Influence of Heartwood on Wood Density and Pulp Properties ...
WOOD 120 Pulp and Paper
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Transcript of WOOD 120 Pulp and Paper
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WOOD 120
Pulp and Paper
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Raw material Paper products
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Chemical pulp mill
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http://w3.upm-kymmene.com/upm/internet/cms/upmmma.nsf/lupGraphics/Botnia_Fray%20Bentos%20mill_1.jpg/$file/Botnia_Fray%20Bentos%20mill_1.jpg
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Chemical pulp mill
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http://www.metsopaper.com/paper/MPwGeneral.nsf/WebWID/WTB-061228-2256F-E7612/$File/Total_scope_with_large_text.jpg
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Surface Section through paper sheet
Composition of Paper
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Lignin “glues” wood cells together
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wood fibers or fiber bundles
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Pulping
Mechanical• Uses heat and
mechanical energy• Higher yield• Lower quality
Chemical• Uses heat and
chemical energy• Lower yield• Higher quality
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World Pulp Production (2012)(x106 metric tonnes)
• Recovered paper 212.8
• Mechanical pulp 28.9
• Full chemical pulp 98.1Kraft 94.7Sulphite 3.4
• Dissolving pulp 4.9
• Non-wood fiber pulp 16.1
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http://www.unitedeagle.cn/upimages/20083311435587662.jpg
http://www.partonlumber.com/images/000_0334.jpg
Raw material – wood supplyLogs Chips
www.panoramio.com/photos/original/3042908.jpg
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http://www.energysolutionscenter.org/gasirpaper/Images/PaperManfLine.jpg
Pulp and Paper – overview of production stages
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http://www.energysolutionscenter.org/gasirpaper/Images/PaperManfLine.jpg
Pulping
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http://www.energysolutionscenter.org/gasirpaper/Images/PaperManfLine.jpg
Pulp treatment
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http://www.energysolutionscenter.org/gasirpaper/Images/PaperManfLine.jpg
Papermaking
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wood fibers or fiber bundles
Mechanical pulping
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Mechanical Pulping
• Stone ground wood
• Refiner pulps
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Debarking
Drum debarkers
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18http://chempatec-auhorn.com/images/pressurizedmechanicalpulpproduction001_480.jpg
Stone Ground Wood
grinding stone
bolts of wood
hydraulic pistons
pulp slurry
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Stone Ground Wood
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Stone Ground Wood
• Raw material – short logs (bolts)
• High yield
• Low quality fibers or fiber bundles
• High energy input
• Pulp suitable for tissues
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Refiner pulping
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Pretreatment of chips
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http://www.triple-r.co.nz/pop/pop_pulp09.html
http://www.globalequip.com/photos/bg_901371.001_2.jpg
Refiner pulping
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http://www.metsopaper.com/paper/MPwFiber.nsf/WebWID/WTB-041123-2256F-3E65B/$File/TMP_blue222.jpg
Multiple refiners in parallel
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Refiner pulping
• Raw material – chips
• Lower yield than SGW
• Medium quality fibers or fiber bundles
• High energy input
• Pulp suitable for newsprint
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The “Alphabet Pulps”
• RMPrefiner mechanical pulp
• TMP thermo mechanical pulp
• CTMP chemi thermo mechancial pulp
• SGW stone ground wood
• PGW pressurized ground wood
• NSSC neutral sulfite semi chemical
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wood individual fibers
Chemical pulping
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Chemical Pulping
•Sulfate process (Kraft)
•Sulfite process
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Kraft process
Delignifies wood by• fragmenting lignin into smaller units• adding chemical groups to increase the lignin’s solubilityTolerates wide range of speciesHigh strength pulpLower yield than mechanical pulps
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Kraft digester - continuous
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http://www.outokumpu.com/35127.epibrw
http://us.magnetrol.com/Images/Applications/PulpDigester.jpg
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Kraft pulping – continuous digester
1. Chips and pulping chemicals
2. Steam
3. Blow valve
4. Gases
5. Pulp
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Pulping
Evaporation
Burning
Washing
Cauticising
Whiteliquor
Wood
PulpBleaching
Bailing &Shipping
Kraft liquor recovery cycle
Greenliquor
Blackliquor
Green liquor recovery cycle
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Pulp treatment
• Bleaching / Brightening
• Beating (refining)
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http://www.energysolutionscenter.org/gasirpaper/Images/PaperManfLine.jpg
Pulp and Paper – overview of production stages
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http://www.chmltech.com/pulppaper_files/pulp%20bleaching.jpg
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Raw material Paper products
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Bleaching vs. Brightening
Bleaching• Continuation of
pulping process• Removal of residual
lignin left after pulping• More permanent• Applied to chemical
pulps
Brightening• Distinct from pulping
process• Impact chromophoric
structures in lignin• More temporary• Applied to mechanical
pulps
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Bleaching/brightening chemicals
• C chlorine Cl2• D chlorine dioxide ClO2
• O oxygen O2
• Z ozone O3
• P peroxide H2O2
• E alkaline extraction NaOH
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Bleaching/brightening sequences
• Classic
e.g., C E D E D
• Elemental Chlorine Free (ECF)
e.g., D E D E D
• Totally Chlorine Free (TCF)
e.g., O Z E P
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Bleaching Towers
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http://www.andritz.com/cir-pic-pk-ar-2002.jpg
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Pulp Beating
• Flattens fibers to produce larger surface area – increases hydrogen bonding between fibers
• Unravels fibers to some degree
• Optimum beating time to achieve best paper properties
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Pulp Beating
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Jordan refiner
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Pulp Beating
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Before beating After beating
Internal and external defibrillation take place
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Papermaking
Foudrinier machine
- thinner paper sheet
- faster production speed
Cylinder machine
- thicker paper sheet
- slower production speed
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Papermaking
• Foudrinier machine- thinner paper sheet- faster production speed
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Foudrinier papermaking machine
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http://www.risiinfo.com/images/magazine/pp_mag/1102papermaking21A.jpg
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Foudrinier - schematic
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http://www.astenjohnson.com/images/images_paper-machine.jpg
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Blending of pulp stocks
48http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/767/108027.JPG
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Foudrinier papermaking machine
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Foudrinier – wet-end
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Foudrinier - presses
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Foudrinier – dry-end
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Foudrinier – calendering and winding
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Foudrinier – moisture loss in paper
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Papermaking• Cylinder machine
- thicker paper sheet- slower production speed
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Cylinder papermaking machine
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Cylinder papermaking machine
http://www.zangyeu.com.tw/2007/003.jpg
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Schematic of cylinder machine
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Screen rotates
Mold remains fixed
Paper layer forms on screen
Level of pulp stock
Couch roll
vacuum pressure
Fibres in suspension
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Cylinder papermaking machine
Dryers
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World Paper Production (2012)(x106 metric tonnes)
• Wrapping, packaging 214.4 and board
• Coated paper 42.4
• Newsprint 30.1
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