Women’s Suffrage
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Transcript of Women’s Suffrage
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Women’s SuffrageWomen’s Suffrage
A Brief HistoryA Brief History
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Suff-what?
• Suffrage - The right to vote
• Franchise - The right to vote. The rights of citizenship
• Vote - A formal indication of a choice between two or more candidates or courses of action, expressed typically through a ballot or a show of hands or by voice.
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At the Beginning...• Women were the “weaker vessel” - morally,
mentally and physically inferior to men.
• Women were subject to the authority of men - first their fathers’ then their husbands’.
• With marriage a women was under the legal identity of her husband.
• Women could not own or control property
• Women could not be the guardian of their children
• Women could not sue or be sued in court
• Any wages a women earned were legally her husbands
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Women Speak Out
• Women begin speak out and fight against slavery (Abolitionists).
• By 1848, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott organized the first women’s right convention in Seneca Falls, New York.
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Seneca Falls• Over 300 men and women attended
the convention.
• Women’s rights advocates at Seneca Falls argued that political power came from the consent of the governed and thus women should be given the right to vote.
• The Declaration of Sentiments (1848) was drafted at Seneca Falls and was modeled after the Declaration of Independence.
• “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights governments are instituted, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.”
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Progressive Era• By the end of the 19th century more women were
looking beyond their home and into the public sphere.
• By 1900 there were over 500 women’s clubs with over 160,000 members.
• Many of these organizations focused on supporting libraries, hospitals, schools, settlement houses, compulsory education and child labor laws.
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National American Woman Suffrage Association
• National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) led by Carrie Chapman Catt.
• Catt devised a “winning plan” which called for action on two fronts.
• Some groups lobbied Congress to pass a Constitutional Amendment.
• While other groups utilized the new referendum process to try and pass state suffrage laws.
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National Woman’s Party
• National Woman’s Party (NWP) was created by Alice Paul
• NWP believed that NAWSA was moving too slowly
• NWP took a more militant approach to campaigning for women’s suffrage.
• The NWP picketed outside of the White House.
• Women were arrested and sent to jail as a result of the protests.
• While in jail some women (like Alice Paul) went on hunger strikes until they were able to vote or be released from jail.
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National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage
• National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage (NAOWS) was formed in New York City in 1911
• NAOWS felt that women’s suffrage would decrease women’s work within their communities and societal reforms.
• NAOWS operated in Washington D.C. until it was disbanded after the passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920.
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National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage
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Nineteenth Amendment
• The efforts of both NAWSA and the NWP convinced a legislators to support a women’s suffrage amendment.
• June 1919, Congress approved the 19th Amendment which stated:
• “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.”
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QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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Sources
• http://www.america.gov/st/pubs-english/2005/May/20050531160341liameruoy0.2459375.html
• http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/trr040.html
• http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/senecafalls.asp
• http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Declaration_of_Sentiments.html
• http://www.accessible-archives.com/2012/03/elizabeth-cady-stanton-profile-part-4/
• http://www.biography.com/people/lucretia-mott-9416590
• http://theautry.org/explore/exhibits/images/suffrage/equal_350.jpg
• http://www.nwhm.org/online-exhibits/progressiveera/peace.html
• http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/homeEc/suffrage/suffrage_pics/NAWSA_certificateAlt.jpg
• http://www.visitthecapitol.gov/exhibition-hall/archives/images/1766?detail-image-node=1767
• http://www.socialwelfarehistory.com/organizations/national-womans-party/
• http://jwa.org/primarysources/orgrec_08.html
• http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/404481/National-Association-Opposed-to-Woman-Suffrage-NAOWS