320 links, result of 16 different queries of 20 URLs each.

comitatopertaranto.blogspot.it

ilfattoquotidiano.it

ilvataranto.com

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Once that our corpus has been created we started indexing it. We manually opened every link and searched for its identity page in order to divide them in two different categories: type and theme of the website.The type description helps us under-stand what kind of website does people prefer to read or comment about case Ilva; we divided them as news, blogs, official websites, Wikipedia and Face-book pages.The theme describes what kind of top-ics does usually a website analyze. In these case the division is less standard because we are tackling a specific event that doesn’t have a significant interna-tional echo. We decided to set eleven different themes: News, Taranto, Work, Economy, Ilva, Environment, Health, Politics and Unions.

Indexing the corpusIs every link the same?

After systemizing the corpus we visual-ized, through Parallel Set and with the help of D3JS data library, the connec-tions between the websites and the themes or types. This helped us under-stand which couples of theme and type were more frequently linked.

Type: as one could expect, being our main topic linked to an important news story, the biggest part of our corpus belongs to the news category. In fact more than 81% of Google’s results link to a newspaper, the rest is divided between blogs (11%), official pages (6%), leaving Wikipedia and Facebook with only the 2%.Themes: for the same reason we have similar values, when examining what kind of argument does these websites investigate. Most of the URLs belong

to the editorial theme (74%). Then in order there are Ilva related pages, Envi-ronmental ones, Work ones, Taranto’s and without real difference Economy, Health, Politics, Unions and Tourism.

The protocol /Indexing the corpus

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This graph, built with Parallel Sets, shows how the URLs are grouped as themes and typology

Queries

Tipology

Tipology

Theme

Ambiente Inquinamento Salute Tumori Economia Investimento Lavoro Ferie Forzate

Taranto

NewsNews

Blog

Wiki

FB pages

Employm

entEconom

yIlva

Enviroment

HealthPoliticUnions

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Once we had divided all the Urls that came from our queries, we plotted them as a net graph using Gephi. This process highlighted which of these internet pages were a result of differ-ent Google researches. We can see how we have 39 websites that come from different general topics (this explains why there aren’t actually 320 nodes in this visualization); of these only three, ”comitatopertaranto.blogspot.it”, “ilvataranto.it” and “ilfattoquotidiano.it”, were present in all four topics. Then we we decided to focus our at-tention on the news-not news division that we had found out when indexing the corpus. Of the initial results only 19 weren’t chronicle related; only eight of these appear linked to different queries.This graph lead us to a consecutive

The corpus’ netWhere are the links from?

analysis on the difference between newspapers and other Urls when speaking about acquiring, elaborating and re-sharing information (go and see chapter “The Focus”.)

The protocol /The corpus’ net

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/Newspapers/Other websites

Economy

Emploiment

Health

Environment

These complementary net graphs show the amount of newspaper and other URLs web pages and how they can be reached from a query .

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When researching how Internet users deliver and share information about an event you cannot simply stop at a superficial Google web search. The soundest process is to attempt to reach the lowest and the most nested level where the data is born and then, as a family tree, follow its branches and find out who are its sons.When looking for a net of information that sprouts by a physical event, this process is a lot more complicated. One of the solutions, and the one that we executed, is to start from the very last annex and backtrack your way through how many levels it seems useful.To extract every page that is linked to our selected one (this has to be done with every non duplicate webpage found in the corpus) we used Navi-Crawler by WebAtlas.

Finding net alliesHow much are the websites linked?

This software returns every homepage link that is present in the Html of the website that he was fed, analyzing the “HREF” attribute.In our case none of the initial pages were removed so that any important link could be present in our report (even the social networks like Facebook and YouTube were kept as news and communication depend everyday more from this kind of social platforms). The crawling has been made for the entire corpus returning us with a net com-posed by more than fifteen hundreds webpages; after a manual skimming, that deleted all the self-linking pages –like the ones coming from the news-pages - and all the ones that didn’t have to do with the Ilva case, only 792 non duplicate links were left.

The protocol /Finding net allies

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This net shows how the corpus expands itself when we analyze its outgoing links; some websites are highlighted

/Next

Google

Corpus

Next

comitatopertaranto.blogspot.it

pontiniaecologia.blogspot.it

earthday.net

scienzaesalute.blogosfere.it

radiopopolaresalento

peacelinkwwf.it

ilvataranto.com

ilvataranto.it

greenpeace.it

wikipedia.org

centrostudiilva.it

gadlerner

tarantolibera.wordpress.it

arcoris.tv

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Once the nature of the net and of the URLs is analyzed, a more qualitative analysis can take place. We went back to the initial corpus, composed by the 320 results, we fed it to Alchemy API asking it to give us back the cho-sen words with their relevance. The software returned us more than 5400 keywords which where put in Google Refine and clustered both manually and automatically.

At the end of this process we ended with 700 single keywords; these were again ordered and filtrated by the number of times they were given as a relevant word leaving us with 497.We had now a different set of words that could be compared to the ones coming out from the first Alchemy API’s analysis (go and see “Shaping the

Semanticaly speakingHow does the user express oneself?

Corpus”). To better understand if the words that we initially decided for the query (ferie forzate, inquinamento, in-vestimento and tumori) were coherent with our new corpus we had to manu-ally relate every single keyword to our 4 main topics (Economy, Environment, Health and Work).We analyzed the words with the help of an Italian dictionary and thesaurus to keep the protocol as impartial as possible.

