Wood Flooring for Building Green
-
Upload
mark-harold-bayuk -
Category
Education
-
view
892 -
download
2
description
Transcript of Wood Flooring for Building Green
Wood Flooring Wood Flooring for Building for Building GreenGreen
www.goldenstateflooring.com
Wood Flooring International is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Golden State Flooring is the registered presenter of this presentation. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are available on request.
This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
Learning Objectives
•Essentials of writing a hardwood flooring specification
• Pros and cons of solid vs. engineered wood flooring, including environmental impacts
• Fundamental characteristics of wood flooring: species, formats, hardness, cuts, coatings, common problems, etc.
• Environmental and health attributes of wood flooring and how they relate to LEED and IAQ regulations
Specification AttributesSpecification Attributes
Engineered vs Solid Style/pattern
Plank Strip Parquet Herringbone
Species Cut Grade Edge Detail
Color Surface Treatment Coating Thickness Width Lengths Installation Method
Adhesive Underlayment
Environmental Specs FSC, VOC’s, LEED
Solid Hardwood FlooringSolid Hardwood Flooring
• Requires acclimation at site• Nail or staple to appropriate subfloor• Can be glued in some cases – check with sub• Install on or above grade only• May be sanded or refinished multiple times
Engineered Hardwood FlooringEngineered Hardwood Flooring - more dimensionally stable- more dimensionally stable
Style• Plank• Long-strip
Construction• Multi-ply• 3-ply• HDF-core
Cross-ply backing
Real Hardwood
UV cured Aluminum oxide coating
Engineered Flooring - Installation Engineered Flooring - Installation
• Little or no acclimation• Install on any level grade• Use over variety of subfloors• Staple, nail, glue or float• Recommended over radiant heat• May be sanded and refinished
Staple/Nail Glue Float
Engineered vs. Solid Wood FlooringEngineered vs. Solid Wood Flooring
Efficient use of slow-growth hardwood
Sandable wear surface
Engineered Flooring: Top LayersEngineered Flooring: Top LayersSawn, Sliced, or Rotary-peeled
SlicedRotary-peeled
Floating InstallationsFloating Installations
• Engineered flooring only• Planks not adhered to subfloor – glued or ‘clicked’ together• Cost-effective sound control• Allows vapor barrier for maximum moisture protection
• Underlayments : foam, rubber, Cork
Acoustical Underlayment
Glue
floating
Vapor Barrier
Acoustical Membranes - Glue DownAcoustical Membranes - Glue Down
Sika® AcouBond®Double-glue over Cork
Mastic
Wood Flooring Cork
Bostik® Ultra-Set® Single Step™ adhesive/membrane
GradesGrades
• NOFMA, MFMA – grades and rules vary by species
• Industry moving toward proprietary grades
1st 3rd2nd & Better
MFMA Grades - Hard Maple
Cuts in Wood FlooringCuts in Wood Flooring
Min. waste/costMin. stability
Med. waste/costMax. stability
Max. waste/costMed. stability
Quarter sawn
Rift sawn
Plain sawn
Rift sawn & Quarter sawnRift sawn & Quarter sawn- More Dimensionally - More Dimensionally
StableStable
Plain-sawnRift/Quartered
Arrow thickness = amount of movement
Comparative HardnessComparative Hardness
Industry Standard
Janka Ball Hardness Test
ASTM D 1037-7
Wood is HygroscopicWood is Hygroscopic
• Seal concrete!
• Acclimate flooring on-site
• Maintain consistent humidity during acclimation and after installation (35% - 60%)
Problems Related to MoistureProblems Related to Moisture
Too wet:• Swelling/cupping• Telegraphing• Delamination
Too dry:•Shrinking•Dry-cupping•Cracking•Delamination
Cupped floor, caused by wet subfloor
Jobsite & Schedule ConsiderationsJobsite & Schedule Considerations
Before Delivery of Wood:
• Enclose structure
• Complete and cure concrete, plastering, and painting
• Operate HVAC system for 14 days with stable relative humidity (35% - 60%)
Radiant HeatRadiant Heat
Solid• Use narrow width• Consider Rift/Quartered• Use dimensionally stable
species• Floating subfloor or sleeper
system
Engineered• Can use wider widths• Use crack-resistant species• Float or Glue
*Check installation instructions before finalizing heating system design. Follow instructions precisely to maintain warranty.
