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Status of Word

Linguistic Grammatical

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Word linguistic Status

Noun

Verb Adjective

A set of ordinary Noun, Verb and adjective is called lexical morpheme

Examples

It is lexical Morpheme because it belongs to the category of noun.

Lexical Morpheme

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• It is used as nounWord grammatical

status

• What happened in your own words.

• I can’t remember her exact words.

Example

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What is word?

• word is a phenomena , without it there is no existence of language

• Word is part and parcel of each and every language

• Our communication, dialogues, conversation, speeches, writing are based on word

• It is obvious to say that word is a basic unit and pillar of any communicative and writing system

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Examples

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Continue….

• Although word is a part and parcel of every language but not a single grammar book define word in such a way that happily define other grammatical elements like ,noun verb phrase etc. Let us try to define word.

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Word definition No1

A systematic and meaningful arrangement of alphabet is called word.

Example

A ,b ,c , d, e………z

Adgf……combination of alphabets but not word not giving meaning

Able ….combination of alphabets but a word(give meaning)

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Continue…….Question Arises:-

How we are able to know the systematic and meaningful arrangement of the words?

Duty of grammar not me and you

We can make new words by adding morphemes to stem words (Respectful, unknown etc

But not stem word

Just make acronyms word Such as RAM: Read only memory , NUML

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Identification of Word

We can only identify/count words in writing by given spaces

Example:

If teacher say write paragraph (260 paragraph)

By space but how spoken?

Is the written and spoken words are same?

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RulesThere are three rules1. In speaking we can make distinction between word because of

accent, pronunciation such as da:n……drensIn writing we can’t make distinction2. Frank Palmer• In fact there are no spaces between word in speech• It would be surprising for the people • Spaces they feel in speaking it just of their influences of writing.• Some grammarian say there are slight pauses in spoken word

,they are misleading • Actually these pauses only comes after clause, phrase an at the en

of expressionExample

French lady

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Three different approaches to identify word in speech

1. Semantic

2. Phonological

3. Linguists

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1.Semantics

• According to semantics words are linguistic unit that has a single meaning.

Examples

Cat_____________ linguist unit single meaning

Chair____________ linguist unit single meaning

Singer___________ linguist unit but not giving single meaning ( a person who singing song,giving two meaning)

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2.phonological

(a)Vowel harmony:o openness,closeness, rounding, of lips and teeth

o Turkish language have vowel harmony

o In Turkish language word end with vowel and another or second word start with vowel through vowel counting is possible.

o Example ….ev (house) “e” vowel so, it is single word

o Evun (My house) here two vowel in turkish word (“e” “u”) so these are two words

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2.Phonological continue….

(b) Stress Pattern:

English language do not have fixed stress pattern.

Examples

Blackbird________ no stress mean bird name

Black Bird_________ stress mean black colour bird.

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2.Phonological continue….

(c) Juncture

• The shape in which words come together,due to juncture in English language we can’t count words in speech.

• Examples

A nice cake _____ due to Juncture (anice cake)

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3.Linguists

(i) Potential pause

(ii)Word as indivisible

unit

(ii)Bloomfield said

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(i)Potential Pause

• While speaking putting stress on the word.

• A pause between a word in sentence in speaking is called potential pause

• With the potential pause we can count word in speech linguists said that

Negligible Pause

• Negligible pause a pause which can’t notice but called pause .

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(i)Potential Pause continue…

Negligible pause Continue…

• When we spell word there also pause between alphabets, Is alphabets word ?

• Example

• Cat______ c_a_t

• Obliviously not

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(ii)WORD AS AN INDIVISIBLE

UNIT

• Word is a linguistic unit

which does not permit the

insertion of any linguistic

material.

Example

• There are two words ‘Little

boy’ if I insert English as

‘Little English boy’ it

would not wrong, because

here insertion is not in a one

word while between two

words.

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Continue….

• On the other hand there is word ‘singing’ It

would be turn out false if we divide into such

as ‘sing’ and ‘ing’ and unable to add any new

linguistic material between sing’ and ‘ing’

because it is a one and complete word.

• It is true that insertion can’t be make in one

word but still we are unable to establish what

is word?

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(ii)DEFINITION OF WORD

“Minimum Free Form” Bloom Field

• Minimum (smallest)

• Free Form (Individual can exist)

It means smallest bit of speech can occur in

isolation.

But how can we distinct this isolation in speech

just on the basis of writing because we have

already seen it in the written form

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Example

• In writing: He is a man.

• In speaking: He’s aman

We can just distinct 2nd one on the basis of above

sentence

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• But after this discussion we have to face

difficulty to find some words in isolation such

as:

• The : The book is on the table.

• A : He is a boy.

• My : I have lost my pen.

• Frank Palmer / Descriptive of the view that

word can exist in isolation than why “The, A,

My” can’t exist?

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Bloomfield said that some words can stand in isolation.

• Frank Palmer mentions that then why the word ‘a, the, and mine’ can’t exist alone? It seems that they are not words.

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In case of ‘ity, and ish’.

Palmer explains that according to Bloomfield, inanswer to any question,

1) ‘ity’ would be consider a word, but it’smeaningless and can’t stand in isolation.

2) Same situation is in case of ‘ish’.

So these are bogus words.

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In case of ‘My, and Mine

1) ‘My’ can’t exist without a proper sentence,and according to Bloomfield it can’t be aword.

2) In contrast ‘Mine’ can stand alone in theanswer of the question “Whose book isthis?”.

Palmer says which word we will use for ‘My’ if itis not a word?

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In case of ‘Your, and Yours’

1) ‘Your’ can’t exist in isolation, and accordingto Bloomfield it is also not a word.

2) In contrast ‘Yours’ can stand alone.

Palmer says which word we will use for ‘Your’ ifit is not a word?

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