The protocol /Semanticaly speaking

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ALCHEMYAPI

CORPUS

TEXTFACET

CLUSTERING

LEVENSHTEIN

PPM

COLOGNEPHONETIC

METAPHONE3

NGRAMFINGERPRINT

FINGERPRINT

GOOGLEREFINE THESAURUS

TYPOLOGY

KEYCOLLISION

NEARESTNEIGHBOR

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The protocol /Semanticaly speaking

ECONOMY

BILANCIOBIOLOGIA

ECONOMIAE DIRITTO

BILANCIO DEGLIENTI LOCALI

RETTA DELBILANCIO

B. D’impresaB. Dello statoB. Preventivo e consultivoB. Annuale e pluriennalePolitica (o manovra) di bilancio

B. Economico nazionale

B. Organico

SEMANTICTHEMESWORD

SEMANTICUSES

PROTOCOLTHEMECHECK IF

NEEDED

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/Themes

Economy

Emploiment

Health

Environment

Percentage of the most discussed themes and relevance of the initial keywords and the ones coming out from the total queries.

Ricoveri

Danno sanitario

Perizia Epidemiologica

Mortalità

Tumori

Emissioni nocive

Diossina

Impatto am

bientale

Inquinamento

Disastro ambientale

Insostenibilità economica

Crisi economica

Interventi strutturali

Investimenti

Sindacati

Ferie Forzate

Decreto salva-Ilva

Lavoratori

Aia

21% 19%

13%

46%

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The previous graph also showed which theme is the most talked about. This simple acknowledgment made us won-der which of the names that were re-trieved as keywords by Alchemy API’s algorithm were the main actors.Again for the sake of understanding which type of actors we are talking about, another categorization had to take place. The actors are classified relying on their role in society and/or politics; this manual process it’s made with Wikipedia’s help in order to give the correct typology to the actors. We defined five kind of actors: the Ilva affiliates, the ones that are a member of any institution, the citizens, the union constituents and the environ-mentalists.

Actors’ profilingDiscovering who are we talking about

Every actor has been classified in one of this types and the distributed based on their relevance. As we can see the members of the establishment are the most present, an example are Beppe Grillo, Patrizia Todisco, Mario Monti and Corrado Clini.

The protocol /Actor’s profiling

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/Actors

Ilva

Istitutions

Citizens

Unions

Actors displayed by relevance, us-ing the radius of the planet system, and amount of times the keyword is given back, the radius of the dots

Environmentalists

Relevance0.7

0.8

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.20.10

Regione Puglia

Fiom

Bol

la

residenti

Fiom C

gil

ricercatori

France

sco Z

acca

ria

Riva

Claudio

Claudio Sam

martino

magistratura

com

miss

ario

stra

ordina

rio

Marco Bentivogli

Mario M

onti

Do

men

ico

Cru

pi

Do

nato

Ste

fane

lliE

man

uela

Lat

erza

Em

ilio

Riv

aE

nric

o M

artin

oes

pone

nti p

oliti

ciEt

tore

Att

olin

iFa

bio

Riv

aFi

mFi

m C

islFi

om

cons

iglie

re c

omun

ale

cons

iglio

di

cons

iglio

regi

onal

e

Corr

ado

Clin

i

Cor

rado

Pas

sera

cust

odi g

iudi

ziar

i

dipe

nden

ti

dire

ttor

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ell'I

lva

dire

ttor

e g

ener

ale

dire

ttor

e sc

ient

ico

dir

igen

za d

ell'I

lva

Franco Sebasti

o

Giancarlo de Cataldo

Gianni Florido

Giorgio Assennato

Gip

Gip Patrizia Todisco

Girolamo Archina

governo Monti

Gruppo Riva

Ilva

Ilva Spa

Ippazio StefanoIstituto SuperioreIstituto Superiore di Sanità istituzioni Italsider lavoratori leader Cisl legambiente

Luigi Angeletti

Luigi Capogrosso

Luigi Sbarra

Palazzo

Chig

ip

eacelinkp

oliticip

opolazione

presid

ente dell'Ilva

procuraprocura locale

procuratorepubblica accusa

pubblica amm

inistrazione

Raaele Bonanni

Maurizio Landini

Michele Conserva

Mim

mo Panarelli

ministro

ministro dell'am

biente

ministro della salute

Nichi V

endola

Nicola R

iva

operai

organizzazio

ni sindacali

segretario confederale

Silvio Berlusconi

sindacalisti

sindacati

sindacati locali

Uilm Uil

Unione Europea

Vilma Gilli

Vittorio Cogliati Dezza

Alessandro MarescottiambientalistiAngelo Bonelliassessore all'ambiente

assessore provincialeassociazioni autorità

giudiziaria

Bruno Ferrante

Cislcitta

dini

00000Wordcount

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Chapter 3The focus

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As we have anticipated initially, during the semantic analysis we noticed that the terminology used by the online users display words that could be easily grouped into different themes: Econ-omy, Employment , Environment and Health.Once defined this division we ana-lyzed the sentiment of the corpus, by manually reading it; we found out that between this imaginary factions the main debate is between Employment and Health (even if economic and envi-ronmental reasons come in play).The focus is not only limited to the theme of the research but also to the type of website. Knowing the substan-tial difference between the number of URLs that are news-pages (almost the 94%) and the remaining 6% not relate to the any report column, we found

Exploding the webAnalyzing each part of Internet

our idea of separating them and study them individually an educated choice.As this next part of the protocol unfolds we will repeat many times a qualitative analysis with the instrument Alchemy API to understand if the vocabulary of the web is really different if studied in its various fields. Many questions arose by when we highlighted the news and the blogs: do they talk about the same topic? And do they speak in the same way? Are the twenty keywords we ex-tracted from our initial corpus actually fit for these subsets?Since newspapers can be easily tracked in time we decided to start with this same analysis; we asked ourselves if the timeline of their articles, both by amount of articles and words used, were similar to the general corpus ones or the non-news websites.

