Wood burning impact on PM10 in three Austrian regions · Wood burning impact on PM10 in three...

Wood burning impact on PM10 in three Austrian regions

Summer School on Organic AerosolsGothenburg, June 23th-28th, 2008

Alexandre Caseiro, University of Aveiro and Technical University of Vienna

Levoglucosan as a macrotracer for wood burning

E F F E C T S

S O U R C E S

TRAFFIC

VEGETATIVE DETRITUSSTREET

DUST

ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL

MEAT COOKING

CIGARETTE SMOKE

NATURAL GAS COMBUSTION

OTHER SOURCES...

WOOD BURNING

HEALTH BUILD AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS

CLIMATE

Wood smoke

Vegetative detritus

Street dust

Other sourcesMeat cooking

Natural gas combustion

Vehicle exhaust

Vehicle exhaust

Wood smoke

Vegetativedetritus

Street dustOther sources

Meat cooking


Atmospheric aerosol

A

tm

o

s

phe

r

ica

e

r o

so

lTRACERS

SOURCE ANALYSIS

SOURCE APPORTIONMENT

Vehicle exhaust

Wood smoke

Vegetative

detritus

Street dustOther sources

Meat cooking


Atmospheric aerosol

GOAL: QUANTIFICATE THE CONTRIBUTION OF WOOD BURNING

LEVOGLUCOSAN: A MACRO-TRACER FOR WOOD BURNING

PM10 emission, to which Levoglucosan

is exclusive

Emission factor = quantity of Levoglucosanper quantity of PM10

Determination of Levoglucosan in

ambient PM10

Contribution of biomass smoke to

ambient PM10

LEVOGLUCOSAN: A MACRO-TRACER FOR WOOD BURNING

BS OC = Levoglucosan x 6.1BS OM = Levoglucosan x 9.1BS PM = Levoglucosan x 10.7

wood burning

biomass smoke ambient aerosol

A

tm

o

s

phe

r

ica

e

r o

so

l

LEVOGLUCOSAN

MEASURING LEVOGLUCOSAN: HPAE-PAD

SAMPLING SITES – THREE REGIONS IN AUSTRIA

SAMPLING SITES - VIENNA

SAMPLING SITES - GRAZ

BB

GS

DB

RU

LE

AN

SAMPLING SITES - SALZBURG

RESULTS – PM10 VIENNA

Vienna

0.00

25.00

50.00

75.00

100.00

125.00

01-0

1-20

04

15-0

1-20

04

29-0

1-20

04

12-0

2-20

04

26-0

2-20

04

11-0

3-20

04

25-0

3-20

04

08-0

4-20

04

22-0

4-20

04

06-0

5-20

04

20-0

5-20

04

03-0

6-20

04

17-0

6-20

04

01-0

7-20

04

15-0

7-20

04

29-0

7-20

04

12-0

8-20

04

26-0

8-20

04

09-0

9-20

04

23-0

9-20

04

07-1

0-20

04

21-1

0-20

04

04-1

1-20

04

18-1

1-20

04

02-1

2-20

04

16-1

2-20

04

30-1

2-20

04

SCH

RIN

KEN

LOB

average nº days > 50SCH 20.5 15RIN 32.5 60KEN 27.7 36LOB 20.3 9

RESULTS – PM10 GRAZ

Graz

0.00

25.00

50.00

75.00

100.00

125.00

150.00

175.00

01-0

1-20

04

15-0

1-20

04

29-0

1-20

04

12-0

2-20

04

26-0

2-20

04

11-0

3-20

04

25-0

3-20

04

08-0

4-20

04

22-0

4-20

04

06-0

5-20

04

20-0

5-20

04

03-0

6-20

04

17-0

6-20

04

01-0

7-20

04

15-0

7-20

04

29-0

7-20

04

12-0

8-20

04

26-0

8-20

04

09-0

9-20

04

23-0

9-20

04

07-1

0-20

04

21-1

0-20

04

04-1

1-20

04

18-1

1-20

04

02-1

2-20

04

16-1

2-20

04

30-1

2-20

04

BB

GS

DB

