WOMEN’S HEALTH IN ETHIOPIA: FACTS &

FIGURES

412

Maternal mortality

ratio

1.2%

HIV Prevalence among women

73%

Child delivery at home

86.1

Cancer Incidence Rates

per 100,000

January 2019

ealthy population is essential to achieving an empowered, inclusive and transformed Ethiopia, leaving no one behind. This powerful linkage between women’s health and development is valid worldwide.

Ethiopia has made strides especially in addressing maternal mortality, which has been halved between 1990 and 2010. However, the current mortality rate, 412/100,0001 is far from the SDG target of 70/100,000 by 2030. In addition to women’s structural health issues, breast and cervical constitute the most prevalent cancers in Ethiopia, among the entire adult population2.

Having accurate statistics on women’s health is essential to formulating and implementing the right mix of policies and programmes to meet their health needs.

This brochure provides insights into women’s main health issues in Ethiopia e.g. reproductive health; breast and cervical cancer; violence against women and girls, because of the related health issues and HIV/AIDS. It outlines the trend in women’s health care, the inequality in access to health services based on location and socio-economic status.

The brochure is made up of infographics to provide quick, simple yet compelling insights into women’s major health needs in Ethiopia along with self-contained messages on the latter.

INTRODUCTION

1 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 20162 The National Disease Prevention and Control Directorate (Federal Ministry of Health), 2017

REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH

4.62.3

5.2

4.8

4.6

4.82.6

5.5

UrbanNational Rural

Total fertility rate 15-49 years

2016

2011

5.42.4

6.0

5.42005

5.53.0

6.0

5.52000

Modern contraceptive methods are the most commonly used among married women in Ethiopia, and this has increased almost six fold from 2000 to 2016.

Any modern method

2000 2005 2011 2016

Current Use of Contraceptives among Married Women (%)

Source: Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016

Disaggregations by wealth, residence and education

13.6

11.3

26.5

24.4

23.5 12.2

Bottom 20% Top 20%

Urban Rural

Primary or no education

Secondary or Higher

Regional distribution of family planning unmet need in 2016 (%)

Tigray AfarAmharaOromia SomaliBen-Gumz SNNPGambela Harari Addis Ababa

Dire Dawa National

18.0 17.217.428.9 12.621.1 20.823.0 21.3 10.519.4 22.3

Unmet need for family planning among married women (%)

2016201120052000

22.326.336.136.6

Source: Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2000 - 2016

Total fertility rate by education level in 2016

2016

5.7

4.2

2.2

1.9

No education

Primary

Secondary

Higher

Trends of unmet family planning over the years

2009-2016

2030 SDG Target

2004-2011

1998-2005

1993-2000

Year

871

678

673

412

70

(DEATHS PER 100, 000 LIVE BIRTHS)

2013/2014

Hemorrhage Obstructed LaborHypertensiveDisorders ofPregnancy

SepsisAnemia

2014/2015 2015/2016 2016/2017 2017/2018

Despite a steady decline by 20% from 2006 to 2010, hemorrhage continues to be the main cause of maternal death in Ethiopia.

Source: Maternal Death Surveillance and Response (MDSR) System, 2013-2018.

Maternal mortality ratio has decreased by more than half from 2000-2016 but further progress at accelerated pace is needed to reach the SDG target of 70 by 2030.

The share of live births taking place in health facilities has increased �vefold from 2000 to 2016. However, more than two-third still deliver at home.