The focus /Exploding the web

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ILVACASE

TYPEFOCUS

VS

THEMEFOCUS

NEWS NONNEWS VS

FB PAGESWIKIOFFICIALWEBSITEBLOGLA REPUBBLICA

BARICORRIERE

DEL MEZZOGIORNO

HEALTHE MPLOYMENT

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The starting point for the analysis of journalism online influence, and particularly how many articles excite our case’s debate, is to choose which of the national newspapers that better ad-dressed the issue. To do this we have to study the different factors that make a newspaper fit to the analysis: the gen-eral circulation, the distribution, the number of monthly impressions online and most important, the newspaper had to be present in our corpus.The most adequate one was La Repub-blica; the choice fell on it also for the possibility of geo-location made possi-ble by the presence of an editorial staff in Bari.To make a comparison, and see if dif-ferent papers deal with case Ilva in a different way, we repeated this election process and found a second newspaper,

Reading the newsLearning the true source of web data

who was in size, geo-location and so-ciopolitical weight equivalent to La Re-pubblica: Il Corriere del Mezzogiorno, local edition of the best-known Corriere della Sera.

The focus /Reading the news

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ONLYNEWS

GEO LOCALIZATION

ONLINEIMPRESSIONS

DISTRIBUTION

GENERALCIRCULATION

CORPUS

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Both papers, in the period analyzed (17 May 2008 - 1 December 2012) report a similar number of articles concerning the case Ilva (about 400).We collected all the articles that were on both the websites in the specific lapse of time and divided them in groups based on the week the were written; the aim of this process was to draw a chronological sequence of case Ilva, as seen by newspapers, and de-termine whether, based on the occur-ring events, the dispute would become unbalanced, to one side or the other.

To verify this imbalance we analyze the relevance of the pieces’ using Alchemy API; once we skimmed the results with Google Refine, we grouped the key-words related to Health and Work and drew a timeline with two lines (Health and Work) that showed how the impor-

tance of the theme changed from week to week. It was found that the two newspapers had points in common and points behind.

The focus/Reading the news

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/Amount of articles

La Repubblica Bari

Corriere del Mezzogiorno

Comparison between the amount of articles made by Corriere del Mezzogiorno and by Bari-Repub-blica about Ilva in the last two years

Weeks

Amount of posts

5

10

15

20

25

30

19.5.2010Nicola Riva becameIlva’s president

26.7.2012Order for seizure of

production plants

13.8.2012Italian Government appeals to consult

27.9.201248 hours strike to defend employment

27.11.2012Workers occupyIlva’s direction

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/La Repubblica Bari

Health

Employment

Timeline of the amount of Health and Employment related keyword from the Repubblica, below a graph that displays the words resulted as keywords


Aiaambientale

ambientalistiArpa

associazioni ambientalisteautorizzazione

cassa integrazioneciclo produttivo

class actioncommissione ambiente

decreto leggedecreto salva-Ilva

diossinadisastro ambientale

economia italianaemissioni nocive

ferie forzateFim Cisl

Fiom Cgilimpatto sanitario

impiantiinquinamento

interventi strutturaliinvestimenti d’Europa

lavoratorilavori pubbliciLegambiente

malattieministero dell'Ambiente

operaiorganismo umano

perizia epidemiologicapiano operativo

produzionericadute occupazionali

salutesalvaguardia dell'ambiente

scioperosindacati

sostanze inquinantisviluppo economico

tavolo istituzionaletavolo tecnico

tecnologietumori

tutela dell'occupazionevittime

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Weeks

Average Relevance X amount of posts

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/Corriere del Mezzogiorno

Health

Employment

Timeline of the amount of Health and Employment related keyword from the Corriere del Mezzogiorno, below a graph that displays the words resulted as keywords

Aiaambientale

ambientalistiambiente

antidiossinaassociazioni ambientaliste

cassa integrazionecokerie

crisi economicadiossina

disastro ambientaledisastro colposoemissioni nocive

Fim Cislidrocarburi

impiantiimpatto ambientale

industrialeinquinamento

investimentilavoratori

lavoromalattia

migliori tecnologieMinistro dell'ambiente

operaiorganizzazioni sindacaliperizia epidemiologica

presidente ilvarelazioni industriali

riunione tecnicasiderurgico

stabilimentostabilimento siderurgico

tavolo tecnicotrasformatori

treno nastri

Weeks


2

4

6

8

10

12

14

42

As expected both papers before the day the court order had been given, July26th 2012, dealt with the issue in a discontinuous and slightly marked way; between the two it was the Corri-ere del Mezzogiorno that addressed the issue more often and with a number of articles per week more constant, although always very low. After the verdict of the court we can notice a sud-den, but foreseeable, increase in the number of articles which rose from less than 10 per week to a peak of 50/60.The difference between the newspapers is how they address the theme, prob-ably due to the editorial policy, and which are the most relevant keywords therefore to what they refer to, busi-ness or health.To better confront the two we created a scale from -1 to 1 that is based on the

