Wood Products - Technological Advances in Wood...

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Wood Industry Week @ WERC, March 5 – 9, 2012 Technological Advances in Wood Finishing Torsten Lihra in behalf of Véronic Landry WIW at WERC

Transcript of Wood Products - Technological Advances in Wood...

Page 1: Wood Products - Technological Advances in Wood Finishingwoodproducts.sbio.vt.edu/wiwatwerc/media/download/... · 2021. 3. 2. · June 2010 3 Main Drivers for Developments in Wood

Wood Industry Week @ WERC, March 5 – 9, 2012

Technological Advances in Wood 

Finishing

Torsten Lihra 

in behalf of Véronic LandryWIW at WERC

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Overview

• Introduction– Main drivers for new developments in wood finishing

• UV‐cured coatings– New developments in UV‐cured coatings– New equipments (portable, new ovens, new UV lights, ect.)

• Water‐based coatings– New developments in water‐based coatings– New equipments (drying ovens, application, etc.)

• Bio‐based coatings

• Hybrid systems

• Powder Coating

• Nanotechnology in finishing products

WIW at WERC

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Main Drivers for Developments in Wood Finishing

1. Increase productivity and decrease man labor

– Be more cost competitive

2. Increase the performance of the products in order to compete with other markets (metal, plastic, ect.)

3. Comply to new regulations on volatile organic compounds (VOC) and hazardous air polluants (HAP)

4. Get green certifications (Green Guard, LEED, Green Seal, etc.) in order to keep or to find new marketsWIW at W

ERC

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UV‐cured coatings

WIW at WERC

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What are UV‐cured coatings ?

• UV curing is a process to cross‐link (cure) coatings by a chemical processinitiated and sustained by UV energy. 

Conventional Coatings

Catalyst

Additives

Resin

Solvent or Water

UV Coatings

Photoinitiators

Additives

OligomersMonomer, Solvent 

or WaterViscosity 

adjustment

WIW at WERC

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General information about UV high solids (100%) coatings

Substrate

Coating

SubstrateDrying

Substrate

Coating

SubstrateCuring

Conventional Coatings

UV high solids or 100% Coatings

The thinner is reactive (acrylate monomers). The monomers will react with the oligomers (resin) to form the final coating film.

100 % solids doesn’t means that it’s a solid coating. It is a liquid coating, but 100 % of the liquid participate to the curing reaction (no loss)

WIW at WERC

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Benefits of UV high solids (100 %) coatings

• Curing is extremely fast !

• Mechanical, chemical and thermal properties are great

• No racking (directly to packaging or assembling)

• Not flammable (lower insurance premium)

• Small footprint (UV ovens take 1/10 of thermal ovens)

• Nearly zero VOC (less paperwork)

• Energy consumption is low (25‐35 % less than with thermal drying)WIW at W

ERC

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UV high solids for flat stock 

• UV high solids coatings are well adapted to flat lines

• Typical examples: pre‐finished floors, sheet stock, MDF and Plywood panels, etc.

Lamps Mounted Perpendicular to Conveyor

Application by roller coater

UV Curing on a flat line

Source : CEFLA finishing

WIW at WERC

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Economics of UV high solids coatings

Coatings $/gal Solides, % Nominal cost 

cents/sqft

Transfer efficiency

True cost cents/sqft

UV 100 % 52 100 3.2 95 3.4

Solvent‐based

18 22 5.1 45 11.3

Water‐based

22 40 3.4 45 7.6

For 1 mil dry film

UV 100% coatings are easy to recycle, energy savings (25‐35 % compare to thermal drying), lest part handling (less labor), ect.

Source : Radtech UV & EB Expo, 2010

WIW at WERC

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Some limitations of UV High‐solids coatings

• Difficult to obtain an open‐grain look

• Adhesion is low on oily wood, thermo‐modified wood, etc. (skrinkage is about 2‐6 %)

• Will not adhere well to oil containing stains (traditional wiping stains, oil becomes mobile and try to go out)

• Viscosity is high (spray applications are difficult, even if possible, they sometimes lead to orange peel)

• Difficult to control film thickness

Possible solution: UV Water‐based Coatings

Ex.: oily wood, Bocote

WIW at WERC

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Benefits of UV water‐based coatings