Percentage of live births in the 5 years preceding the survey by place of delivery

Tigray

Afar

Amhara

Ormiya

Somali

BenshangulGumz

SNNP

Gambela

Harari

Addis Ababa

Dire Dawa

Nat ional 2005

2016

<0.1

1.5

95 94 90 73

5 5 10 26

2000 2005 2011 2016

Percentage of Women who have experienced obstetric �stula

Source: Demographic Health Survey, Ethiopia, 2000 - 2016

Source: Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey, 2000- 2016

1.6

1.0

0.5

1.2

< 0.1

0.6

1.5

1.1

0.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.1

0.5

0.7

0.2

0.3

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.2

0.4

Causes of Maternal Mortality over Time (%)

Maternal mortality

HIV – Mother to Child Transmission (%)

Pregnant women have got antenatal care (ANC) from a skilled provider at least once in 2016

62

HIV +received ARV to reduce risk of MTCT

59

HIV exposed infants who recieved ARV prophylaxis

36

Source: Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016

58 5764

69

3235

4349

2000 2005 2011 2016

Men Women

Percentage men and women who have knowledge of HIV prevention methods (%)

HIV Prevalence by Sex and Region in 2016 (%)HIV

Men

Women

Somali

SNNP

Oromia

Amhara

Tigray

Afar

Ben-Gumz

Harari

Dire Dawa

Addis Ababa

Gambela

<0.1

0.2

0.2

1.0

0.7

1.2

0.3

1.3

1.3

2.2

3.7

0.1

0.5

1.1

1.3

1.5

1.6

1.6

3.5

3.5

4.2

5.7

Source: HIV Strategic Plan Mid Term review 20171.2 0.6

National HIV Prevalence in 2016

CANCERTop Four Breast and Cervical Cancer A�ected Regions

Cancer Incidence Rates (CIR) per 100,000 population and estimated number of cases in 2015 for the commonest cancer

types among women in Ethiopia

Source: Abate SM, Yilmaz, Assefa M, Tigeneh W (2016) Trends of Breast Cancer in Ethiopia. Int J Cancer Res Mol Mech 2(1): doi http://dx.doi. org/10.16966/2381-3318.121; Abate SM (2015) Trends of Cervical Cancer in Ethiopia. Cervical Cancer 1: 103. doi: 10.4172/2475-3173.1000101

Solomon Tessema Memirie, Mahlet Ki�e Habtemariam, Mathewos Asefa, Biniyam Tefera Deressa, Getamesay Abayneh, Biniam Tsegaye, Mihiret Woldetinsae Abraha, Girma Ababi, Ahmedin Jemal, Timothy R. Rebbeck, and Stéphane Verguet. “Estimates of Cancer Incidence in Ethiopia in 2015 Using Population Based Registry Data”, Journal of Global Oncology, 4: 1-11.

Breast Cervix UteriOvaryColorectalLeukemia Others

Source: Ethiopian Sara Survey, 2016

Availabilityof all items

Availability of essential items

72%

47%61%

2%

Trained Sta�

Serviceavailability

Service availability for cervical cancer screening

28.2

12.2

4.94.33.8

32.7

50

100

150

200

50

100

150

200

Addis Ababa Oromia Amhara SNNP1997 2012 1997 2012 1997 20121997 2012

Addis Ababa Oromia Amhara SNNP1997 2012 1997 2012 1997 20121997 2012

Number of Cervical Cancer Cases

Number of Brest Cancer Cases

Source: Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016

Share of Men and Women Justifying Wife Beating (%)

Proportion of women who experience violence

75

52 45

28

85 8168 63

2000 2005 2011 2016

Men Women Prevalence of Female Genital Mutilation (%)

79.8 79.953.9

2000 2016 2000 2016

Urban Rural

HARMFUL PRACTICESBeforeage15

Beforeage18

Beforeage15

Beforeage18

Survey conducted on women 20-49 years

Survey conducted on women 25-49 years

Age at �rst marriage (%)

23.354.2

25.958.3

Women’s median age at marriage by educationAge at �rst marrage among Women 20-49 and 25-49Median age at �rst marriage

among women age 25-49

16.3 17.8 22.4 24.0

No education Primary Secondary More than secondary

Source: Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey, 2000- 2016

VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN

23.3%10.1% 26.3% 33.8%

Ever experienced physical violence since age 15

Women who ever experienced sexual violence

Physical or sexual violence committed by husband/partner

Physical or sexual or emotional violence committed by

husband/partner

68.4

All forms of Violence

Intimate Partner Violence

2016

2016

2016