average nº days > 50BB 21.2 16GS 38.0 92DB 44.3 113

RESULTS – PM10 SALZBURG

Salzburg

0.00

25.00

50.00

75.00

100.00

01-0

1-20

04

15-0

1-20

04

29-0

1-20

04

12-0

2-20

04

26-0

2-20

04

11-0

3-20

04

25-0

3-20

04

08-0

4-20

04

22-0

4-20

04

06-0

5-20

04

20-0

5-20

04

03-0

6-20

04

17-0

6-20

04

01-0

7-20

04

15-0

7-20

04

29-0

7-20

04

12-0

8-20

04

26-0

8-20

04

09-0

9-20

04

23-0

9-20

04

07-1

0-20

04

21-1

0-20

04

04-1

1-20

04

18-1

1-20

04

02-1

2-20

04

16-1

2-20

04

30-1

2-20

04

RU

LE

AN

average nº days > 50RU 31.8 36LE 21.0 14AN 16.0 12

RESULTS – DL, QL AND BLANKS

3.31813LOQ (ng/m3)

1.16.14.5LOD (ng/m3)

GalacMannoLevo

4013160AN

3612120LE

396110RU

44760DB

44980GS

398120BB

4813190LOB

5212123KEN

5211100RIN

5112121SCH

poolsGalacMannoLevo

Levoglucosan (µg/m³) - Vienna 2004

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May Jun

Jul

Aug Sep Oct

Nov

Dec

SCH

RIN

KEN

LOB

RESULTS – LEVOGLUCOSAN

Levoglucosan (µg/m³) - Graz 2004

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May Jun

Jul

Aug Sep Oct

Nov

Dec

BB

GS

DB

Levoglucosan (µg/m³) - Salzburg 2004

0

0.18

0.36

0.54

0.72

0.9

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May Jun

Jul

Aug Sep Oct

Nov

Dec

RU

LE

AN

0.20 (0.02 – 1.21)SLZ

0.41 (0.04 – 2.2)GRA

0.14 (<DL – 1.18)VIE

Average (min-max)

RESULTS – LEVOGLUCOSAN CONTRIBUTION TO OC

7.216.344.824.772.864.616.8910.735.956.56winter/

summer

2.803.412.042.033.802.641.651.331.491.68Autumn

0.710.710.520.591.060.950.420.220.380.41Summer

2.441.911.171.612.633.241.451.271.111.72Spring

5.134.482.502.803.044.402.882.342.282.68Winter

2.742.381.611.712.782.681.521.291.311.61Year

ANLERUDBGSBBLOBKENRINSCH

SalzburgGrazVienna

RESULTS – BIOMASS SMOKE

8.16.55.98.48.25.88.07.66.18.2winter/

summer

2.95.74.37.38.73.92.52.53.22.1Autumn

0.30.50.60.91.10.80.30.30.40.3Summer

0.60.80.81.92.41.70.60.60.70.6Spring

2.73.53.27.99.24.82.12.52.52.3Winter

1.72.22.34.45.22.71.31.51.71.3Year


SalzburgGrazVienna

RESULTS – BIOMASS SMOKE CONTRIBUTION TO OC AND OM

7.26.04.84.82.94.56.910.75.96.6winter/

summer

38.446.928.027.751.336.022.718.320.523.0Autumn

9.89.77.18.114.613.15.43.05.35.6Summer

33.626.316.122.136.143.019.817.115.023.3Spring

70.257.934.438.441.658.939.532.231.336.8Winter

37.531.922.223.437.735.120.917.718.022.1Year


SalzburgGrazViennato OC

30 (3.3 – 100)SLZ

30 (4.6 – 100)GRA

19 (<DL – 58)VIE

Average (min-max)to OM

Contribution of Biomass Smoke to PM10 (%) Vienna

0

3

6

9

12

winter spring summer autumn

SCH

RIN

KEN

LOB

Contribution of Biomass Smoke to PM10 (%) Graz

0

6

12

18

24


BB

GS

DB

RESULTS – BIOMASS SMOKE CONTRIBUTION TO PM

Contribution of Biomass Smoke to PM10 (%) Salzburg

0.0

5.5

11.0

16.5

22.0


RU

LE

AN

10 (0.6 – 100)SLZ

12 (1 – 100)GRA

6 (<DL – 41)VIE

Average (min-max)

