Women Scientists Associations in France

Colette GuillopéUniversité Paris-Est Créteil

EPWS ConferenceAlone is not enough

Bruxelles, September 25, 2019

Women Scientists Associations

Women Scientists in France

Associate Professors Full Professors

All disciplines

44,5% (+1pt) 27% (+2pt)

Arts 58% (+1pt) 40% (+2pt)

Law 50% 30% (+1pt)

Science 34% (+1pt) 18%

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Source : MENESR, DGRH, Mars 2015

% Women Full Professors

French Universities Data

44.5 % 27.1 %

Full ProfessorsAssociate Professors

Year 2018(48 264 persons)

Source : Ministère de l’Enseignement National, de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche - DGRH A1-1 / RHSUPINFO

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Percentage of women among university full professors (PR) and associate professors (MCF) in Health (Santé) and Science in France

(1980-2016)

Women Scientists in France:Promotion hope?

French Univ March 2018 % W Full Pr. % W Ass. Pr.Male

advantage

Social Science 33,8% 53,3% 1,73

Mathematics / Computer Science 15,3% 26,6% 1,65

Biology / Biochemistry 30,7% 54,3% 2,06

CNRS institutes 2017 % W DR % W CRMale

advantage

Biology 35,2% 49,8% 1,4

Chemistry 29,5% 37,1% 1,2

Physics 20,0% 22,8% 1,1

Computer science 21,0% 23,3% 1,1

Mathematics 18,9% 16,6% 0,9

EU Gender Equality Policies: Influence or Impact?

1976: European directive against discrimination towards women1983, 2001: Laws for professional equality between women and

men2001: Mission for Parity in Science and Technology at the Ministry

of Research2001: Mission for the Place of Women at CNRS2002-2005: First missions for gender equality in universities

EU Gender Equality Policies: Influence or Impact?

European Convention on Human Rights (art. 14): forbids any discrimination because of gender

2008: French Labor Code (art. L1132-1) forbids any form of discrimination because of genderFrench Labor Code (art. L3221-2), « same salary for men and women for a work of equal value »

2014: Law for true equality between men and women2019: Muriel Pénicaud, Labor Minister, institutes a gender equality

index (with penalties)

EU Gender Equality Policies: Influence or Impact?

2011: Copé-Zimmerman Law, which institutes 40% at least of each sex in the governing board of companies (private sector)

2013: Law for Higher Education and Research- Equal opportunities officers in universities- Balanced women/men among candidates for all university councils- Balanced women/men representation in recruitment committees

HRS4R label: Human Resource Strategy for Research

ERC policies: application (5 for starting grants or 10 publications for consolidate grants), maternity (18 months/child)

French Associations - Before 2000

1982: Femmes Ingénieurs – to support womenengineers and encourage young women to studyengineering

1987: femmes et mathématiques – to support women in mathematics

1993: WiN France (1992: Women in Nuclear) – to informthe public, especially women, in nuclear jobs and applications of nuclear industry

French Associations - After 20002000: Femmes & Sciences (F&S) – encouraged by EC, to

improve the position of women in science and technology, bothin the public and the private sectors

2000: Mnémosyne – initiated by the CLIO journal (History, Womenand Societies), acts for the promotion of women’s role in history

2002: Parité Science (APMST) – acts in Grenoble’s region, verysimilarily to F&S at the French level

2003: ECEPIE – funded by European grants, acts as an expert for EC in gender equality in Science, Technology and Engineering

French Associations - After 2000

2011: CPED – the equality missions have started in universities in France thanks to the European Social Fund to exchange good practices towards gender equality in higher education and research

2013: REFH – to alert the French society against all discriminations and gender violences

2015: AFDESRI – to promote the role of women in the governingbodies of higher education and research

The future: which kind of support from EU and EPWS?

Installation and true role of missions for gender equality in each research institution and university

Grants for financing actions towards gender equality in institutions, for research, for teaching gender to non-specialists

Grants and measures for supporting the recrutment and the career of women (e.g. professional career-training for women)

The future: which kind of support from EU and EPWS?

After a maternity leave: possibility to take a semester off teaching for research

Paternity leave: needs to be enforced and has to be longer (11 days in France)

Policies and services for truly fight against gender-based violence in universities and research institutions

Support networks of institutions and universities (e.g. Interreg UE program, European universities)

Many Thanks toAline Aubertin, Femmes Ingénieurs

Myriam Boussahba-Bravard & Julie Verlaine, Mnémosyne

Anne Boyé & Laurence Broze, femmes et mathématiquesClaire Dupas, AFDESRI

Jacqueline Etay, Parité Science

Nicole Fouché & Huguette Klein, REFH

Claudine Hermann, Femmes & Sciences

Isabelle Kraus, CPED

Dominique Mouillot, WiN France

Yvonne Pourrat, ECEPIE