interlacing of: Alchemy API’s key-words, their categorization as Health related (+1) and Work related(-1), the division of articles in a week by week time lapse. We can see how bari.repubblica.it ad-dresses the issue in a more homogene-ous way; Health and Work go hand in hand, without ever having one domi-nating over the other, in fact the total average of the three years relevance moves to the issue of Health only a 0.02, on the scale from 0 to 1.On the contrary corrieredelmezzo-giorno.it is much more focused on the theme of Work; in fact it has a much higher average relevance com-pared to Health. In particular, in the recent months the issue of Health is completely gone, leaving only the job related keywords. The Corriere has a

total average relevance lower than -0.1 (it means 0.1 in favor of work).


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Difference between the average rel-evance of employment and health related keywords by weeks and by newspaper.EMPLOYMENT

HEALTH

+0.02

-0.10

0

+0.2

+0.4

+0.6

+0.8

+1.0

-0.2

-0.4

-0.6

-0.8

-1.0

Weeks

/Average relevance

La Repubblica Bari


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Tumori

Mortalità

Perizia epidemiologica

Danno sanitario

Ricoveri

Aia

Lavoratori

Decreto salva-Ilva

Ferie forzate

Sindacati

Disastro ambientale

Investimenti

Inquinamento


Impatto ambientale

Crisi economica

Diossina

Insostenibilità Ec.

Emissioni Nocive

Bonifica

La Repubblica Bari


20

02468

1012141618

20

02468

1012141618


20

02468

1012141618

20

02468

1012141618

Average relevance per post in the last two years for Bari-Repubblica; the words were analyzed with Alchemy API and the thesaurus, grouped by theme and confronted with the original ones.



HEALTH ENVIRONMENT

EMPLOYMENT ECONOMY

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/Keywords relevanceLa Repubblica Bari

Health

Employment

Months


20

22

24

26

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Timeline of the amount of Health and Employment related keyword from the Corriere del Mezzogiorno by month

46


20

02468

1012141618

20

02468

1012141618

20

02468

1012141618

20

02468

1012141618






Tumori

Mortalità

Perizia epidemiologica

Danno sanitario

Ricoveri

Aia

Lavoratori

Decreto salva-Ilva

Ferie forzate

Sindacati

Disastro ambientale

Investimenti

Inquinamento


Impatto ambientale

Crisi economica

Diossina

Insostenibilità Ec.

Emissioni Nocive

Bonifica

HEALTH ENVIRONMENT

EMPLOYMENT ECONOMY

Average relevance per post in the last two years for Corriere del Mezzogiorno; the words were analyzed with Alchemy API and the thesaurus, grouped by theme and confronted with the original ones.

47

Months


20

22

24

26

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Health

Employment

/Keywords relevanceCorriere del Mezzogiorno

Timeline of the amount of Health and Employment related keyword from the Corriere del Mezzogiorno by month

48

When we split the websites between newspapers and other types of web pages we said that only 19 sites of the corpus were part of the non-journalis-tic category.As we did for the Corriere and Repub-blica we followed the qualitative and unbiased process, based on Alchemy API, to find which words were the most important.We collected every appropriate text of these URLs and fed them to Densityde-sign powered Alchemy API to have back all the keywords. Once we had them, we cleaned them using Google Refine and Excel and plotted a bar graph having the vertical axis as the aver-age relevance (the negative part refers to Work, the positive one to Health). The relevance was then crossed with how many keywords did Alchemy API

User based websiteUnderstanding the sentiment of the people

returned us from each website (X axis).We discovered a very unpredictable fact: the supposition we had about the people talking mainly about Health related issues in opposition of Employ-ment ones was false. We can see how both the number of websites and the average relevance of the keywords is shifted towards work. In a debate were people might die or lose their jobs the public concern is more direct to the sec-ond one. This is sometimes almost un-congrous with the nature of some web-sites: the fact that blogs or web pages that talk mainly about environment and health, as Greenbiz.com, Pontiniaeco-logia.it or Ecoblog.it, have an average relevance that is lower than Wikipedia or Tarantocity.com when talking about work is some what striking.

The focus /User based website

49

Keywords count

EMPLOYMENT

HEALTH

+0.05

5

+0.10

+0.15

+0.20

+0.25

-0.05

-0.10

-0.15

-0.20

-0.25

010 15 20 25 30 35 404 5 50

scienzaesalute

ecoblogtarantocitygadlerner

globalproject

saavy

pdgenovaw

ikipediacom

itatopertaranto

ilvataranto

facebooktarantocontro

dica33

ecoo

beppegrillocentrostudiilva

pontiniaecologiagreenbiz

Classification of blogs by type of website. Each blog is shifted to health or employment based on the average keyword count.

/Average relevance

Blogs

Forum

Official Websites

News

Wikipedia

Facebook

50

We can see how they are balanced between Health and Work; at the same time is interesting to notice the forum, as a people drive pages, is shifted on the right part of the graph but Wiki-pedia and the majority of the official webpages are more shifted toward the work theme.

