WORK LIFE BALANCE OF EMPLOYEES IN MID-SIZE INDUSTRIES ...
Transcript of WORK LIFE BALANCE OF EMPLOYEES IN MID-SIZE INDUSTRIES ...
ISSN: 2394-3114 Vol-40-Issue 29-2020
Studies in Indian Place Names UGC Care Listed Journal
Copyright ©2020 Authors 15
WORK LIFE BALANCE OF EMPLOYEES IN MID-SIZE
INDUSTRIES EMPLOYEES BabinDhas. D
Assistant Professor, Loyola College Department of Business Administration, Chennai,
ORCID code: 0000-0001-7144-9081, [email protected].
Abstract
Work life balance is a concept which helps in giving priority to the work and life. The work life
balance varies for each individual, at all times. The right balance will be different for a single
person and a married person, for a fresher and an experienced worker. Referring to emotional
labor theory, this paper examines these interconnections by conducting a three-phase empirical
study in the Mid-size manufacturing industry. Results of the first study reveal that employees’
positive emotion display and emotional dissonance negatively influence employees’ work-life
balance which in turn drives employees’ affective commitment. Results of the second study
confirm emotional labor’s impact on their work-life balance perception. Conversely, job
satisfaction is solely influenced by emotional dissonance. Work-life balance and job satisfaction
further drive employees’ commitment. Results of the third study partially replicate these results:
Emotional labor negatively impacts on employees’ work-life balance and job satisfaction which
both drive their commitment.
Keywords: Positive emotion displays, emotional dissonance, job satisfaction, normative
commitment, affective commitment
INTRODUCTION
Trying to schedule an equal number of hours for each of our various work and personal activities is
usually unrewarding and unrealistic. Life is and should be more fluid. There is no perfect, one-size
fits all balance should be striving. The best work-life balance is different for each of us because we
all have different priorities and different lives. However, at the core of an effective work-life balance
definition are two key everyday concepts that are relevant to each. They are daily Achievement
and Enjoyment, ideas almost deceptive in their simplicity1.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
To study whether the employees of Mid-Size Industries Employees balance their work and life.
Secondary Objectives:
● To find out the area of difficulty for employee to balance their work and l life.
● To find out of the impact of work responsibility on social life.
● To find out the impact of home responsibility on professional life.
● To find out factors for smoother balance of work & family commitments.
● To examine the Work Life Balance perceptions of employee’s and its effects. 1 http://www.worklifebalance.com/work-life-balance-defined.html
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SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study helps to know the balance between time spent on employee’s work and personal life.
This study concentrates mainly on analyzing the effectiveness of Work Life Balance in MSME’s Work
Life Balance is used to measure the increase in individual capacity, personal health, relationships
and commitment. To develop the quality of work, work life balance is used.
● Work Life Balance is also used to improve the relationships in jobs. Work Life Balance is
used to lessen the tension of employees. The outcome of this study will give suggestions
for better work life balance of employees of MSME’s. It emphasizes on the approaches that
are adopted by the management to enhance their potential by encouraging them, leading to
have a contented and calm life.
● It focuses on the stress factors of the employee and betterment of the working conditions,
thereby helping employers to retain employees in the organization.
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
The limitations of the study were as follows:
● The major constraint of this study was time.
● The sample size is restricted to 121 and hence the conclusion may not be generalized for
the universe.
● The views expressed by the respondents may be influenced.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
The process used to collect information and data for the purpose of making business decisions. The
methodology include research publications, interviews, surveys and other research techniques, and
include both present and historical information2. It includes the following:
DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE
A questionnaire was used to collect primary data. The researcher met the respondents in their
respective place to conduct the survey. The respondents’ suggestion to the questions was noted
with care in the questionnaire. Their observation and ideas were cautiously observed and noted.
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES AND SIZE:
The technique adopted is non probability sampling and more specific convenience sampling. The
number of sampling units from the population for investigation denotes the size of the sample. 121
is fixed as the sample size from a population of many employees
STATISTICAL TOOLS USED:
The statistical tools for analyzing the study were
● Percentage Analysis
● Weighted Average
● Chi-square Analysis
2 http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/research-methodology.html
ISSN: 2394-3114 Vol-40-Issue 29-2020
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PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS
Table No.1 Table showing age wise classification of respondents
Age No of respondent Percentages
20-40 yrs 39 32.23
40-50 yrs 54 44.63
50 yrs above 28 23.14
Total 121 100
Interpretation:
From the above table it is inferred that 44.63% of the respondents were between the age group of
40 to 50 years.
Table No. 2 Table showing education wise classification
Qualification Frequency Percentages
Under Graduation 43 35.54
Post-Graduation 65 53.72
Others 13 10.74
Total 121 100
Interpretation:
The above table depicts that majority (53.72%) of the respondents were post graduates.
