Women in Academic Surgery: The Pipeline is Busted
-
Upload
deanna-mcbride -
Category
Documents
-
view
43 -
download
2
description
Transcript of Women in Academic Surgery: The Pipeline is Busted
VANDERBILT SURGERY
Women in Academic Surgery: The Pipeline
is Busted
Sexton, KW; Hocking, K; Wise, E; Osgood, MJ; Cheung-Flynn, J; Komalavilas,
P;Campbell, K; Dattilo, JB; Brophy, CM
VANDERBILT SURGERY
DISCLAIMERS
No Financial Disclosures, unfortunately Some opinion, mostly data I am not a woman
VANDERBILT SURGERY
RA
TE
OF
CH
AN
GE
TIMESingularity
Stonetablets
Printingpress
Internet
Watson&Crick
Humangenome
Mendel
We are living in the most dynamic epoch of human history.
The rate of change is getting faster
VANDERBILT SURGERY
Diversity
Ecosystem stability depends on the ability of a community to contain functional groups with different responses to stressors.
McCann KS. The diversity-stability debate. Nature. May 11 2000;405(6783):228-233
VANDERBILT SURGERY
Elizabeth Blackwell
1821-1910 Bristol, England Geneva Medical
College 1/23/1849
wikipedia.org
Roth N. The personalities of two pioneer medical women: Elizabeth Blackwell and Elizabeth Garrett Anderson. Bull N Y Acad Med. Jan 1971;47(1):67-79.
VANDERBILT SURGERY
N Engl J Med. Feb 10 2000;342(6):399-405.
VANDERBILT SURGERY
The Pipeline
Women in U.S. Academic Medicine: Statistics and Benchmarking Report 1983-2010
Slopes are 0.75 and 0.99 Slope is 0.36
VANDERBILT SURGERY
The Pipeline
The year 50% of surgery residents will be women (R2=0.98)
The year 50% of professors of surgery will be women (R2=0.98)
2028
2096
VANDERBILT SURGERY
Women in U.S. Academic Medicine: Statistics and Benchmarking Report 1995-2009
VANDERBILT SURGERY
30 years of “progress”
1979-2009: Women in Academic Medicine
The trend for advancement of women in Academic Surgery is unchanged over the last 30 years.“ On one hand, the numbers of women faculty,
department chairs and deans have never been higher. However, this growth has not substantially reduced gender differences in advancement or sufficiently strengthened the pool of women candidates for administrative positions. Thus, the progress achieved over the last 25 years is incomplete and inadequate.”
Bickel J, Wara D, Atkinson BF, et al. Increasing women's leadership in academic medicine: report of the AAMC Project Implementation Committee. Acad Med. Oct 2002;77(10):1043-1061.
VANDERBILT SURGERY
Slope: 42.79 ± 7.930; R2= 0.70
Slope: 11.89 ± 0.9719; R2= 0.93
2 Way ANOVA: Gender p<.0001, Year p = .0782
VANDERBILT SURGERY
Conclusion
Women are not advancing to the senior ranks of Academic Surgery, despite
increasing numbers of women entering the field.
VANDERBILT SURGERY
Vanderbilt Dept of Surgery
VANDERBILT SURGERY
λ = 0.625; p = 0.0132% response rate
VANDERBILT SURGERY
Academic Medicine Hierarchy
VANDERBILT SURGERY
Employee Behavior
Determined by structure of an organization and not intrinsic character
Kanter RM. Men and Women of the Corporation. New York: Basic Books Inc.; 1977.
Perceived access to information, support, opportunity, and resources are related to position in organization.
Goddard MB, Laschinger HK. Nurse managers' perceptions of power and opportunity. Can J Nurs Adm. May-Jun 1997;10(2):40-66.
Wilson B, Laschinger HK. Staff nurse perception of job empowerment and organizational commitment. A test of Kanter's theory of structural power in organizations. J Nurs Adm. Apr 1994;24(4 Suppl):39-47.
VANDERBILT SURGERY
Relevance Job Strain Work Satisfaction Organizational Loyalty Trust in Management
Wilson B, Laschinger HK. Staff nurse perception of job empowerment and organizational commitment. A test of Kanter's theory of structural power in organizations. J Nurs Adm. Apr 1994;24(4 Suppl):39-47.
Kluska KM, Laschinger HK, Kerr MS. Staff nurse empowerment and effort-reward imbalance. Nurs Leadersh (Tor Ont). Mar 2004;17(1):112-128.
Laschinger HKF, J; Shamian, J. Promoting Nurses' Health: Effect of Empowerment on Job Strain and Work Satisfaction. Nursing Economics. 2001;19(2):42-58.
Laschinger HKF, J; Shamian, J. The Impact of Wokplace Empowerment, Organizational Trust on Staff Nurses' Work Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment. Health Care Management Review. 2001;26(3):7-23. Laschinger HKF, J;
Shamian, J.; Wilk, P. Workplace Empowerment as a Predictor of Nurse Burnout in Restructured Healthcare Settings. Longwoods Review. 2003;1(3):2-11.
VANDERBILT SURGERY
Solution
Average CEO Tenure < 7 years
Average Department Chair Tenure 9.6 + 7.8 years
37.5% in position > 10 years
What if there were term limits?
Kaplan SNM, B. How Has CEO Turnover Changed? Increasingly Performance Sensitive Boards and Increasingly Uneasy CEOs: National Bureau of Economic Research; August, 2006.
Kurichi JE, Sonnad SS. Authorship patterns of surgical chairs. Surgery. Feb 2007;141(2):267-271.
VANDERBILT SURGERY
“We are using imperfect data to perfect perfect-imperfection.”
-Mitchell Goldman
Resident Work Hours and Improved SafetyTight Glycemic ControlPeri-operative Beta Blockade
VANDERBILT SURGERY
Behavior can change.
VANDERBILT SURGERY
A Conversation with a Future Professor of
Surgery