Words

•Luddism•Chartism•Socialism •Utopians•Humanitarians

Housekeeping

•Your homework is due now.•If you didn’t do it, get it done.•Your essay is due Friday.•Report cards are being completed this

weekend, not handed in assignments will be given a zero.

•If you need to know your grade or missing assignments, see me during tutorial.

Chapter 4Reponses to Classical LiberalismSocial 30-1

Quick Review

•What led to Laissez-Faire Capitalism?•What were some positive effects of

Classical Liberalism? •What are some negative effects?•What was enclosure?•Explain… Inflation and the income gap?•I don’t want to talk about Philosophers

again, I think you know it!

Industrial Revolution

•The Industrial revolution changed Britain. •Society was based on Interventionist

government and agriculture.•Soon, it was based on Laissez-faire

capitalism, manufacturing, and profits.•High wages were not seen as profitable

and were thus avoided. •Government did not get involved in

business.

A new monarchy

•The elite that grew from the new freedoms of liberalism soon held similar power to monarchy.

•People that once cried for freedom and the deposition of government now wanted government intervention and collectivism.

Improve quality of life

•The IR led to a massive gap between the rich and the poor.

•Wealth was distributed unequally. •As always, if you put people down long

enough they will rebel. •Think about the French and American

Revolution, the Oka Crisus, etc…

Speaking out

•People soon began to speak out against the exploitation of power.

•Again working hours, child labor, etc…

However,

•The government liked Capitalism and Industrialization.

•It had to do little work to keep it going and the people were taken care of.

•It felt that the employer would take care of the workers.

The Government

•The government did eventually change and new laws were put into place to protect workers.

•These range from Minimum Wage laws, Safety Laws, Working Hours Laws, etc…

•These were new restrictions on Laissez-Faire Capitalism.

Factory Acts

•A series of laws passed by British Parliament during the 18 and 1900’s that made life better for factory workers.

•Factory act of 1802 addressed child labour, among other things.

From the act of 1802

•The owner must clean the room twice a year and ventilate.

•Owners MUST obey the law. •Every child must be given two suits for

work.•Children can not work more then 12

hours, before 6 am, or after 9 pm.•They must be given education in reading,

writing, and arithmetic.

The Comparison

Modern Classical

• Equality for all .• Rights for all individuals.• Government intervention

to ensure people are cared for.

• Protect the economic rights of individuals.

• Maximum rights in business.

• People act on own behalf. Limited Government.

New ideas emerge

•Modern Liberalism:▫Luddism▫Chartism▫Socialism ▫Marxism

Luddites• A Grassroots

movement.• Early 19th century.• Skilled textile workers

protested the new electronic looms.

• These could be run by low waged under trained people.

• Led by Ned Ludd.• Disgruntled workers

stormed and destroyed machinery.

Luddites• Over a six year period, civilian armies (known

as red dressers) broke into factories and destroyed over 200 machines.

• The ideology (Luddism) spread across the UK.• The government responded and made luddism

and crime (Punishable by death). • 12 000 troops protected factories.• One such attack ended with 10 luddites dead

and a robber barons home being burnt to the ground.

• All luddites captured were deported or killed. • Let’s go back to the other slide and click on

the picture!

Quick Question

•In its actions against the luddites, what main principle of classical liberalism was the British government protecting?

What we will do now…

•In 6 groups.•Luddites, Chartism, Classical Liberalism,

Mercantilism, Utopian Socialism, Enclosure. ▫What is each.▫What is one positive aspect▫What is one negative aspect▫Which Philosopher would agree with it,

Why?▫Conceptualize it in a picture.

Chartism

•A working class movement in Britain that focused on political and social reform.

•Based on the ideas of people charter of 1838.▫Universal Suffrage for all men over 21.▫Equal electoral Districts.▫Secret Voting.▫Property rights changed.▫Pay for members of parliament. ▫Annual elections.

Continued

•The peoples charter was presented to government in 1839 with 1.25 million signatures.

•It was voted down 235 to 46.•Some protested and were arrested.•Why might the government of the day

want to vote down this reform?

Socialism

•As laissez-faire capitalism failed. •People wanted to Co-operate in Society.•People wanted the Income Gap to fail and

wealth to be distributed equally. •These social, Collectivist people became

known as socialist.

Socialism

•Any ideology that believed that resources should be controlled by the public for the good of everyone.

•Value economic equality.•Income Security. •Employment and standard of living.

Early Socialist

• Robert Owen:– Factory Owner.– Wanted to share wealth.– Opened markets.– Created Schools.– Offered Health Care.– Without workers, we

have nothing.– Raised wages, less

hours, Tried to make the government socialist.

– He was defeated by government… Interesting???

Utopian Socialist

•Thomas Moore wrote a book called Utopia.

•The word now refers to any imaginary perfect society.

•These Utopians were not pragmatic, they were idealist.

•Horace Greely, Saint-Simon, and Robert Owen would all have these ideals.

Back to Owen•He eventually developed a massive textile

company in a “utopian” community.

•New Lanark: now a world heritage site.

MLA

•Author Lastname, Firstname. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year.

•Grenfell, Wilfred Thomason. Adrift on an Ice Pan. St. John's: Creative, 1992.

Any More Questions Regarding the Essay?

Quick Review

•What are some ideologies that developed out of Classic Liberalism?

•What conditions allowed these to develop?

•Were the Luddites justified? •Was the government reaction justified?•Why general human flaw inhibits the

development of a real “Socialist Utopia”?

What we will do now…

•In 6 groups.•Luddites, Chartism, Classical Liberalism,

Mercantilism, Utopian Socialism, Enclosure. ▫What is each.▫What is one positive aspect▫What is one negative aspect▫Which Philosopher would agree with it,

Why?▫Conceptualize it in a picture.