WOMEN SUFFERING FROM ANAEMIA – A MAJOR CHALLENGE … anemie... · 2019-05-27 · folic acid,...
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No. 78, March 2019 MAPS & FACTS This map is without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. We encourage the use of our maps. Please include the SWAC copyright, inform or contact us for specific requests: [email protected] www.oecd.org/swac/maps Club SAHEL AND WEST AFRICA Secretariat Club SAHEL AND WEST AFRICA Secretariat WOMEN SUFFERING FROM ANAEMIA – A MAJOR CHALLENGE A naemia is reaching extremely high levels in the Sahel and West Africa. Fourteen countries in the region have a prevalence of over 40% (severe) among women of reproductive age. Twelve West African countries feature among the twenty countries with the highest prevalence in the world. Globally, the prevalence of anaemia reduced between 1995 and 2011, from 33% to 29% among non-pregnant women and from 43% to 38% among pregnant women. According to the 2017 Global Nutrition Report, however, anaemia is increasing among women of reproductive age since 2012 and no country is on track to meet the set target. Pregnant adolescent girls are particularly vulnerable as they have dual iron requirements, for their own growth as well as for the growth of the foetus. Anaemia is an indicator of both poor nutrition and poor health. Iron deficiency is one of the main causes, others include folic acid, vitamins B12 and A deficiencies, as well as infections. Maternal anaemia is associated with mortality and morbidity in the mother and baby, including miscarriages, stillbirths, prematurity and low birth weight. In addition to affecting the health and quality of life of mothers, anaemia threatens future generations and has a negative effect on their development, ability to learn and economic productivity. The economic cost of cognitive deficiency and reduced productivity due to iron deficiency anaemia represents an average of 4% of GDP among low-income countries. The WHO has established guidelines for the prevention, monitoring and treatment of anaemia as well as an online monitoring tool in order to help countries set national targets and monitor progress. GLOBAL TARGET 2 : ANAEMIA This target implies a relative reduction of 50% of the number of non-pregnant women of reproductive age (15–49 years) affected by anaemia by the year 2025, compared to a baseline set in the period 1993–2005 and used as a reference starting point. This would translate into a 5.3% relative reduction per year between 2012 and 2025 and implies reducing the number of anaemic non-pregnant women to approximately 230 million. www.who.int/nutrition/trackingtool/en By 2025, a 50% reduction of anaemia in women of reproductive age. Source: 2016. WHO, Global Health Observatory data repository Mali Niger Nigeria Benin Togo Ghana Burkina Faso Senegal Gambia Cabo Verde Côte d’Ivoire Guinea Liberia Sierra Leone Guinea- Bissau Chad Mauritania 48% 35% 33% 47% 49% 51% 46% 58% 53% 50% 44 % 50% 50% 48% Normal (≤ 5 %) Prevalence of anaemia among women of reproductive age (15-49 years), 2016 Mild (5 < 20%) Severe (≥ 40 %) 51% 49% 37% Moderate (20 < 40 %)
Transcript of WOMEN SUFFERING FROM ANAEMIA – A MAJOR CHALLENGE … anemie... · 2019-05-27 · folic acid,...
n°32March 2016Maps & facts ClubSAHEL AND
WEST AFRICA
No 45, November 2016
www.oecd.org/swac/maps ClubSAHEL AND
WEST AFRICASecretariat
These maps are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. We encourage the use of our maps! Please include the Club’s copyright, inform or contact us for specific requests: [email protected]
Eight million pEoplE in northErn nigEria facing acutE food insEcurity
T he October 2016 analysis of the Cadre harmonisé1 expands its
coverage to include for the first time 16 out of 36 states, almost half of Nigeria. In these states, some eight million people are currently facing acute food insecurity (phases 3-5, October-December 2016). Due to the Boko Haram insurgency and massive population displacement, the three northeastern states, Adamawa, Borno and Yobe, have
