A. Teischinger 2019

Wood Technology in the Course of TimeIAWS Lecture

Alfred Teischinger

Institute Wood Technology

University ofNatural Resources and Life Sciences,

Vienna

A. Teischinger 2019

Prologue: Material source: Tree species in European forests

Based on Brus et al. (2011) & EFI

Coni

fers

Broa

dlea

ved

Annual increment(mill. m³)

EU 28 Europe721 840Annual felling

(mill. m³)522 582

Growing stockca. 30 billion m³(~15 billion tons of

forest biomass)(FAO/EFI 2015)

A. Teischinger 2019

From the wood resource to materials andproducts by means of „Technology“

Wood Technology

Wood τέχνη, Techne λογία, Logia/LogosBio-based material with a hierarchical

structure

Resembles epistemic knowledge of technical

principles,

In a wider sense –knowledge,

science

A. Teischinger 2019

The Origin of Technology

Technology is the science of processingraw materials. Instead of instruction ofempirical knowledge in crafts, techno-logy, the systematic structure of trueknowledge-based principles and reliableexperience, is to identify the tools and tounderstand and utilise the principles ofprocessing

First edition 1772

compare Teischinger 2010

A. Teischinger 2019

The emergence of new technologies“More than anything else, technology creates our world. It creates our wealth, our economy, our very way of being,” says W. Brian Arthur. Yet despite technology’s irrefutable importance in our daily lives, until now its major questions have gone unanswered. Where do new technologies come from?

Besides this, new questions arise:

• Responsibility of emergingtechnology

• Ethics and emerging technology• Technology risk assessment (dual

use of technology: beneficial andharmful)

• etc

A. Teischinger 2019

179918081830183818401842186418671874187518931906191019201924193419411946194619581963?

196619691970197519791980198119821983199419952004200820132016

A. Teischinger 2019

Compilation of knowledge – selected examples„Wood Technology“

Wood working in scientific – andand applied presentation

Split up in different subsectors:• Chemical Technology/Pulp

and Paper Technology• Mechanical Technology• Wood Composites/-panels• Wood Adhesives Technology• Wood Modification/preservation• Wood Material Engineering• Timber in Construction• Wood Combustion• Wood Industries, etc.

Handbook of Wood Science and Technology

Eds.: P. Niemz, A. Teischinger

Under progress

A. Teischinger 2019

Corporate-baseddevelopment

Industrial implementation

Basic science limit

Discovery and invention

Proof of feasibility

University and governmentlaboratory based research

Pre-competitive/appliedresearch

Tech

nolo

gy m

atur

ity

Indefinite period 0 7 14 Years

Adapted from: Messler, R.W, 2004, rpt. Dimiduk, D.M. 1999

The magic development time

Typical development time

Talents in research + budget + entrepreneurial risk/endeavor = success

A. Teischinger 2019

Survey of the main technologies

• Fractionation (on all length scales) andseparation

• Grading/classification

• Modification/functionalisation(incl. wood drying)

• Re-engineering incl. shape forming

• Surfaces

• Industrial processes (combine the singletechologies)

Interaction tool and substrate

2000-20142013-2017

BOKU FIShttps://forschung.boku.ac.at/fis/suchen.person_publikationen?sprache_in=en&ansicht_in=&menue_id_in=102&id_in=5033&publikation_typ_id_in=&sortierung_in=k

ategorie

1990-19932000-2005

1980-19872000-20052015-2017

2003-2010

2012-2016

2014-2019

U. Müller et al.

Wood k plus

ihf

HomagIndustry 4.0

invision

Personal involvement

A. Teischinger 2019

From raw material wood to wood based materialsDisintegration – sorting – modification - re-engineering

Engineered Wood Products (EWP)Solid wood –

Wood based materials

Product

Homogeneity Energy Input

Strength, Stiffness (MOE)

NFC

Current research quests and innovation activities

NDT technolo-gies, materialcharacterizat.