Having very few sites to analyze this kind of comment could be easily a result of a superficial study. To have a more realistic feedback we decided to use NaviCrawler to see which of these blogs and similar pages are linked to. After seeing the connections between this websites and the ones one step deeper –which included also newspaper sites– we decided to repeat this same process again to validate the first level of the crawl.

Then the final network features three different levels:- Google queries results- the first level of the crawl- the second level of the crawlOnce both the levels of the crawl where complete we categorized our websites, up to the first level of next, in order to see which kind most linked out creat-ing its net. As we can easily see the greatest net belongs to comitatoperta-ranto.blogspot.it. If we analyze the first level without it we can how the absence of this page would critically change of the web alliances would be. At the same time we can notice how among the ‘receiving’ nodes there are a lot of the newspaper; this confirms the initial argument made with the Google Research, newspapers drive the infor-mation flow (as was expected).


51

bloga

ctiond

ay.org

comitat

ope

rtaran

to.blogs

pot.co

m

comitat

ope

rtar

anto

.blogs

pot.it

ecoalfa

beta

.blogo

sfer

e.it

ecoo.it

gian

nimac

chia.blogs

pot.co

mioba

lloda

sola8.blogs

pot.co

mossincn

uc.blogs

pot.co

m

pont

iniaec

ologia.blogs

pot.it

pres

idiope

rman

ente

.blogs

pot.co

mrivo

luzione

verd

e.word

pres

s.co

mwec

anliv

egre

en.w

ord

pres

s.co

maia.minam

bien

te.it

wwf.it

arpa

.pug

lia.it

cart.anc

itel.it

cartad

ellate

rra.it

earthd

ay.net

eea.eu

ropa

.eu

eper

.sinan

et.apa

t.it

gree

npea

ce.it

lega

mbien

te.eu

lega

mbien

teta

ranto.eu

loca

l.it.ee

a.eu

ropa

.eu

pattomut

uoso

ccorso.org

peac

elink.it

svilu

pposo

sten

ibile

.bar

i.it

terraf

utura.it

cambiam

oar

ia.org

confer

enza

cambiam

enticlim

atici2007.it

lipu.it

vigilia

mope

rlad

isca

rica

.itac

quab

enec

omun

e.org

casa

rinno

vabile.it

edilp

ortale.co

med

izioniam

bien

te.it

lamiaar

ia.it

lanu

ova

ecologia.it

banc

aditalia.it

cent

rostud

iilva

.com

cent

rostud

iilva

.itilv

apro

gettosc

uole.it

ilvat

aran

to.com

ilvat

aran

to.it

riva

group

.com

tara

ntoco

ntro

.blogs

pot.it

fond

azione

ansa

ldo.it

wikinew

s.org

wikiped

ia.org

conq

uisted

ellavo

ro.it

blogo

.itblogo

sfer

e.it

cittad

inan

zaat

tiva

lizza

no.blogs

pot.co

mcrona

caea

ttua

lita.blogo

sfere.it

editoriaind

ipen

dent

e.it

globa

lpro

ject

.info

gree

nbiz.it

ilcitta

dino

x.co

mlabu

at.w

ord

pres

s.co

mnu

ovo

sens

ocivico

.blogs

pot.co

mpe

tizione

pubb

lica.it

saav

y.org

salent

ono

war

.blogs

pot.co

msp

arta

us.splinde

r.co

msu

burb

anaf

estiva

l.blogs

pot.co

mth

esca

man

ti.w

ord

pres

s.co

mtu

ttoilres

to-n

oia.blogs

pot.co

mva

lent

inad

amico.w

ord

pres

s.co

mca

rta.org

comun

ivirtu

osi.org

gadler

ner.it

gree

n.tv

istituto

svilu

ppo.it

radiopo

polare

salent

o.it

rai.it

regione

.lazio.it

regione

.pug

lia.it

sudinm

ovimen

to.com

telefree

.itales

sand

rogu

ido.it

liber

ainform

azione

.org

segn

ourba

no.it

adnk

rono

s.co

mag

enpa

rl.it

agi.it

ales

sand

rolang

iu.it

ansa

.itas

ca.it

bari.rep

ubblica.it

corg

iorno.it

corriere

delm

ezzo

giorno.it

espr

esso

.iteu

rone

ws.co

m

ildialogo

.org

ilfat

toqu

otidian

o.it

ilmeridiano

.info

ilmes

sagg

ero.it

ilnotizian

golo.it

il-po

nte.info

ilsole24

ore

.com

iltem

po.it

ilvelino.it

inch

iestan

apoli.it

laga

zzet

tade

lmez

zogiorno.it

yourep

orter

news.it

palerm

o.rep

ubblica.it

parvap

olis

.itre

pubb

lica.it

tisc

ali.it

tmne

ws.it

virg

ilio.it

bepp

egrillo

.itse

nato

perir

agaz

zi.it

anto

niodipiet

ro.it

ec.europa

.eu

pdge

nova

.itpr

tr.ec.eu

ropa

.eu

arte

esalut

e.blogo

sfere.it

scienz

aesa

lute

.blogo

sfer

e.it

unitiper

lasa

lute

.blogs

pot.co

mail.tar

anto

.itnc

bi.nlm

.nih.gov

dica

33.it

face

book.co

mep

ipre

v.it

mag

icap

uglia

.blogs

pot.co

mside

rlan

dia.it

tara

ntolib

era.word

pres

s.co

mcs

vtar

anto

.org

italiano

stra

tara

nto.it

sita

rant

o.it

tara

ntocity.com

tara

ntosu

pporters.it

vivita

rant

o.eu

tara

ntovilla

ge.it

/Links

Official Websites

Blog

Forum

Facebook

First crawl made from the non-news websites. The nodes are dif-ferentiated but the typology color and displayed in order by theme.

