An enormous, powerful and frightening downfall of water from the mountain tops have always been an awe-inspiring sight for us. This chapter introduces some of the world’s most famous waterfalls.

Wonder Waterfalls

State True or False for the following statements.

Victoria falls, the largest waterfall in the

world was discovered by David

Livingston around the year 1855 and he

named it after the then-queen Victoria.

_______________

The famous Niagara waterfall of Canada is

actually a collection of three individual

waterfalls named: Horseshoe Falls, American

Falls, and Bridal Veil Falls. _______________

Jog waterfalls in Karnataka is

the highest waterfall in India.

_____________________

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The name Iguazú means ‘Big Water’. There is a legend about the origin of this waterfall. Once a deity planned to marry a beautiful woman named Naipí, who fled with her human lover Tarobá in a canoe. In rage, the deity sliced the river, creating the waterfalls and condemning the lovers to an eternal fall.

Angel Falls is the world's highest waterfall and is a

UNESCO World Heritage Site. It got its name from Jimmie

Angel, the first person to fly over it. _____________

Iguazu Falls, one of the widest waterfall in the world is

situated in Canada. ___________________

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Big

Water

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HINTS |

Nature has gifted us with a lot of beautiful and amazing plant and animal species. Some of these birds are truly stunning and unique. Let us meet some of these rare and lesser known beauties.

Choose the right names for these exotic birds from the hints given below and write them in the given space.

Flamingo, Rainbow Lorikeet, Keel-billed Toucans, Golden Pheasant, The Hoopoe, Bird of Paradise,Northern Cardinal, Pea-cock, Lear's Macaw

Bird Watch

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4 5 6

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Some of the differences between these animals are given below. Now find out their right names with the given description.

There are many animals which look almost the same but are very distinct and different from each other. Each, though appears similar yet is unique in it’s own way. Let’s sort out some of the common confusing traits in these animals.

Confusing Animals

Hares are generally larger and faster than rabbits,

and have longer ears, longer and bigger hind

legs. Rabbit fur remains same in colour while

hare’s fur changes.

Lizards have scaly bodies and long toes,

while salamanders have smooth bodies and

stumpy toes.

Frogs have smooth skin and long legs. Toads

have thicker skin and shorter legs.

A butterfly’s antennae are club-shaped tipped

by a bulb while a moth’s are feathery.

Tortoise shells are heavier and more dome-like.

Turtles have flat streamlined shell coverings.

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Mules and donkeys are commonly confused

because mules are partial donkeys. A mule is a

cross breed of a female horse and a male donkey.

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World EpithetsFind out the real names of these world famous epithets.

City of Skyscrapers City of Dreaming Spires

Land of Rising Sun The Dark Continent

The Key to Mediterranean The Land of Midnight Sun

The Land of Morning Calm Land of White Elephants

HINTS | New York, Oxford, Africa, Myanmar, Norway, Thailand, Finland, Gibraltar, Belgium, Japan, Korea, Pamirs

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Roof of the World2

Cockpit of Europe 5

The Land of Golden Pagoda 8

Land of Thousand Lakes 11

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World Famous ResidencesAn official residence is the residence at which a nation's head or leaders of international organisations and other senior figures officially reside. Here is a list of most famous official residences in the world.

Match the following.

Official residence of the King/Queen of Britain

Official residence of the

Indian President

Official residence of the

President of France

Official residence of the

President of the USA

Official residence of the

President of Argentina

Formal residence of the

Russian President

Private residence of the Swedish Royal family

Official residence of the South Korean head of state

1. Blue House

2. Grand Kremlin Palace

3. Tokyo Imperial Palace

4. Drottningholm Palace

5. Sutton Place

6. Elysee Palace

7. Pink House

8. White House

9. Buckingham Palace

10. Rashtrapati Bhavan

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B

C

D

E

F

G

H

The main residence of

the Emperor of Japan

Official residence of the Secretary General of United Nations

J

I

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Indians the World Looks up toThe world has stood up to notice and greatly benefit from some of the greatest Indian personalities who made the country proud by achieving the extraordinary. Here is a list of a few noted, extremely gifted and popular Indian faces of our time who are known and respected the world over. Fill in the blanks to know the personalities.