New (chipless) disintegration technologies

Wood modifica-tion and funct-ionalisation

New shape forming tech-nolgies, WPC

Complete newmaterial proper-ties, „newmaterials fromtrees“

Intelligent ad-häsion, comp-ounds and EWP

Interaction forest manage-ment – woodproperties

New manu-facturing con-cepts (Ind.4.0)

A. Teischinger 2019

Deformation is influenced by process parameters and wood properties

Cutting – wood disintegration: Room for science

De Moura and Hernandez (2006) Wood and Fiber Science 38, 166-178Konnerth and Gindl (2006) Holzforschung 60, 429-433

Cutting influences sub-sequent process steps

Reversible and irreversible deformations lead to mechanically weak boundary layer

New approaches needed!

A. Teischinger 2019

Roadmap to new wood fractionationDoctorate School (12 individual projects)

Innovative wood disintegration technology: A. Martinez-Conde/U. Müller/ A. Teischinger

Analysing patents

• 18 000 hits• 240 detailed

screening• 50 new

technologies• 15 selected for review• 5 for industry partner

LIGNOVISIONEN 32/2017

Müller, Vay, Martinez-Conde, Frybort, Krenke, Konnerth, Teischinger, Holztechnologie 2015 andMartinez-Conde et al., Bioressources 2017

A. Teischinger 2019

Based on: Joscak, Mauritz, Teischinger, Müller 2006

Target: preserve the natural fibre structure – nocutting, but squeezing technology (utilising themechanical synthesis of nature)

Fest

igke

itDisintegration of small diameter roundwood

A. Teischinger 2019

From lab-scale to piloting

Fryobort, Müller, Krenke et al. 2015

Idea Proof of concept Upscaling Pilot plant Industrial application

Mauritz/Teischinger(2001)

Müller et al.

V/C/

R

Time

Wood kplus/UFT

A. Teischinger 2019

From Macro- to Micro-Scale

J. HomannHeinzel Group

Gindl-Altmutter/BOKU

Macrofibre

Microfibre

A. Teischinger 2019

Nanocellulose research hype – bibliometric analysis

2015

2017Basic research

Pilot plant andfirst industrialimplementaton

2015Lennart Stenberg

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Quality assessment currently

Quality assessment „new“ Process control

Sawmill Wood manufacturing Final productsForest

Pulp (industrial RW)Wood-based Panel

Veneer

Material flow and quality assessment

Teischinger 2003

In-line

Off-line; Silviscan

Less downgrading/rejectsRessource efficiency

Cost reduction

A. Teischinger 2019

MiCROTEC 2007

X-ray/density UV- imageColour image

Upper or down side etc.

Scanning of sawn wood – multi-sensor technique

Viguier et al. 2014

Tracheid effect – grain angleColourX-ray

Grain dev.

A. Teischinger 2019

Multi-sensor scanning – timber grading

• Dimension (3D laser triangulation)• Grain deviation (laser scatter)• Colour/discolouration• X-ray/density, knottiness• Resonance frequency (laser

interferometer)

Strength class (e.g. C 24), EN 388 – basis for structural design

A. Teischinger 2019

Teischinger, Vanek (1992) Internal scanning of round timber – Review ofthe research of that time (US, SE)

Internal scanning of round timber

Müller, Teischinger (2001) - ReviewMüller, Bammer, Teischinger (2002): Fungal attack– CT/MRT

COST action E 40: 2004-2008

Research projectFirst installationsMarcus Wallenberg Prize 2016(Applying the Katsevich Algorithm and representation)

Timeline CT scanning: 1985 – (1995) – 2001 (pilot tests) 2008 CT Log (FVA pilot) - 2011

A. Teischinger 2019

Multi sensor quality scannerMICROTEC

A. Teischinger 2019

Innovation topics – Schweighofer Prize

http://www.schweighofer-prize.org/prize/

• Timber in construction – new systems and applications,high-rise buildings/LCT, Wind Turbine Tower, Water Turbinesetc.