Wiki

News

52

bloga

ctiond

ay.org

comitat

ope

rtaran

to.blogs

pot.co

m

comitat

ope

rtar

anto

.blogs

pot.it

ecoo.it

gian

nimac

chia.blogs

pot.co

mioba

lloda

sola8.blogs

pot.co

mossincn

uc.blogs

pot.co

m

pres

idiope

rman

ente

.blogs

pot.co

mrivo

luzione

verd

e.word

pres

s.co

mwec

anliv

egre

en.w

ord

pres

s.co

maia.minam

bien

te.it

arpa

.pug

lia.it

cart.anc

itel.it

cartad

ellate

rra.it

earthd

ay.net

eea.eu

ropa

.eu

eper

.sinan

et.apa

t.it

gree

npea

ce.it

lega

mbien

te.eu

loca

l.it.ee

a.eu

ropa

.eu

pattomut

uoso

ccorso.org

svilu

pposo

sten

ibile

.bar

i.it

terraf

utura.it

cambiam

oar

ia.org

confer

enza

cambiam

enticlim

atici2007.it

lipu.it

vigilia

mope

rlad

isca

rica

.itac

quab

enec

omun

e.org

casa

rinno

vabile.it

edizioniam

bien

te.it

tara

ntoco

ntro

.blogs

pot.it

conq

uisted

ellavo

ro.it

cittad

inan

zaat

tiva

lizza

no.blogs

pot.co

m

editoriaind

ipen

dent

e.it

globa

lpro

ject

.info

gree

nbiz.it

ilcitta

dino

x.co

mlabu

at.w

ord

pres

s.co

mnu

ovo

sens

ocivico

.blogs

pot.co

mpe

tizione

pubb

lica.it

salent

ono

war

.blogs

pot.co

msp

arta

us.splinde

r.co

msu

burb

anaf

estiva

l.blogs

pot.co

mth

esca

man

ti.w

ord

pres

s.co

mtu

ttoilres

to-n

oia.blogs

pot.co

mva

lent

inad

amico.w

ord

pres

s.co

mca

rta.org

comun

ivirtu

osi.org

gree

n.tv

istituto

svilu

ppo.it

radiopo

polare

salent

o.it

regione

.pug

lia.it

sudinm

ovimen

to.com

ales

sand

rogu

ido.it

liber

ainform

azione

.org

segn

ourba

no.it

adnk

rono

s.co

mag

enpa

rl.it

agi.it

ales

sand

rolang

iu.it

ansa

.itas

ca.it

bari.rep

ubblica.it

corg

iorno.it

corriere

delm

ezzo

giorno.it

euro

news.co

m

ildialogo

.org

ilmeridiano

.info

ilsole24

ore

.com

inch

iestan

apoli.it

laga

zzet

tade

lmez

zogiorno.it

yourep

orter

news.it

palerm

o.rep

ubblica.it

tmne

ws.it

virg

ilio.it

sena

tope

rirag

azzi.it

ec.europa

.eu

pdge

nova

.itpr

tr.ec.eu

ropa

.eu

unitiper

lasa

lute

.blogs

pot.co

mail.tar

anto

.itnc

bi.nlm

.nih.gov

dica

33.it

face

book.co

mep

ipre

v.it

mag

icap

uglia

.blogs

pot.co

mside

rlan

dia.it

tara

ntolib

era.word

pres

s.co

mcs

vtar

anto

.org

sita

rant

o.it

tara

ntocity.com

tara

ntosu

pporters.it

vivita

rant

o.eu

tara

ntovilla

ge.it/Focus 1

Official Websites

Blog

Forum

Facebook

Focus on the previous graph: we can see how comitatopertaranto.blogspot.it is the blog with more links.

Wiki

News


53

bloga

ctiond

ay.org

ecoalfa

beta

.blogo

sfer

e.it

pont

iniaec

ologia.blogs

pot.it

wwf.it

gree

npea

ce.it

lega

mbien

teta

rant

o.eu

peac

elink.it

edilp

ortale.co

m

lanu

ova

ecologia.it

banc

aditalia.it

cent

rostud

iilva

.com

cent

rostud

iilva

.itilv

apro

gettosc

uole.it

ilvat

aran

to.com

ilvat

aran

to.it

riva

group

.com

fond

azione

ansa

ldo.it

wikinew

s.org

wikiped

ia.org

blogo

.itblogo

sfer

e.it

crona

caea

ttua

lita.blogo

sfer

e.it

ilcitta

dino

x.co

m

saav

y.org

spar

taus

.splinde

r.co

m

valent

inad

amico.w

ord

pres

s.co

m

gadler

ner.it

rai.it

regione

.lazio.it

telefree

.it

adnk

rono

s.co

m

ansa

.it

bari.rep

ubblica.it

corriere

delm

ezzo

giorno.it

espr

esso

.it

ilfat

toqu

otidian

o.it

ilmes

sagg

ero.it

ilnotizian

golo.it

il-po

nte.info

iltem

po.it

ilvelino.it

parvap

olis

.itre

pubb

lica.it

tisc

ali.it

bepp

egrillo

.it

anto

niodipiet

ro.it

arte

esalut

e.blogo

sfer

e.it

scienz

aesa

lute

.blogo

sfer

e.it

italiano

stra

tara

nto.it /Focus 2

Official Websites

Blog

Forum

Facebook

Focus on the previous graph: every other website have a lot of con-nection but the alliances are more discreet.

