SOME VIEWS…

•BY THE YEAR 1905, THERE WAS A KIND OF BRAK IN SOME OF THE AREAS OF PHYSICS.. SO WHEN EINSTEIN RELEASED HIS WORK ON “THE PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT” & “SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY”AND

CHAKKI CHALNE LAGI….•ACCORDING TO THE PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT ELECTROMAGNENIC RADIATIONS ARE QUANTISED AND ELEMENTARY AMOUT IS CALLED PHOTON.THUS LIGHT IS MADE UP OF PARTICLES WHICH CONTRADICTS THE WAVE IDEA OF CLASSICAL PHYSICS…

LOUIS DE BROGLIE, A GRADUATE FROM UNI. OF PARIS,THOUGHT ABOUT THE REVERSE EFFECT,THAT PARTICLES MIGHT HAVE WAVE NATURE.

IN 1924, HE PROPOSED –PARTICLE OF MASS(M),VELOCITY(V) SHOULD HAVE ASSOCIATED WITH IT A WAVELENGHT()

DE BROGLI WAVELENGHT= h/p

IDEA HELPED TO UNDERSTAND THE QUANTIZATION OF ATOMIC ELECTRON ORBIT.

TO EXPLAIN WAVE/PARTICLE DUALITY,BOHR PROPOSED THE

PRINCIPLE OF COMPLEMENTARY-

“IT IS NITHER POSSIBLE NOT NECESSARY TO CHOOSE BETWEEN WAVE & PARTICLE,BUT THAT BOTH ARE ESSENTIAL FOR A COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF NATURE.”

SERIOUSLY HURT LAPLACE`S DREAM OF DETERMINISTIC UNIVERSE.

IN 1926, WERNER HEISENBERG GAVE A PRINCIPLE WHICH SAYS THAT “ONE CAN NOT FIND BOTH- POSITION AND MOENTUM AT A SAME INSTANCE COMPLETELY.”

X P ≥ h/2 X=POSITION

P=MOMENTUM

IT CONFORMED THAT THE GOD HAS FREEDOM TO INTERVENE IN THE WORLD…

Held in Belgium, the conference was attended by the world's most notable physicists to discuss the newly formulated quantum theory. Of the 12 individuals cited here in History of Quantum Mechanics, only the three mathematicians were not in attendance: William Hamilton was dead, John von Neumann did not publish his book until 1932, and David Hilbert ("physics far too difficult for physicists") probably wasn't invited.