RESULTS – BIOMASS SMOKE CONTRIBUTION PM –

EXCEEDANCE EPISODES - VIENNA

2.572.721.912.422.152.182.312.67Exc/not

exc., cold

2.120.82.127.62.129.82.022.8Not exc.,

cold

5.556.44.166.64.565.04.660.9Exceed.

WBPM10WBPM10WBPM10WBPM10

LOBKENRINSCH


EXCEEDANCE EPISODES - GRAZ

2.302.292.022.561.723.06Exc/not

exc., cold

4.433.86.129.84.118.9Not exc.,

cold

10.177.412.476.47.158.0Exceed.

WBPM10WBPM10WBPM10

DBGSBB


EXCEEDANCE EPISODES - SALZBURG

1.343.322.213.451.621.95Exc/not

exc., cold

2.7918.53.7317.73.3533.0Not exc.,

cold

3.7561.68.2761.15.4364.3Exceed.

WBPM10WBPM10WBPM10

ANLERU

RESULTS – MANNOSAN AND GALACTOSAN

Galactosan (µg/m³) - Graz 2004

0.000

0.035

0.070

0.105

0.140

0.175

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May Ju

n

Jul

Aug Sep Oct

Nov

Dec

BB

GS

DB

Mannosan (µg/m³) - Salzburg 2004

0.000

0.045

0.090

0.135

0.180

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May Ju

n

Jul

Aug Sep Oct

Nov

Dec

RU

LE

AN

Highly correlated with levoglucosan:correlations > 0.90

Because of their different origin in the pyrolysis process of wood, they may be useful to differentiate between different types of woods burned

RESULTS – SOFTWOOD VS. HARDWOOD

% spruce = (14.8 – levo/manno) / 0.112 (Schmidl et al., 2008)

4159Selling statistics

5 – 2575 – 95This study

% softwood% hardwood

CONCLUSIONS

•Levoglucosan yearly averages: 0.12 – 0.48 µg m-3 . Graz showed higher concentrations compared to the other regions.Background sites, in general, evidenced slightly lower concentrations than urban sites.

•Levoglucosan showed a pronounced seasonal cycle . Concentrations were 6 to 8 times higher during the colder months.

•Annual averaged levoglucosan-C / OC were lower in Vienna (1.3 to 1.6%) and higher in Graz and Salzburg (1.6 to 2.8%).Contributions were 3 to 11 times higher during the colder months.

CONCLUSIONS

The yearly average contributions of BS to OC, OM and PM were in the ranges 18-38%, 18-37% and 5.1-13%, respectively.Contributions in Vienna were lower than in the regions of Graz and Salzburg.Contributions were generally lower at sites located closer to the city-centre (traffic sources).

Cold season (winter and autumn) average contributions to OM werevery high: 27-30%, 32-47% and 31-55% in Vienna, Graz and Salzburg, respectively.

�BS : main contributor to organic aerosol in the cold season�BS : major contributor to PM in the cold season.

For the residential and rural sites, the contribution of BS to OM was overwhelming (close to or above 50% in the less populated cities).This difference between the city-fringe sites and the city centre sites in Vienna were not as marked.

CONCLUSIONS

•Exceedance periods during the cold season: WB contribution grows, at most, the same as PM10.

•Mannosan and galactosan had a similar seasonal cycle as levoglucosan, high correlations.Much lower concentrations.

•The ratios levoglucosan / mannosan = 4.1-6.4 levoglucosan / galactosan = 11-22when biomass burning is expected to be a strong source.

•“best estimate” for the contribution of softwood in the mix of burned wood is 60 – 85%.

Wood burning impact on PM10 in three Austrian regions · Wood burning impact on PM10 in three...

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