Indian music maestro and singer. This Oscar winner is admired all around the world.

One of the most admired and famous Indian faces on the global map. He is the CEO of Google company.

He is the captain of the Indian cricket team. A man who is looked upon as the next great player in Indian cricket after Sachin Tendulkar.

Noted Indian activist and world famous writer.

A talented Indian actress who also made a huge name in Hollywood industry. She was also crowned the Miss World in year 2000.

A R ___ A ___ M ___ N

V ___ R ___ T ___ O ___ L I

A R ___ ___ D ___ ___ T___ R ___ Y

S ___ N D ___ R P I ___ ___ AI

___ R I Y A ___ ___ A ___ H ___ P R ___

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Is there really fire in a firefly?No, fireflies do not produce real fire in their bodies; instead they produce a chemical reaction that allows their body to light up. This type of light production is called bioluminescence. It is the presence of a chemical named luciferin in the body of fireflies that help them to emit this cold light.

Guess the name of the chemical substance contained in the following articles.

Everyday Chemicals

______________ is the

chemical that gives the yellow

tint to turmeric. This

chemical fights germs, heals

inflammation, and researches

are also going on to study its

power in healing cancer.

Tobacco contains a chemical

called ______________.

Tobacco causes many

diseases, especially those

affecting the heart, liver,

and lungs, as well as many

cancers.

Milk contains a particular

kind of sugar called

______________. It is one of

the best sources of energy

and also help in growth and

bone development.

Garlic has a chemical in it

called ______________. It has

a lot of health benefits such

as in treating gastric troubles,

heart diseases, etc.

We all love ice creams and

sweets flavoured with vanilla

essence. It is a chemical

called ______________ gives

vanilla beans this wonderful

fragrance.

A chemical called

______________ is responsible

for the orange colour of

carrots. This chemical is one

of the main sources of

vitamin A.

It is a chemical called

______________ which gives

chillies the hot taste. In fact it

produces a burning sensation

when comes into contact

with any body part.

HINTS | Carotene, Caffeine, Lactose, Capsaicin, Nicotine, Vanillin, Allicin, Curcumin

Why do we feel refreshed after having a cup of coffee? Why is it said that turmeric can help in fighting diseases? In fact, it is some specific chemicals contained in these substances that give them these special properties. Let’s have a quick look at some of these.

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______________ is the

chemical found in coffee. It

helps to energise and activate

our brain. That’s why students

who want to read throughout

the night drink coffee so that

they don’t fall asleep.

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1. When you were born, you had 300 bones. Now you have

________________. The rest of the bones have not disappeared -

they have merely fused together.

2. Messages from the human brain travel along nerves up to the

speed of ________________ km per hour.

3. An adult human’s small intestine is about ________________ feet

long, which is about four times as long as an adult’s height.

4. In an adult human, blood circulates about ________________ km

a day. This is like traveling from east to west across the widest

part of the Pacific Ocean.

5. Every ________________ seconds, your red blood cells do a

complete circuit of your body.

6. A human eye can distinguish between approximately

________________ different colors.

7. In an adult human, ________________ % of their bones are in the

feet.

8. You get a new top layer of skin in every ________________ days.

9. The human brain can read up to ________________ words per

minute.

10. Your heart beats ________________ times a day.

Fill in the blanks with proper numbers.

Human body is such a complex and mysterious creation, we are yet to know many of the secrets behind its working. Find out about some interesting calculations that nature makes on our body. Let’s call them ‘the math of life’.

The Mathematics of Life

HINTS | 206, 10 million, 19000, 100,000, 1000, 60, 20, 322, 25, 3028

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Most famous poems and their AuthorsThe world of poetry is magical, and poets are indeed magicians. Meet some of the most famous poets of all times and snippets from their poems.

Re-arrange the jumbled names and tally them with the correct names of the famous poets.

All the world is a Stage

“All the world's a stage,

And all the men and women merely players;

They have their exits and their entrances.”

Daffodils

“I wandered lonely as a cloud

That floats on high o’er vales and hills,

When all at once I saw a crowd,

A host, of golden daffodils”

The Tiger

“Tiger Tiger, burning bright,

In the forests of the night;

What immortal hand or eye,

Could frame thy fearful symmetry?”