• Engineered Wood Products (EWP), Kerto/LVL, CLT, WPC,)new parquet flooring systems, light weight panels

• Timber in construction – connecters and systems• X-ray scanner/tomography• Energy-Facade – new insulation approaches• Wood modification and functionalisation, fire performance

and redartants• Processes – Simulation and modelling• CNC machining• New tool systems• Energy from biomass

Review of Schweighofer Innovation Prize Winner

A. Teischinger 2019

Measures for wood recovery:

• Legal framework (wood recoveryregulations)

• Wood/fibre recovery logistics(fibre already well established)

• Quality guidelines and grades • Design for recovery/recycling (not

yet established in the woodsector, automotive sector as rolemodel)

• Currently EU about 35 mio tonnesper anno available, about 50:50% energetic and material use(better statistic data necessary)

Recycling – recovered wood – neglected?

Capacity: 300,000 tons per yearInvestment incl. infrastructure: € 20 mio

EraNet project: Care Wood(Cascading Recovered Wood)Teischinger, Stingl, Zukal 2011Kalcher, Praxmarer, Teischinger 2017Design for Recycling

(Teischinger, Salzger 2016)

A. Teischinger 2019

Wood and the automotive sector?

Concept Car Cult/Magna, U. Müller/BOKU 2016 – Spiegel online - Auto

Crash test stand to gain dynamic impact data on wood

World Wood Day 2019

Graz/Stübing

Shock/energy absorbance,Deformation/no ruptureNo splittering of the material

A. Teischinger 2019

Highest buildings with wood – wood as a rising star

8-9 Jh. 14-16 Jh. 1935 2009 2012 2013 ~2018 >Year 20401 Trees and super large “Hyperion”, 115,85 m, USA 2 Five-story pagoda, 32 m, Nara – JPN3 Fachwerk-House, 26m, DE4 Sendeturm/transmitter tower Gleiwitz, 118m, PL5 Murray Grove, 27m, London - GB (start of bigger construction with CLT)6 CLT One, 20 m, Dornbirn – AT (pilot building – concept for 100m)7 Windmill wooden tower, 100 m, Hannover - DE8 Observation Tower Pyramidenkogel, 100 m, Keutschach – AT (highest wood observation tower)9 HOHO Wien, 84m, Wien Aspern – AT (currently highest wooden building construction)10 Michael Green, 90m, Vancouver - CDN11 “Oakwood Tower”- Case Study, 300m, London, UKPLP Architecture and Cambridge University’s Department of Architecture's,

12 Concept/vision 2041 – 350 m in Japan

1 2 3 4 5 76 8 9 10

Conceptstudy

100 m

Pre-requisites for timberconstrucion.

• Relyable/stress graded timberandwood based materials and compo-nents (Glulam, CLT, OSB, LVL etc.)

• Engineers for timber design and BIM• Timber design codes, based on

scientific research• Keen architects for construction

design• Constructors/investors etc.

11 12

Master Thesis: M.B. Brandstätter, 2017

A. Teischinger 2019

The future – wood technologies of tomorrow

Various Web-sources

Materials of the future

„Synthesis of Nature“

Smart Factory, Industry 4.0

Dilatant D30

It is important to regardand maintain the

L.P. Lefebvre

Mark MiodownikThe Future of Materials

Assessing the future is always speculative,but „Technology“ will shape the future

A. Teischinger 2019

, ViennaInstitute for Wood Technology and Renewable Materials

Univ.-Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Alfred TeischingerLocation Tulln, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, A- 3430 Tulln

Tel.: +43 1 47654-89115, www.boku.ac.at

Thank you for your attention

Colleagues and collaborators at the BOKU Institute Wood Technology and RenewableMaterials and other institutes as well as

Acknowledgement

Colleagues from:and many

others

and other fundingorganizations

Schweighofer PrizeJury member and

International Student Innovation Workshop

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