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10.22.14 MANUEL PASTOR

WOMEN, INEQUALITY & THE FUTURE OF CALIFORNIA

@Prof_MPastor

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67%57%

47%40% 37% 34% 32%

8%

7%

6%

6%6%

5%5%

19%

26%

32%38%

41% 43% 45%

5% 9%11% 13% 14% 14% 14%

3% 3% 3% 3% 3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040

Changing DemographicsCalifornia, 1980‐2040

Other

Native American

Asian/PacificIslander

Latino

Black

White

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3

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Latina Women,  $9 

White Men,  $40 

$5

$10

$15

$20

$25

$30

$35

$40

Less than aHS Diploma

HS Diploma,no College

More than HS Diploma butless than BA Degree

BA Degreeor higher

Median Hourly Wage by Education LevelCalifornia, 2006-2010

White Women

Black Women

Latina Women

Asian/Pacific Islander Women

White Men

Black Men

Latino Men

Asian/Pacific Islander Men

Full‐time Wage & Salary Workers Only (Ages 25‐64)

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Poverty Statistics – Female-headed HouseholdsCalifornia, 2006-2010

Total Percent below poverty level

Total Percent below poverty level

Total Percent below poverty level

8,495,322 10.2% 6,166,334 6.1% 1,615,112 24.6%4,629,191 15.1% 3,169,964 8.7% 1,058,722 32.8%

8,301,406 10.2% 6,037,918 6.1% 1,566,914 24.6%5,447,834 8.2% 4,141,406 5.0% 899,165 21.9%

503,157 16.7% 229,409 5.4% 218,457 28.4%66,475 16.7% 41,170 9.6% 17,534 32.2%

1,122,706 7.8% 885,041 5.9% 158,382 17.0%30,307 10.2% 21,180 6.7% 6,037 20.5%

1,130,927 18.7% 719,712 12.9% 267,339 34.8%193,916 10.9% 128,416 5.6% 48,198 23.8%

2,714,013 17.8% 1,770,229 12.4% 629,741 33.5%3,967,947 4.9% 3,155,984 2.7% 564,229 15.4%

6,433,849 7.5% 4,683,715 4.5% 1,157,167 18.1%4,363,296 3.7% 3,247,226 2.7% 702,875 7.5%

1,529,745 24.5% 989,949 18.2% 363,537 42.7%1,634,668 13.0% 1,084,010 7.7% 372,323 27.6%2,625,401 7.8% 1,835,196 3.7% 574,311 20.0%2,705,508 2.8% 2,257,179 2.0% 304,941 8.1%

3,866,131 4.4% 2,996,370 3.3% 556,390 9.0%3,589,930 11.8% 2,430,181 6.1% 834,838 27.1%

942,181 24.7% 675,348 16.0% 198,676 52.2%97,080 42.4% 64,435 31.7% 25,208 68.4%

CaliforniaAll families Married-couple families Female householder, no husband

RACE AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN Families with a householder who is--

Famil iesWith related children under 18 years

American Indian and Alaska Native Asian Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander

One race White Black or African American

Hispanic or Latino origin (of any race)White alone, not Hispanic or Latino

Some other race Two or more races

Less than high school graduate High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, associate's degree

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF HOUSEHOLDER

Householder workedHouseholder worked full-time, year-round

5 or more children

No child 1 or 2 children 3 or 4 children

Bachelor's degree or higher

NUMBER OF RELATED CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS

Poverty Statistics – Female-headed HouseholdsCalifornia, 2006-2010

• Percentage of children below poverty line:

• Share of children in poverty living in FHH:

• Share of children living in FHH:

• Share of children living in MC below poverty line:

• Share of children living in FHH below poverty line:

• MC = married-couple household; FHH = female-headed household• Note: Rates have only increased post- Great Recession

19%

47%

22%

11%

40%

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Notes: Areas in white are missing data.

61%

51%

43% 43% 42%40% 39%

36% 36% 34% 34% 33%

29% 28%26% 25%

23% 22%20% 20% 20%

15%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Apparel M

anufacturing

Leather and Allied Product M

anufacturing

Non m

anufacturing

Printing and Related Support Activities

Textile Product M

ills

Miscellaneo

us Manufacturing

Food M

anufacturing

Textile M

ills

Chemical M

anufacturing

Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing

Computer and Electronic Product M

anufacturing

Electrical Equipmen

t, Appliance, and Component

Manufacturing

Furniture and Related Product M

anufacturing

Beverage

 and Tobacco Product M

anufacturing

Paper M

anufacturing

Transportation Equipmen

t Manufacturing

Nonmetallic Mineral Product M

anufacturing

Machinery M

anufacturing

Wood Product M

anufacturing

Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing

Fabricated M

etal Product M

anufacturing

Primary Metal M

anufacturing

Percent Women in Manufacturing (3‐Digit NAICS Level)

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Employment and Median Earnings of Women, by Industry, 2008‐2012

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Percent Women in Manufacturing and Non‐Manufacturing, 2012

• Address gender bias in male-centric industries (such as manufacturing)

• Promote workplace flexibility, workplace sponsorship, and personal development

• Encourage greater inclusion of women within STEM programs and careers – diversify higher education achievement

Reducing the Gender Wage Gap

* http://www.nwlc.org/resource/fair‐pay‐women‐requires‐increasing‐minimum‐wage‐and‐tipped‐minimum‐wage

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• Raise the minimum wage- a disproportionate share of women work minimum wage jobs*

• Facilitate unionization: pathway to reducing the wage gap

• Support single mothers completing community college

• Protect immigrant rights, including administrative relief

Reducing the Gender Wage Gap

* http://www.nwlc.org/resource/fair‐pay‐women‐requires‐increasing‐minimum‐wage‐and‐tipped‐minimum‐wage