MILLIAW PEARESKAPSH

WAMILLI SWORD THROW

AMILILAW BAKEL

The Road Not Taken

“Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—

I took the one less travelled by,

And that has made all the difference.”

TEROB STROF

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The greatest film director India has ever seen. He was born in Calcutta and became famous for his world famous masterpiece movie ‘Pather Panchali’.

A great Indian flute player. He has been honoured with Padma Vibhushan. He also serves as the Artistic Director of the World Music Department at the Rotterdam Music Conservatory in Netherlands.

She is India’s first women photojournalist. In 2011, she was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, the second highest civilian award of the Republic of India.

S

Indian Art MaestrosMeet some of the world famous, incredibly talented art maestros of India.

He was one of the most famous artists of India, known all over the world for his amazing paintings that he created during his lifetime. So huge is the popularity of his paintings that he was called the 'Picasso of India' by the Forbes magazine.

M U I N

S T T

M L L

S A

H A R D

Y A

H O I

V W A L A

Y

I

She has been a multifaceted genius. A noted Kuchipudi and Bharatnatyam dancer. She has immensely contributed to the fields of acting, writing and publishing. She has also received the "French Palme D'or'', the highest civilian award of France.

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HINTSHariprasad Chaurasya, Homai Vyarawalla,M.F Hussein, Mallika Sarabhai, Satyajit Ray

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Mona Lisa's mysterious smile

The 'Mona Lisa' is a portrait painting by the famous Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci. It is described as "the best known, the most visited, the most written about, and the most sung about work of art'' in the world.

At the first glance, you think you see a smile hovering on her lips. But when you take a deeper look, she's barely smiling. Presently, the Mona Lisa hangs in the Louvre art gallery of France.

Have a look at some of the most famous paintings in the world. Choose the correct artist for each painting.

Most Famous Paintings

1. The Starry Night 2. Guernica 3. Girl with a Pearl Earring

4. The Birth of Venus 5. Dogs Playing Poker 6. Water Lilies

Vincent van Gogh

Gustav Klimt

Jan van Eyck

Pablo Picasso

Claude Monet

Johannes Vermeer

Sandro Botticelli

Hieronymus Bosch

C.M. Coolidge

Jackson Pollock

Rembrandt

Claude Monet

41

1. Which famous stadium in Kolkata is the largest stadium

in India and second largest football stadium in the world?

2. Jawaharlal Nehru is multipurpose sports stadium and one

of the most important sports stadiums in India, where is

it located?

3. Which is India’s largest cricket stadium with a seating capacity of 68,000?

4. Which of Mumbai’s famous stadiums witnessed many notable

matches including the 2011 Cricket World Cup Final, and the

last match of Sachin Tendulkar's international career?

5. The cricket stadium at Chepauk, Chennai, home ground of the

Tamil Nadu cricket team and the Indian Premier League team

Chennai Super Kings, is named after which former BCCI president?

6. The Buddh International Circuit, The only one Formula 1 racing

track in India is located in Uttar Pradesh. Name the exact place

where it is located in the state?

7. Highest Cricket Stadium in the world is located in Himachal

Pradesh. Name the exact place of its located.

Sports Stadiums in IndiaSports help a person, explore invent as well as create new things for herself or himself. It is also an effective medium in inculcating team spirit, resilience and discipline, values that hold us in good stead as we grow. To support and nurture different types of sporting events nationally and internationally, constructing stadiums with diverse facilities is important. Let’s look at how far India has gone in this; let us explore some of the famous sports stadiums in India.

Fill up the given blanks.

N

L T

D E N

A

A.

L I

KA E

R D E N

ED

AHC R A M

O

D

A

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AC

How do we get to know about a product? Through advertisements, right? So it is important that advertisements catch the attention of the buyers. Catchy taglines help to imprint the brand in the memory of the buyers.

Here are some of the iconic taglines used in India. Match them to their popular brands.