• Open‐grain look (ex. Oak cabinets)

• Easier to control the film thickness (solidcontent is around 40 %)

• Allow very thin films

• Allow a lacquer‐look finish

• Excellent adhesion

• Superior water, chemical resistance thantraditional water‐based (cross‐linking)

UV water‐based coating

UV high solids coatings

WIW at WERC

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UV water‐based coatings

SandingAutomatic spraying

Infrared, thermal or microwave

ovenUV

CoolingPackagingCUSTOMER

Surface Preparation

Application of UV water-based products Water evaporation

UV Curing

Very Short, ~ 1 minute

Example of a UV water‐based finishing line

Source : Bayer Material Science

WIW at WERC

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Drawbacks of UV water‐based coatings

• Drying time (compare to UV 100% solids)– One more step: water evaporation

• Capital investment is more important– Need to have an infrared, thermal or microwave oven as 

well as a UV oven

• Like all UV coatings, curing of 3D components is challenging: How to cure shadow areas ?

WIW at WERC

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For curing of edges and profiles

Ex.: Wood moldings or kitchen cabinet panels

• The wood moldings lie flat on a horizontal conveyor as they move past several UV lamps positioned at a variety of angles to adequately expose all top surfaces of the different shaped parts. One lamp cures the horizontal surfaces, one each placed vertically to cure the vertical "sides" of the moldings, and two more are placed at 45 degrees from horizontal to cure additional contours.

Lamps Mounted

inclined to Conveyor

Source : CEFLA finishing

WIW at WERC

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For moldings

Ex.: UV Vacuum Coater For Wood moldings 

UV Vacuum LineThis new BRX System incorporates Sanding/Denibbing, UV Vacuum Coating, and 4‐sided UV Curing, 

Source : Superfici

WIW at WERC

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More complicated shapes: 3D ovens

UV III Systems, VTThree dimensional kit cures parts up to 20” wide X 40” High in 2‐6 minutes

Source: Dubois Equipment Company, UV III Systems

WIW at WERC

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UV‐robotic curing

UV lamp must be sufficiently robust to withstand the acceleration and de‐acceleration swings of the robot arm; 

UV lamp must be able to operate efficiently and reliably in a variety of different positions

A single robotic UV lamp cell is less expensive than multiple fixed lamps

Lower Operating Cost ‐ Save on energy, UV lamp spare parts

Perfect for UV Curing Lines With Mixed Product ‐ Cure every part as they come down the line

UV Robotics, http://www.uvrobotics.com/

WIW at WERC

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Another solution: Dual‐cure UV coatings

• Dual‐cure UV coatings are coatings that polymerized under UV light ANDtemperature (UV/PUD).

• The additional crosslinking‐reaction guarantees sufficient surface properties even on areas with low UV‐dose.  

• Example of Applications:– Wood chairs– Sun shine cure coatings 

(even the shadow areas will cure)

WIW at WERC

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Portable equipment for UV‐cured coatings

Safety  doesn’t have the normal shieldingWear eye and skin protection

For in plant touch up, flooring, kitchen cabinets, guitars, furniture, etc.

WIW at WERC

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Water‐based Coatings

WIW at WERC

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Water‐based Coatings

MAIN BENEFITS

• VOC levels are low, typically around 1 pound per gallon. (compared to 5+ pounds for a cat. varnish)– VOC comes from co‐solvents 

used for a good coalescence, adjusting the drying time, good film properties

• Better work environment

MAIN DRAWBACKS

• Drying time (longer and variable according to the temperature)

• Grain raising

• Appearance

WIW at WERC

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How to limit Grain Raising ?

• Type of substrates– The more important the wood density, the less important is the grain 

raising

• Surface Preparation– Better sanding (less fragments of fibers at the surface) leads to less 

grain raising– Planing leads to less grain raising than sanding

• Wood moisture content (MC)– Optimal MC for interior products is around 8 %. Higher MC leads to 

more grain raising and darker colors.

• Drying time– Longer drying time leads to more grain raising. 