Wiki

News

54

carlov

ulpio.wor

dpress

.com

cart.anc

itel.it

carta.or

gca

rtad

ellate

rra.it

casa

eclim

a.co

mce

m.coo

p

cent

rostud

iilva

.itch

iaiano

disc

arica.it

cittad

inan

zaattiva

lizza

no.blogs

pot.c

omcity-ins

trum

ents.eu

clim

atec

olab

.org

coba

t.it

coda

cons

.itco

meu

nuom

osullaterra.blog

spot

.com

comincialitalia.net

comitatod

iqua

rtiere.blogs

pot.c

omco

mitatop

ales

tina

bologn

a.blog

spot

.com

comitatop

ertarant

o.blog

spot

.com

compo

st.it

comun

e.ge

nova

.itco

mun

e.gr

ottaglie.ta

.itco

mun

e.tarant

o.it

comun

ivirtu

osi.o

rgco

nferen

zaca

mbiam

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atici2007.it

confro

nti.n

etco

nsted.co

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re.com

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pora.blogs

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ress.com

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dpress.com

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ione

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lis.org

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ites

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logs

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o.eu

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/Next-Next

Official Websites

Blog

Forum

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Wiki

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Second crawl made from the first crawl without news websites.

55

carlov

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Focus on the previous graph divided into websites typology.

/Focus

NEWS BLOG

OFFICIAL WEBSITES FORUM

56

After we studied the blogs and forums, there was only another important part of the Internet experience that was missing from our analysis: the com-ments. The comments are very impor-tant because they are the instrument the average user uses to give oneself a voice; but the real problem of this pre-cious source in an web protocol is that there isn’t a real actor behind the ava-tar, even if you geolocalize the origin of the post with Geo-IP.Once again, we employed our impar-tial method of using Alchemy API to extract the relevance of the keywords. The corpus is later analyzed and cleaned to confront the word count, using the software Wordij, and the relevance of both our non-newspaper corpus (19 URLs) and our original 320 links corpus; like this we can realize

What do the users care for?Examining the comments

how much do the users and the web in general rely on the same words.As we have just seen in the non-news-paper chapter, the keywords that re-sulted from the use of Alchemy API on the comments corpus, present a higher average relevance in the employment related ones.In this case the sample of twenty key-words return use a majority of Health related words but woth a very low relevance; word as ‘tumori’ or ‘inquina-mento’ (tumors and pollution) are gi-cen back by Alchemy API a lot of times but the average importance of the word is very low, almost insignificant. On the contrary ‘lavoratori’ e ‘crisi econom-ica’ (workers and economic crysis) are both written a lot and the have a high relevance.

The focus /What do the users care for?

57

20 NEWKEYWORDS

20 OLDKEYWORDS

ALCHEMYAPI

VS

COMMENTS

58

Relevance0.7

0.8

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.20.10

conndus

tria

cisl

Ferra

nte

prob

lem

a sa

nita

rio

stab

ilim

ento

risan

amen

to a

mb

ient

ale

Clin

i

Vendola

governo

Riva

palazzo Chigi

tumore

sviluppo economico

comm

issione europea

regione P

uglia

Cap

og

rosso

cancro

Aia

ambiente

custodi giudiziari

/Comments analysis 1

Employment

Health

Wordcount

Planet system based on the original keywords, coming from the corpus, and the Alchemy API values extracted by the comment and cat-egorized by Health or Employment

The focus /What do the users care for?

59

tumori

mortalità

periz

ia e

pide

mio

logi

ca

dann

o sa

nita

rio

rico

veri

Aia

lavo

rato

ri

decre

to sa

lva-ilv

a

ferie forzate

sindacati

investimenti

interventi strutturali

crisi economica insostenibilità econom

ica

boni

ca

disastro am

bientale

inquinamento

impatto am

bientale

diossina

emissioni nocive

Relevance0.7

0.8

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.20.10

Arrangement of the new keywords extracted from the comments and ordered by relevance and grouped by Health or Employment

/Comments analysis 2

Employment

Health

Wordcount

60

The comparison is meant to analyze in what quantity the keywords are pre-sent in the texts of the four categories: non-newspapers websites, comments, and both newspapers, bari.repubblica and ilcorrieredelmezzogiorno.For each of these types it has been taken into consideration about the same amount of text (350 articles / post); these are then analyzed with the wordcount, either through the use of www.wordcount.pro and Wordij, after having exported the text from the html. As already did with the com-ments this comparison was carried out between two groups of keywords.he first group includes the 20 keywords result of the initial phase (go and see chapter “Semantically Speaking”). The second group is instead constituted by 20 most relevant keywords extracted by the body of the websites through Al-chemy API. Given the huge amount of

Final comparisonSumming up the words

text that was extracted by the original 320 Urls we decided to only analyze a specimen of our case study. We ran-domly sampled seven pages for each field (again two newspapers websites, the comments and the other urls) and fed them, all twenty-four, to Alchemy API. Once we had the definitive data we normalized it to the total basing the calculus on the previous results we had.