1 West African tool to analyse and identify areas and amount of people at risk of food and nutrition insecurity.
reached extremely high levels of food insecurity (Maps & Facts no 44). While humanitarian access is improving, the situation remains particularly worrisome in the state of Borno, where nearly 60% of the population (3.3 million people) are still facing acute food insecurity (phases 3-5), including 55 000 people threatened by famine (phase 5). If no appro-priate measures are being taken, the current food and nutrition situation
is likely to get worse during the next lean season in June-August 2017. By then, the Cadre harmonisé projec-tions indicate that the number of severely food insecure people in the 16 analysed states could reach 8 to 10 million people. Analytical tools, data collection methods and training for local administrations need to be further developed in order to fine-tune and expand the analysis of the Cadre harmonisé to all parts of Nigeria.
Source: Cadre harmonisé, national analysis, October 2016. © Agrhymet/CILSS
FCT
Adamawa
BornoYobe
GombeBauchi
Taraba
Jigawa
Kano
Kaduna
KatsinaZamfara
Plateau
Niger
Kebbi
Sokoto
Oyo
Ogun
Lagos
OsunEkiti
Kwara
KogiBenue
Nassarawa
Cross River
Ebonyi
ImoAbia
OndoEdo
Delta
Bayelsa Rivers AkwaIbom
Anambra
Enugu
Lake Chad
FCT
Adamawa
BornoYobe
GombeBauchi
Taraba
Jigawa
Kano
Kaduna
Katsina
Zamfara
Plateau
Niger
Kebbi
Sokoto
Oyo
Ogun
Lagos
OsunEkiti
Kwara
KogiBenue
Nassarawa
Cross River
Ebonyi
ImoAbia
OndoEdo
Delta
Bayelsa Rivers AkwaIbom
Anambra
Enugu
Lake Chad
Phases of food insecurity
June-August 2017October-December 2016
Phase 1: Minimal Phase 2: Stressed Phase 3: Crisis Phase 4: Emergency Phase 5: Famine Not analysed
No. 78, March 2019
MAPS & FACTS
This map is without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. We encourage the use of our maps. Please include the SWAC copyright, inform or contact us for specifi c requests: [email protected]
www.oecd.org/swac/maps ClubSAHEL ANDWEST AFRICA
Secretariat
ClubSAHEL ANDWEST AFRICA
Secretariat
WOMEN SUFFERING FROM ANAEMIA – A MAJOR CHALLENGE
Anaemia is reaching extremely high levels in the Sahel and West Africa. Fourteen
countries in the region have a prevalence of over 40% (severe) among women of reproductive age. Twelve West African countries feature among the twenty countries with the highest prevalence in the world. Globally, the prevalence of anaemia reduced between 1995 and 2011, from 33% to 29% among non-pregnant women and from 43% to 38% among pregnant women. According to the 2017 Global Nutrition Report, however, anaemia is increasing among women of reproductive age since 2012 and no country is on track to meet the set target. Pregnant adolescent girls are particularly vulnerable as they have dual iron requirements, for their own growth as well as for the growth of the foetus. Anaemia is an indicator of both poor nutrition and poor health. Iron deficiency
is one of the main causes, others include folic acid, vitamins B12 and A deficiencies, as well as infections. Maternal anaemia is associated with mortality and morbidity in the mother and baby, including miscarriages, stillbirths, prematurity and low birth weight. In addition to a� ecting the health and quality of life of mothers, anaemia threatens future generations and has a negative e� ect on their development, ability to learn and economic productivity. The economic cost of cognitive deficiency and reduced productivity due to iron deficiency anaemia represents an average of 4% of GDP among low-income countries. The WHO has established guidelines for the prevention, monitoring and treatment of anaemia as well as an online monitoring tool in order to help countries set national targets and monitor progress.
