How new words are being formed inthe language

The process consists of a combinationof morphemes that are rule-governed(a new word is formed)

Compounding is forms a word out of

two or more root morphemes. The

words are called compounds or

compound words.

Process that forms new words from

two or more independent words

• girl + friend = girlfriend

• text + book = textbook

• post + man = postman

• paper + bag = paperbag

• note + book = notebook

Example of Compounding :

1) Since compound words behave as units,

between their component elements no

affixes (whether inflections or derivations)

can usually occur; inflectional suffixes can

appear only after compound words.

2) The global meaning of the compound word

can often be guessed from the individual

meaning of each element of the

compound.

Clipping is the word formation process in

which a word is reduced or shortened

without changing the meaning of the word.

Process of creating new words by

shortening parts of a longer word.

• advertisement – ad

• examination – exam

• gasoline – gas

• gymnasium – gym

• influenza – flu

• laboratory – lab

• mathematics – math

• memorandum – memo

• photograph – photo

• raccoon – coon

• reputation – rep

• situation comedy –

sitcom

• telephone – phone

Example of Clipping :

Clipping is the word formation process which consists in the reduction of a word to one of its parts (Marchand: 1969). It also, known as shortenings.

Clipping mainly consists of the following types:

1. Back clipping

2. Fore-clipping

3. Middle clipping

4. Complex clipping

Examples are:

doc (doctor),

dorm (dormitory)

exam (examination)

fax (facsimile)

prof (proffesor)

Back clipping or apocopation is the

most common type, in which the

beginning is retained.

Examples are:

phone (telephone),

varsity (university),

chute (parachute),

coon (racoon),

gator (alligator).

Fore-clipping or aphaeresis retains

the final part.

Examples are:

flu (influenza),

tec (detective),

polly (apollinaris),

jams (pyjamas).

In middle clipping or syncope, the

middle of the word is retained.

Examples are:

flu (influenza),

fridge (refrigerator),

tec (detective),

polly (apollinaris),

jams (pyjamas).

In middle clipping or syncope, the

middle of the word is retained.

Examples are:

sitcom (situation comedy),

cablegram (cable telegram)

Complex clipping is removing

multiple parts from multiple words.

http://www.brighthubeducation.com/esl-lesson-

plans/59679-forming-new-words-compounds-

clipping-and-blends/

http://www.translationdirectory.com/articles/article

1991.php

http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words/wordtypes

.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_formation