Iconic Taglines

The Taste of India

Daag Acche Hai

Fresh N Juicy

The mint with a holeTaste Bhi, Health Bhi

Isko laga dala to life zinga lala

Zindagi ke Saath bhi, zindagi ke baad bhi

The power of dreams

The Complete ManTaste the Thunder

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Riddle-DiddleHere are some of the funniest riddles to amuse you. But remember, a good joke always needs a thread of logic in it; if you catch the logic; you catch the fun of it. Enjoy!

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4

Drop

You can drop me from the tallest building and I'll be fine, but if you drop

me in water I die. What am I?

______________________________________________.

Hungry Friend

Feed me and I live, yet give me a drink and I die.

______________________________________________.

Juicy

There was a green house. Inside the green house there was a white house.

Inside the white house there was a red house. Inside the red house there

were lots of babies. What is it?

______________________________________________.

World Tour

What can travel around the world while staying in a corner?

______________________________________________.

Not a snake

What has a head and a tail, but no body?

______________________________________________.

The burning man

I'm tall when I'm young and I'm short when I'm old. What am I?

______________________________________________________.

Oldie but a goodie

Who makes it, has no need of it.

Who buys it, has no use for it.

Who uses it can neither see nor feel it.

What is it?

_______________________________________________________.

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1. Paper 2. Fire 3. Watermelon 4. A stamp 5. A coin 6. Candle 7. Coffin Answer |

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YEAR EVENTS

4000 BC Invention of wheel

3300 BC - 1700 BC Indus Valley Civilization

900 BC Kurukshetra War (Mahabharata)

599 BC - 527 BC Lord Mahavira (Life span)

563 BC - 483 BC Lord Buddha (Life span)

322 BC - 298 BC Reign of Chandragupta Maurya (Founder of Mauryan Empire)

273 - 232 BC Reign of Ashoka (Mauryan Empire)

1206 - 1210 Reign of Qutb-ud-din Aibak, Founder of Slave Dynasty

(First ruler of the Delhi Sultanate)

1231 AD Qutub Minar built (Construction started in 1202)

1236 - 1240 AD Reign of Razia Sultan (Slave Dynasty)

1440 AD - 1518 AD Kabir Das (Life span)

1469 AD - 1539 AD Guru Nanak (Life span)

1498 - 1546 AD Mirabai (Life span)

1517 - 1526 Reign of Ibrahim Lodi (Last ruler of the Delhi Sultanate)

1526 First Battle of Panipat (Babar defeated Ibrahim Lodi), Foundation of Mughal Dynasty

1526 - 1540 Reign of Babar (Founder of Mughal Dynasty)

1530 - 1539*, 1555 - 1556 Reign of Humayun (Mughal Dynasty)

*1539 - 1545 Reign of Sher Shah Suri (He defeated Humayun and became India's Emperor)

1556 - 1605 Reign of Akbar (Mughal Dynasty)

1571 Humayun's Tomb built (Construction began in 1569)

1627 - 1658 Reign of Shah Jahan (Mughal Dynasty)

1648 Red Fort built (Construction began in 1639)

1653 Taj Mahal built (Construction began in 1631)

1658 Jama Masjid built (Construction began in 1644)

Timeline

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YEAR EVENTS

1853 First Railway Line between Bombay and Thane

1857 Revolt of 1857 (First War of Independence)

1861 - 1941 Rabindranath Tagore (Life span)

1869 - 1948 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Life span)

1873 India's First Tramway (Calcutta)

1919 Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

1928 India Won a Gold Medal in Hockey at Amsterdam Olympics

1931 India Gate Built

1947 India got Independence

1948 Assassination of Gandhi Ji

1950 Constitution came into Force

1963 First Rocket Launched (Trivandrum, Kerala)

1966 Indira Gandhi sworn-in as the First Female Prime Minister of India

1975 Aryabhata Launched (First Indian Satellite)

1982 Asia's Longest River Bridge inaugurated- Mahatma Gandhi Setu (Bihar)

1991 Invention of India's First Supercomputer- PARAM (Pune)

2003 Columbia Space Disaster (Death of Kalpana Chawla)

2007 Pratibha Devisingh Patil sworn-in as the First Female President of India

2008 Mumbai Attacks

(Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, Taj Mahal Palace and Tower Hotel)

2010 Commonwealth Games (Delhi)

2013 Uttarakhand Floods

Timeline

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