Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth: ________

Types of WoodConiferous Difuse Porous Ring Porous

Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth: ________

Softwood (coniferous trees)

Hardwood diffuse porous(deciduous trees)

Hardwood ring-porous(deciduous trees)

Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth: ________

Picea Pinus Taxus Tsugasmithiana walichiana baccata dumosa

General Ring Structure

Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth: ________

Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth: ________

Abies spectabilis Cupressus torulosa Juniperus recurva

False Ring

Cells leading into the false ring will

gradually decrease in size and then

gradually increase back to earlywood

cells.

Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth: ________

Definitions:_

Parenchyma: thin walled tissue concerned primarily with thestorage and distribution of carbohydrates.Terminal Parenchyma: the last parenchyma formed in ayears growth. In some diffuse porous species it is all thatAppears to denote the limit of a ring.Tree-Ring: The annual increment of zylem growthproduced around a trees’ circumference in one year.Earlywood: springwood. The xylem cells formed during The beginning of the growing season.Latewood: the xylem cells formed during the mid-end of The growing season.Resin Canals: tubular space surrounded by secreting cells bearing resin in certain softwoods.Traumatic Resin Canals: resin canals supposedly arising From injury.Annual Increment: The radial xylem growth produced in a single year. Commonly measured to the nearest 0.001 mm.

Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth: ________

Rhododendron Acer Sorbus arboreum pectinatum microphylla

Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth: ________

Betula Castanopsis Quercus Juglans utilis hystrix semicarpifolia regia

Oak Ring Structure.

Oaks rarely have missing rings but they can have very compressed growth.

Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth: ________

Offset Across Rays

Oak often exhibits an offset in the rings across rays.

Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth: ________

Definitions:_

Limiting Factors: Conditions of a trees environment that Have the most control on the rate at which a tree grows.When all limiting factorsare sufficient growth isunimpeded, when anysingle limiting factorfalls below or near theminimum requirementfor a tree species in aspecific environmentthen growth of the treeis negatively effected.

Auxin Model

Growth hormone is produced in the canopy of the tree and trickles down the trunk initiating ring growth around the stem.

Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth: ________

Locally Absent Rings

Rings may be locally absent along the length of the tree.

Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth: ________

Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth: ________

Tree ring diameter growth

Term

inal h

eig

ht

gro

wth

Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth: ________

The influence of climate.

Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth: ________

Tree growth throughout the year.

Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth:__________________________ ________

valley mountainnorth

south

Fig. 1. Average rainfall and temperature(1990-1999) Hurchi 3270 masl

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0

50

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0

5

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Temperature Rainfall

Fig. 2. Average rainfall and temperature(1990-1999) Bathpalathang 2650 masl

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0

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Temperature Rainfall

The role of climate.

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Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth:__________________________ ________

Temperature Precipitation

Climate response model Eastern White Cedar Québec, Canada

Climate Response of MOR Residual

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0.00

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JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC GRO ANN

Month

Pearson's r

Precip

Temp

PDSI

Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth:__________________________ ________

Climate response model …Mogan Ridge. USA

False Ring: an incomplete start of final latewood development.Locally Absent Ring: (LAR) an incomplete growth layer.Time Series: An orderly sequence of events or measurements that may change over time.Biological Growth Curve: The average radial growth of as tree as measured overtime.

Definitions:_________________________________________________

Indices: Relative annualgrowth variations that no longer vary with the age of tree.

Definitions:_________________________________________________

Chronology: A time series of mean growth measurements from a specific site and species.Master Chronology: A precisely dated mean chronology.Climate: Seasonal conditions of precipitation and temp-erature measured in months or years or centuries.Response Model: percent climate expressed in tree-rings.Paleoclimate: Past climate prior to instrumental recordkeeping.Paleomaterial: Preserved specimens of datable materialthat can be used in building longer chronologies thanone can build from living trees.

Wood Anatomy and Tree Growth: ________

Complacent andsensitive tree-ring growth.

Standardization: The process by which the biologicalgrowth curve is removed from the individual raw ring width measurements producing a new time series of index values (indices). These dimensionless values of year to year variation are commonly calculated either by division or subtraction of a raw annual increment by the mean biological growth curve value for the same year (e.g., It = Rt/Gt ).

Definitions:_