GLOBAL TARGET 2 : ANAEMIA
This target implies a relative reduction of 50% of the number of non-pregnant women of reproductive age (15–49 years) affected by anaemia by the year 2025, compared to a baseline set in the period 1993–2005 and used as a reference starting point. This would translate into a 5.3% relative reduction per year between 2012 and 2025 and implies reducing the number of anaemic non-pregnant women to approximately 230 million.
www.who.int/nutrition/trackingtool/en
By 2025, a 50% reduction of anaemia in women of reproductive age.
Source: 2016. WHO, Global Health Observatory data repository
MaliNiger
NigeriaBenin
Togo
Ghana
Burkina Faso
Senegal
Gambia
Cabo Verde
Côte d’Ivoire
Guinea
Liberia
Sierra Leone
Guinea-Bissau
Chad
Mauritania
48%
35%
33%
47%
49%
51%
46%
58%
53%
50%
44 %
50%
50%
48%
Normal (≤ 5 %)
Prevalence of anaemia among women of reproductive age (15-49 years), 2016
Mild (5 < 20%) Severe (≥ 40 %)
51%49%
37%
Moderate (20 < 40 %)
n°32March 2016Maps & facts ClubSAHEL AND
WEST AFRICA
No 45, November 2016
www.oecd.org/swac/maps ClubSAHEL AND
WEST AFRICASecretariat
These maps are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. We encourage the use of our maps! Please include the Club’s copyright, inform or contact us for specific requests: [email protected]
Eight million pEoplE in northErn nigEria facing acutE food insEcurity
T he October 2016 analysis of the Cadre harmonisé1 expands its
coverage to include for the first time 16 out of 36 states, almost half of Nigeria. In these states, some eight million people are currently facing acute food insecurity (phases 3-5, October-December 2016). Due to the Boko Haram insurgency and massive population displacement, the three northeastern states, Adamawa, Borno and Yobe, have
1 West African tool to analyse and identify areas and amount of people at risk of food and nutrition insecurity.
reached extremely high levels of food insecurity (Maps & Facts no 44). While humanitarian access is improving, the situation remains particularly worrisome in the state of Borno, where nearly 60% of the population (3.3 million people) are still facing acute food insecurity (phases 3-5), including 55 000 people threatened by famine (phase 5). If no appro-priate measures are being taken, the current food and nutrition situation
is likely to get worse during the next lean season in June-August 2017. By then, the Cadre harmonisé projec-tions indicate that the number of severely food insecure people in the 16 analysed states could reach 8 to 10 million people. Analytical tools, data collection methods and training for local administrations need to be further developed in order to fine-tune and expand the analysis of the Cadre harmonisé to all parts of Nigeria.
Source: Cadre harmonisé, national analysis, October 2016. © Agrhymet/CILSS
FCT
Adamawa
BornoYobe
GombeBauchi
Taraba
Jigawa
Kano
Kaduna
KatsinaZamfara
Plateau
Niger
Kebbi
Sokoto
Oyo
Ogun
Lagos
OsunEkiti
Kwara
KogiBenue
Nassarawa
Cross River
Ebonyi
ImoAbia
OndoEdo
Delta
Bayelsa Rivers AkwaIbom
Anambra
Enugu
Lake Chad
FCT
Adamawa
BornoYobe
GombeBauchi
Taraba
Jigawa
Kano
Kaduna
Katsina
Zamfara
Plateau
Niger
Kebbi
Sokoto
Oyo
Ogun
Lagos
OsunEkiti
Kwara
KogiBenue
Nassarawa
Cross River
Ebonyi
ImoAbia
OndoEdo
Delta
Bayelsa Rivers AkwaIbom
Anambra
Enugu
Lake Chad
Phases of food insecurity
June-August 2017October-December 2016
Phase 1: Minimal Phase 2: Stressed Phase 3: Crisis Phase 4: Emergency Phase 5: Famine Not analysed