Table No.3 Table showing opinion about allocation of time for friends by respondents
WEIGHTED AVERAGE METHOD
Option F W FW RANK
Highly agree 73 5 365 1
Agree 33 4 132 2
Neither agree nor disagree 0 3 0 4
Disagree 15 2 30 3
Highly disagree 0 1 0 5
Total 121 527
Interpretation
The above table clearly explains that majority of the respondents highly agree that they have
enough time to spend with their friends apart from their work schedule.
ISSN: 2394-3114 Vol-40-Issue 29-2020
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Table No. 4 Table showing opinion regarding reaching home on time
Option F W FW RANK
Highly agree 54 5 270 1
Agree 15 4 60 3
Neither agree nor disagree 0 3 0 5
Disagree 43 2 86 2
Highly disagree 9 1 9 4
Total 121 425
Interpretation
From the above table it is inferred that majority of the respondents highly agree that they can
reach home on time from their work place.
CHI-SQUARE ANALYSIS
TEST I
Chi Square test is used to check the relationship between the age and tired for attention at home
because of job.
Null Hypothesis (Ho) = There is no significant association between the age and tired for
attention at home because of job.
Alternative Hypothesis (H ) = There is a significant association between the age and tired for
attention at home because of job.
Table No.5 Chi Square Test I
Age / tiredness Yes No Total
31-40 yrs 9 30 39
40-50 yrs 18 36 54
50 yrs above 10 18 28
Total 37 84 121
Chi-Square Tests
Value Degrees of freedom Significance
Pearson Chi-Square 1.574812 2 0.455
INTERPRETATION:
Since the significance value is more than 0.05. The null hypothesis is accepted and the alternative
hypothesis is rejected. There is no relationship between the age and tired for attention at home
because of job.
ISSN: 2394-3114 Vol-40-Issue 29-2020
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TEST II
Chi Square test is used to check the relationship between the age and usage of all allotted
vacations
Null Hypothesis (Ho) = There is no significant association between the age and usage of all
allotted vacations
Alternative Hypothesis (H1) = There is a significant association between the age and usage of
all allotted vacations
Table No.6 Chi Square Test II
Age / Usage of vacations Yes No Total
31-40 yrs 30 9 39
40-50 yrs 36 18 54
50 yrs above 17 11 28
Total 83 38 121
Chi-Square Tests
Value Degrees of freedom Significance
Pearson Chi-Square 2.156077 2 0.340
INTERPRETATION:
Since the significance value is more than 0.05 the null hypothesis is accepted and the alternative
hypothesis is rejected. There is no significant association between the age and usage of all allotted
vacations.
TEST III
Chi Square test is used to check the relationship between education and whether they feel control
over their work or not.
Null Hypothesis (Ho) = There is no significant association between education and whether they
feel control over their work or not.
Alternative Hypothesis (H1) = There is a significant association between education and whether
they feel control over their work or not.
Table No.7 Chi Square Test III
Education/Control over
work
Yes No Total
UG 28 15 43
PG 29 36 65
ISSN: 2394-3114 Vol-40-Issue 29-2020
Studies in Indian Place Names UGC Care Listed Journal
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Others 7 6 13
Total 64 57 121
Chi-Square Tests
Value Degrees of freedom Significance
Pearson Chi-Square 4.370671 2 0.112
INTERPRETATION:
Since the significance value 0.112 is more than 0.05. The null hypothesis is accepted and the
alternative hypothesis is rejected. There is no significant association between education and
whether they feel control over their work or not.
CONCLUSION
The concept of balancing work and personnel life is very important. The study has concentrated
on the work life balance of MSME’s. The employees have to balance their work life timing and
personnel life as well. A few drawbacks were found and remedies are suggested. Regular effort to
keep up a work balance and balancing between the accountability to the family and expectation of
the organization can have severe implication on the life of the individual. Therefore, to accomplish
their personal and professional aim, maintaining a strong balance between work and social life is
important for employees.
REFERENCES
[1] Burke, R.J. and McKeen, C. “work and family: What we know and what we need to know,”
Canadian Journal of Administrative Studies, Vol.5, 1996.
[2] Linda, Christopher Higgins, and Catherine Lee. Balancing Work and Family Roles: An Evaluation
of Alternative work Arrangements, Prepared for Health Canada, National Health Research and
Development Program, 1993.
[3] Greenhaus, Jeffrey H. “The intersection of work and family roles: Individual, interpersonal, and
organizational issues.” Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, Vol. 3 & 4, 1988.
WEB SEARCH:
www.work-life balance.com
www.humanresourcedevelopment.com