The focus /Final comparison

61

20 NEWKEYWORDS

20 OLDKEYWORDS

ALCHEMYAPI

CORPUS

VS

62

The focus /Final comparison

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Mortalità

Perizia

epidemiologica

Danno sanitarioRicoveriAia

LavoratoriDecreto

salva-Ilva

Ferie forzateSindacatiInvestim

entiInterventi

strutturaliCrisi econom

icaInsostenibilità

economica

BonificaDisastro

ambientale

Inquinamento

Impatto

ambientale

RicoveriEm

issioni nocive

Tumori

Blogs

Comments

La Repubblica Bari

Comparison of the initial twenty keywords, extracted from the cor-pus, between both the newspapers, the blogs and the comments.


/Comparison

63

Cisl

FerranteProblem

a

sanitario

Stabilimento

Risanamento

ambientale

Clini

VendolaGovernoRiva

Palazzo ChigiTum

ore

Sviluppo

economico

Comm

issione

europea

Regione PugliaCapogrossoCancro

Aia

Ambiente

Custodi giudiziari

Confindustria

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Blogs

Comments

La Repubblica Bari

Comparison of the new found twenty keywords, extracted from a new corpus made by every discovered sound, between both the newspapers, the blogs and the extracted comments.


/Comparison 2

65

Chapter 4Concluding

66

The outcome of our protocol is clear: the main Internet actor, as defined as type of web-pages, are the News. This was foreseeable being our protocol based on a media and political event that is mainly known for by its mass communication.The newspapers are the most impor-tant actors due to their production of actual data and the alliances they have with every other web typology, they have at least 80% of Ilva’s case weight online. The contents of these kind of articles are slightly different from each head newspaper; this difference is in-teresting to analyze while connecting the same data from the net of actors and the themes the newspaper talks about. This is highlights by the num-ber of linked articles that define where the users prefer to speak.

ConcludingDrawing together the threads

The other side of Internet’s coin is the user generated, or in this case modified and re-shared, content. Blogs and the other URLs are a lot more biased than their mass media counterparts; they aren’t obliged to follow a political nor social correctness or a truthful address. This can be seen in the semantic study, done with Alchemy API, that defines what do people speak about and which important words they use; in fact even if the protocol is meant to analyze the macro themes that the debate offers, this kind of study is meant to fragment the vocabulary used and give us back the details of the Internet tissue.An example is Comitatopertaranto.blogspot.it, a blog that is core of the non-newspaper websites net; this site connects to the both the main newspa-pers, by quoting their articles, and the

other URLs. The alliance that this web actor tied is very strong making him an important, even if not always updated to the last news, place to debate or get informations. Every instance of the protocol might come in contact with this kind of prime websites, this has to be taken in mind when tracking the next levels when performing a crawl. When looking for the semantic part of Internet, among the most important keywords, is easy to find some names of the actual controversy actors. As predictable the main names that are found are the ones of Ilva’s owners and other politicians that are directly involved in this debate. On the other part is strange to find names wthat are a part of the worker’s unions and even specific workers.Understanding what are they talk-

Concluding

67

ing about or who they are talking about helps us sculpt not only the web vocabulary but also the web’s public opinion. No matter how complex the issue is, there are always main topics to drive the debate; the initial part of the protocol helps us finding them so later every time we analyze the text in a qualitative way we can categorize our results.At this point we discovered that the focus of controversy, the Health or Employment debate, is not as black and white as one could think; even if we are talking about serious topics and about people’s lives being in danger not everyone’s opinion was in favor of Health preservation. As a matter of fact analyzing the protocol’s results one could see that even if the controversy burst due to sanitary problems, the

most tackled topic is the risk of unem-ployment. Not only this is shown by the newspapers but also in the com-ment analysis; even if it poses more health related websites that employ-ment ones, the average relevance of the latter is way higher than the first.Every analysis is then simplified and merged in a single one when making the final comparison; newspapers are always present when analyzing both the initial keywords, that are extracted from the corpus, and the new made one, the sampling of all the newspa-pers’ articles, the blogs and the com-ments. They are not just present but they are often the ones that have the higher amount of times the word is written (the values were normalized to a value of 300.000 to make the compa-rable); on the contrary blogs are a lot

more sporadic, they always have very little importance expect in some hot themes/words, as workers, govern-ment, establishment and Aia.The process is designed to make us un-derstand how Internet’s users live the event we chose to analyze, and can be used as a format for future issues that create controversies between the people and the media. When an argument comes to light and it is geographically framed, there are different parts that argue through mass media instru-ments and the one that suffers the change is not particularly bounded, this protocol can be executed to help us understand how we, as citizens of a country and the web, are living it.

68

Politecnico di Milano Scuola del design / Design della comunicazione

Density 8.0

Luca D’OnofrioPietro Guinea Montalvo

Mariangela LabrancaGiovanni MagniCarolina Mauri

Working Class Hero - The ILVA case

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Transcript of Working Class Hero - The ILVA case