Cette carte est sans préjudice du statut de tout territoire, de la souveraineté s’exerçant sur ce dernier, du tracé des frontières et limites internationales, et du nom de tout territoire, ville ou région. Nous encourageons l’utilisation de nos cartes. Veuillez nous en informer et faire mention du copyright du CSAO. Pour des demandes spécifi ques, contacter : [email protected]
No 78, mars 2019
MAPS & FACTS
www.oecd.org/fr/csao/cartes
Club DU SAHEL ET DEL'AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST
Club DU SAHEL ET DEL'AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST
Secrétariat du
L’ANÉMIE CHEZ LES FEMMES – DÉFI INQUIÉTANT
L’anémie atteint des niveaux records au Sahel et en Afrique de l’Ouest. Quatorze
pays y ont une prévalence de l’anémie chez les femmes en âge de procréer supérieure à 40 % (niveau sévère). Douze pays ouest-africains figurent parmi les vingt pays avec les plus fortes prévalences dans le monde. À l’échelle mondiale, la prévalence de l’anémie a diminué, entre 1995 et 2011, de 33 % à 29 % chez les femmes non enceintes et de 43 % à 38 % chez les femmes enceintes. Cependant, selon le Rapport sur la nutrition mondiale 2017, l’anémie chez les femmes en âge de procréer augmente à nouveau depuis 2012 et aucun pays n’est en bonne voie d’atteindre la cible fixée. Les adolescentes enceintes sont particulièrement exposées à l’anémie en raison des besoins de fer liés à leur propre croissance en plus des besoins du fœtus. L’anémie est un indicateur d’une nutrition et d’un état de santé déficients. La carence en fer en est l’une des causes principales ; d’autres
carences nutritionnelles en acide folique, en vitamine B12 et en vitamine A peuvent aussi la provoquer ainsi que les infections. Problème de santé publique majeur, l’anémie maternelle entraîne la mortalité et la morbidité de la mère et du nouveau-né, les risques d’interruption de grossesse, de mortinatalité, de prématurité et d’insu� isance pondérale à la naissance. En plus d’a� ecter la santé et la qualité de vie des mères, ce fléau compromet l’avenir de générations d’enfants impactant leur développement, leur capacité d’apprentissage et leur productivité économique. Le coût économique cumulatif de la déficience cognitive et de la baisse de productivité du travail de l’anémie, due à une carence en fer, représente en moyenne 4 % du PIB aux pays à faible revenu. L’OMS a élaboré des lignes directrices pour la prévention, le contrôle et le traitement de l’anémie ainsi qu’un outil de suivi afin d’aider les pays à fixer des cibles nationales et suivre les progrès accomplis.
CIBLE MONDIALE 2 : ANÉMIE
Cette cible suppose de réduire, d’ici 2025, le nombre de cas d’anémie parmi les femmes non enceintes en âge de procréer (15-49 ans) de 50 % en termes relatifs par rapport à une référence correspondant à la période 1993-2005. Cela représenterait une baisse annuelle de 5.3 % en termes relatifs entre 2012 et 2025 et supposerait de réduire à environ 230 millions le nombre de femmes non enceintes anémiques.
www.who.int/nutrition/trackingtool/en
D’ici 2025, réduire de 50 % l’anémie chez les femmes en âge de procréer
Source : 2016. OMS, Global Health Observatory data repository
MaliNiger
NigériaBénin
Togo
Ghana
Burkina Faso
Sénégal
Gambie
Cabo Verde
Côte d’Ivoire
Guinée
Libéria
Sierra Leone
Guinée-Bissau
Tchad
Mauritanie
48 %
35 %
33 %
47 %
49 %
51 %
46 %
58 %
53 %
50 %
44 %
50 %
50 %
48 %
Normale (≤ 5 %)
Prévalence d’anémie chez les femmes en âge de procréer (15-49 ans), 2016
Légère (5 < 20 %) Sévère (≥ 40 %)
51 %49 %
37 %
Modérée (20 < 40 %)
