Womens Health 3
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Transcript of Womens Health 3
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Chapter Three
Developing a Healthy Lifestyle
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
What is Healthy?
• Your health is dependent upon personal lifestyle choices as well as the following uncontrollable elements:
• Genetics
• Environmental conditions
• Technological developments of your country
• Gender
• Ethnicity
• Cultural issues
• Age-specific risks
• Potential for accidents
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Life Expectancy
• Many factors determine how long you live
• Life expectancy provide researchers with statistical averages for tracking health concerns, but does not consider the “individual”
• The average life expectancy for a person living in the U.S. is 77.5 years
• The average life expectancy for women is 80.1 years
• This average is 5.3 years more than menReference: http://www.census.gov/
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Leading Causes of Death for Women
Age Group Number 1 Cause of Death
15-24 years Accidents
25-34 years Accidents
35-64 years Malignant neoplasms
65 years and older Malignant neoplasms
Table 3.2 Leading Causes of Death for Females (all races)
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Whole Person Concept
• Three important elements bring about your state of well-being
• Mind (psyche)• Body (physical status)• Spirit (philosophy about living for yourself and with
others)
• Two major categories of factors that influence your status as a whole person:
• Endogenous factors (events that occur within you)• Exogenous factors (events that occur outside you)
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Dimensions of Wellness
• Wellness has been described as consisting of 6 major dimensions
• Physical• Social• Occupational• Intellectual• Spiritual• Emotional
See FYI: Descriptions of Wellness
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
World Wellness
• There are 6 primary environmental issues for world wellness:
• Air• Water• Energy• Food • Toxins• Nature
• The world is referred to as Mother Earth, and is the earliest and strongest female archetype that exists for women
• It is vital that issues of world health is not ignored compared to individual health
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Wellness vs. Illness
• Health is viewed along a continuum of wellness to illness
• Health intervention is the act of interfering to create change
• Three forms of health interventions are:• Education (research and study)• Prevention (avert occurrences of illness)• Treatment (decrease discomfort/increase health)
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Learning and Behavior
• Primary reinforcers can be positive, negative, and punishment
• A Positive Reinforcer is rewarding the behavior• A Negative Reinforcer is the removal of
something uncomfortable• A Punishment involves the presentation of
something uncomfortable
• Resistance to change is often a result of the existence of secondary reinforcers (interfering belief or value)
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (Figure 3.3)
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Theories and Models of Health Behavior Change
• The Transtheoretical Model• Multicomponent stage model consisting of 5 stages
• Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Action
• 3 primary concepts that can affect behavior change
• Self-Efficacy• Conviction that you can change behavior based on your
actions
•The preceding are theories or models that suggest ways to change health behaviors
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Planning Your Lifestyle Change
• Managing lifestyle changes can occur through a self-help plan which involves 3 steps:– Personal Inventory (evaluation of personal health)– Helpful Attitude (consider this a permanent change
that promotes realism)– Plan of Action
• Assessing behavior• Setting specific goals (behavioral contract)• Formulating intervention strategies• Evaluating progress
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Chapter Three
Developing a Healthy Lifestyle