Color ChangeColor Change
Some species change color dramatically• Air - oxidation• Light – accelerates oxidation, too much may cause
bleaching
Brazilian Cherry
New >
Aged >
White Oak
Textures & CoatingsTextures & Coatings
Treatments• Distressed• Hand-scraped• Wire-brushed
Coatings• UV-cured urethane
(factory-finished)• Oil-based
polyurethane• Waterborne urethane• Natural penetrating oil Hand scraped wood flooring
Pros: - spot repairable for easy touch-upPros: - spot repairable for easy touch-up - highlights wood’s natural feel - highlights wood’s natural feel
Cons: - requires regular maintenanceCons: - requires regular maintenance - wood is less protected from - wood is less protected from
dings/scratchesdings/scratches
RubioRubio® Monocoat Monocoat® – color and seal in one – color and seal in one coatcoat
Natural Penetrating OilsNatural Penetrating Oils
urethane
natural oil
Unfinished vs. Prefinished Unfinished vs. Prefinished
Unfinished• less durability• adds 2-3 days to
installation• emissions during drying• higher total cost• ✔easily customized• ✔solid flooring can have
square edges
Prefinished• ✔greater durability• ✔fast installation• ✔no emissions from
coating• ✔lower total cost• customize only on big
jobs• solid flooring must have
beveled edges
• Deforestation and illegal logging• Why wood is good• Forest certification• Plantations vs. natural forests• Recycled/reclaimed/salvaged• Rapidly renewable materials - Bamboo• Off-gassing/IAQ• LEED compliance & documentation
Wood Flooring for Green Building
Deforestation
70,000+ sq. mi. lost permanently each year
- more than a football field per minute
Half of all species will be extinct by 2100
Deforestation
Second leading cause of global warming, ahead of all forms of transportation combined
Deforestation
Lacey Act AmendmentsLacey Act Amendments
First U.S. ban on commerce in illegally-sourced wood:
• Civil & criminal penalties
• Forfeiture of goods (even if trading unknowingly)
Weyerhauser harvest, WA State
Deschutes National Forest -1951 Same Area – 1995
Industrial Forestry in North America
Orchard Walnut75% FSC, 25% Recycled
FSC forest
Wood products are carbon-neutral or carbon-negative
What is Certified Wood?What is Certified Wood?
Forest Stewardship Council
• Environmentally sound forestry
• Social responsibility
• Economic sustainability
Forest Stewardship Forest Stewardship CouncilCouncil
Independent, Non-profit, International
Chain of Custody (COC)Chain of Custody (COC)
Certified products are reliably tracked from forest to end-user
Sustainable ForestrySustainable Forestry
Selective felling maintains forest ecosystems• 4-6 mature trees harvested per
hectare• For each tree cut, dozens are left
behind (non-commercial trees, seed trees, juveniles)
Sustainable Sustainable Forestry in Forestry in the the TropicsTropics
Giving local people a stake in keeping forests as forests
Peten Region, Guatemala
Reserve | No Management
FSC Management
FSC post-harvest
Plantation-grown wood is not always eco-friendly.FSC does not certify plantations that replace natural forests.
Plantation-Grown Wood
FSC-certified Teak Eucalyptus in Brazil
Recycled/Reclaimed/SalvagedRecycled/Reclaimed/Salvaged
< Salvaged – logs:urban trees, agriculture, waterways, deadwood
^ Reclaimed(post-consumer):previously manufactured wood products
< Recycled(pre-consumer/post-Industrial):manufacturing by-products
Bamboo FlooringBamboo Flooring
• Biology – grass, not wood• Hardness – fact & fiction• Traditional vs Strand Woven• Environment – fact & fiction
FormaldehydeFormaldehyde
Adhesives used in wood products:UF - Urea FormaldehydePF - Phenol FormaldehydePVA – Polyvinyl AcetateEPI/MDI – Emulsion Polymer Isocyanate
Standards:E1 (Germany) – 0.1ppmO.S.H.A. – 0.1ppmGreenGuard – 0.05ppmC.A.R.B. 2012 – 0.05ppmL.E.E.D. – no added urea-formaldehyde
Occurs naturally in all wood products – there is no such thing as a “formaldehyde-free” wood or Bamboo floor
• GSF products may qualify for: EQ4, MR3, MR4, MR6, MR7
• Valid FSC COC certificate
• Free L.E.E.D.® consultation
CalPERS HQ, SacramentoBamboo Flooring
Dollar value multiplied by % certified content
- or -‘Batch/Credit’ products
valued at 100%
100% of dollar value
applied toward MR7
Visit www.credibleforestcertification.org for more information.
SFI-certified Forests:SFI-certified Forests:
• Research first - some species, grades, dimensions not
available
• Determine lead times, plan ahead
• Regularly stocked FSC and Recycled items carry much lower price premium than custom-order items
Visit www.goldenstateflooring.com/green, www.fscus.org, or www.rainforest-alliance.org
Guidelines for Selecting Sustainable Wood Products
Ensure compliance:
• Specify the supplier – contact name &
phone
• Communicate lead times in writing
• Communicate the importance of proper
documentation:
1) Valid Chain of Custody certificate
2) Invoice detailing FSC-certified
status of product on a line-item
basis
Holding the Specification
Signals future demand
Translates directly into change at the forest level
The Power of the Specification
GAP Headquarters, San Bruno, CAPrefinished Engineered Maple Flooring
Questions and AnswersQuestions and Answers
Golden State Flooring680 8th St., Suite 169-BSan Francisco, CA 94103
Showroom: 415.522.5120
This concludes the American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Program.
www.goldenstateflooring.com