WIW at WERC

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Drying Water‐based CoatingsBenefits Drawbacks

Hot air •Well Known, well adapted for 3D parts

•Low temperature drying•Low energy comsumption

•Important air circulation•High risk of dust on the coatings, may

be necessary to filter the air•More voluminous

•Humidity is important at lowtemperature, dehumidication could be

recommandedInfrared •Direct transfer of the energy

without air movement•Rapid drying (less tan 45s, 15 s with

catalytic oven)•Dust free•Easy to use

•Difficult to treat 3D parts with homogeneiy, needs to add hot air.

•Short IR: different settings depending of the colors

•Drying temperature more important than with convection oven

Microwave •Well adapted to high speed water evaporation

•High efficiency•Low temperature drying•Good drying quality

•High energy consumption•Limited power available

Source: CTBA, France

WIW at WERC

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Storage and Application of Water‐based Products

• Water is capable of corroding steel and this affects the selection of materials for storage of water‐borne finishes– Unalloyed steels should be coated (2‐pack epoxy or phenolic resin 

coatings)– Highly alloyed non‐rusting steels are suitable as are fibre‐reinforced 

polyesters– Stainless steel, PVC or polyethylene are suitable for piping (avoid 

aluminum or plated metal fittings and components

• Processing of water‐borne finishes should be as gentle as possible – Membrane pumps are recommended– Stainless steel filters should be used on feed and discharge lines– Lines should not be too narrow or have kinks to reduce shear effects on 

aqueous emulsions– To minimize air entrapment, spray guns should be hydraulic Air 

Assisted Airless with high pressure piston pumps.

Some basic rules

WIW at WERC

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Hybrid systems

•Hybrid Systems are  systems with at least two different coating technologies.

•Example:– Solvent‐based stains with water‐based sealer and lacquers

•Same colors, decrease in VOC– UV high solids sealer with UV water‐based top coat

•No grain raising, lacquer‐look finish– Solvent‐based sealer (without formaldehyde) and water‐

based acrylic topcoat.WIW at W

ERC

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Bio‐based coatings

• Bio‐based coatings are coatings prepared from renewable raw materials. – Renewable raw materials: Can be regenerated by natural 

processes at rates comparable to or faster than rates of consumption by humans.

• Ex.: Soy, linseed, cellulose, lipids (oil, fat), starch, proteins, lignin, hemicelluloses

• Why ? – Availability of unique chemical structures not available from 

petrochemicals, uncertainty about long term cost/availability of oil, marketing, driven by sustainability concept (reduced carbon footprint), ect.

WIW at WERC

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27June 2010

Powder coatings in the Wood Industry

WIW at WERC

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Benefits of Powder Coatings

•Environmental compliance ‐ no VOCs

•Performance ‐ solid polymers offer inherent toughness

•Economic advantages ‐ savings lead to fast capital payback

•High quality ‐ easy to automate and control, low reject rate

•Reduced work in process ‐ no intermediate sanding steps

•Reduced waste ‐ no overspray (collected and reused), solvents or trim scrap

•Ease of handling ‐ no dilution, mixing or glue to deal with

•High productivity ‐ continuous process. WIW at WERC

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Economics of Powder coatings

WIW at WERC

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What is « Nanotechnology » ?

Mountain 1 km Kids 1 m Ant 1 mm

Bacteries 1 μm Molecules 1 nm

WIW at WERC

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31June 2010

Why using Nanoparticles ?

• For the same %, nanoparticles lead to more transparent coatings.

• We need to add less nanoparticles than microparticles

WIW at WERC

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32June 2010

Some useful links

• CEFLA Finishing Group: http://www.ceflafinishinggroup.com/it

• UV III Systems: http://www.uv3.com/

• Dubois Equipment: http://www.duboisequipment.com/

• UV Robotics: http://www.uvrobotics.com/

• Fusion UV lights: http://www.fusionuv.com/

• Ecoprocote: http://www.ecoprocote.com/

• Ecology Coatings: http://www.ecologycoatings.com

• Defy Stain: http://www.defystain.com/defy‐extreme‐stain.html

• NewPro Nano Wood: http://www.g‐pro.com/English/450/6.htm

• Phoseon: http://www.phoseon.com/

• Clearstone Technologies: http://www.clearstonetech.com/2.html

• Superfici: http://www.superficiamerica.com/

WIW at WERC

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33June 2010

Thank you for your attention!

To contact me :Véronic Landry

Tel: (418) 659‐2647 (3325)Fax: (418) 659‐2922

[email protected]

WIW at WERC