Women Governance and Women Empowerment

8/4/2019 Women Governance and Women Empowerment

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Meaning

Women empowerment means

to have the rights to take decision and control

over socioeconomic and political condition.


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Introduction

Women constitute all most 50% population in

the world but they are not treated is equal to

men.

Problem to remove existing gender

discrimination


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Perception of society

MALE FEMALE

- Candidates 5249 67,7% 2507 32,3%

- Elected 489 88,91% 61 11,09

%

PARLIAMENT : 550 SEATS

A slight improvement from 43 (9%) in the 1999 election to 61 (11.09%) in

the 2004 election.

Electoral system used in 1999 is proportional with closed-list system. In the

2004 election, the proportion is half-opened. Meaning that the internal

mechanism in the political party still have the strong hold of the political

party list in the recruitment system.


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Role of women in development

process

The principal of gender equality was recognized in theUnited Nations Charter in 1945 and the UN Declarationof Human Rights in 1948, the majority of developmentplanners did not fully address the role of women in

development process.

The Economic Survey (1999-2000) used an entiresection on gender inequality. It began with a reminderof the commitment made in the ninth plan document

of allocating 30 per cent of resources for womensdevelopment schemes through Womens ComponentPlans.


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The steady change in their position can be highlightedby looking at what has been achieved by women in thecountry:

1879:JohnElliotDrinkwaterBethune established the BethuneSchool in 1849, which developed into the Bethune College in 1879,thus becoming the first women's college in India.

1886: KadambiniGanguly and AnandiGopalJoshi became the firstwomen from India to be trained in Westernmedicine

1916: The first women's university, SNDT Women'sUniversity was

founded on June 2, 1916 by the social reformerDhondo KeshavKarve with just five students.

1917: Annie Besant became the first female president of the IndianNational Congress.

1919: For her distinguished social service, Pandita Ramabai becamethe first Indian woman to be awarded the Kaiser-i-Hind by theBritish Raj.

1925: Sarojini Naidu became the first Indian born female presidentof the Indian National Congress

1947: On August 15, 1947, following independence, Sarojini Naidubecame the governor of the United Provinces, and in the process

became India's first woman governor.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1916http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_reformerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_reformerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhondo_Keshav_Karvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhondo_Keshav_Karvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhondo_Keshav_Karvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhondo_Keshav_Karvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1916http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_reformerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhondo_Keshav_Karvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhondo_Keshav_Karvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Besanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandita_Ramabaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiser-i-Hindhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rajhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarojini_Naiduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Provinces_of_Agra_and_Oudhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarojini_Naiduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Provinces_of_Agra_and_Oudhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Provinces_of_Agra_and_Oudhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarojini_Naiduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarojini_Naiduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarojini_Naiduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarojini_Naiduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarojini_Naiduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarojini_Naiduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rajhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiser-i-Hindhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiser-i-Hindhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiser-i-Hindhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiser-i-Hindhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiser-i-Hindhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandita_Ramabaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandita_Ramabaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandita_Ramabaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Besanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhondo_Keshav_Karvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhondo_Keshav_Karvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhondo_Keshav_Karvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhondo_Keshav_Karvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhondo_Keshav_Karvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_reformerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1916http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_2


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1951: Prem Mathur becomes the first Indian women commercial pilot of

the Deccan Airways

1953: Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit became the first woman (and first Indian)

president of the United Nations General Assembly

1963:Sucheta Kriplani became the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, the

first woman to hold that position in any Indian state.

1966: Captain Durga Banerjee becomes the first Indian woman pilot of the

state airline, Indian Airlines.

1966: Indira Gandhi becomes the first woman Prime Minister of India

1972: Kiran Bedi becomes the first female recruit to join the Indian Police

service.

1979: Mother Teresa wins the Nobel Peace Prize, becoming the first Indian

female citizen to do so.

1984: On May 23, Bachendri Pal became the first Indian woman to climbMount Everest.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deccan_Airways&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijaya_Lakshmi_Pandithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assemblyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucheta_Kriplanihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Uttar_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Airlineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indira_Gandhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiran_Bedihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Police_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Police_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_Teresahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prizehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachendri_Palhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachendri_Palhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachendri_Palhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachendri_Palhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prizehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_Teresahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Police_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Police_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Police_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiran_Bedihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiran_Bedihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiran_Bedihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indira_Gandhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indira_Gandhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indira_Gandhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Airlineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Uttar_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucheta_Kriplanihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucheta_Kriplanihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assemblyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijaya_Lakshmi_Pandithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijaya_Lakshmi_Pandithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijaya_Lakshmi_Pandithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijaya_Lakshmi_Pandithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijaya_Lakshmi_Pandithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deccan_Airways&action=edit&redlink=1


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1997: Kalpana Chawla becomes the first India-born woman to go into

space.

1992: Priya Jhingan becomes the first lady cadet to join the Indian Army

(later commissioned on March 6, 1993)

2002: Lakshmi Sahgal became the first Indian woman to run for the post of

President of India.

2004: Punita Arora became the first woman in the Indian Army to don the

highest rank of Lieutenant General.

2007: Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak became the first Indian woman to beappointed as University Professor at an Ivy League university (Columbia

University).

2007: Pratibha Patil becomes the first woman President of India.

2008: Renu Khator became the first India born woman to lead a major

American university, the University of Houston. 2009: Meira Kumar became the first woman Speaker of Lok Sabah, the

lower house in Indian Parliament
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalpana_Chawlahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Armyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakshmi_Sahgalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punita_Arorahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Armyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_Professor_(Columbia)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivy_Leaguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratibha_Patilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renu_Khatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Houstonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meira_Kumarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meira_Kumarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meira_Kumarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meira_Kumarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Houstonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renu_Khatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renu_Khatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renu_Khatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratibha_Patilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratibha_Patilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratibha_Patilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivy_Leaguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_Professor_(Columbia)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Armyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punita_Arorahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punita_Arorahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punita_Arorahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakshmi_Sahgalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakshmi_Sahgalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakshmi_Sahgalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Armyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalpana_Chawlahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalpana_Chawlahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalpana_Chawla


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Role and Empowerment

According the role empowerment exist.

What should be expected from women in a

particular situation.

E.g.

(1) A role of teacher to give knowledge of the

student.

(2) A role of receptionist to guide the

customer.


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Womens Empowerment in

Contemporary India

What is contemporary of Indian society.

Contemporary India includes social transformation,

agricultural modernization and economic

development,


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Womens work participation

As per to 1981 figures 19.7 per cent Indian

women were recorded as paid workers.

from which 87% women ware worked in

unrecognized economy sector.

the increase of women participation during

1991 to 2001 was 22.3 and 25.7% respectively.


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Womens Self-perception

They are not given importance to there job.

Not concerned about better prospect.

Rarely attempt the higher education.


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Case Study on:-


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Women Empowerment

In a life,

As a women,

As on a profession

As a leader


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Employers Attitude

Women prefers only table work

Women dont have stamina for mobility

Women can not do much physical work


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Working Condition

Women generally consumes more time

Women are often paid less with compare to

men Fear exist of sexual harassment


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Traditional role expectation

The job of women are not only to do primary

role of mother and wife but it concern

physical safety and respectability of the

occupation

NGOs and SHGs are working for their

development

Education and training change the life of poor

women


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Women Entrepreneurs

Meaning

Functions of women entrepreneurs

- Exploration of the prospect of starting a

new business enterprise- Undertaking risk

- Coordination and control

- Supervision and leadership


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Growth of women entrepreneurship

The Indian women face disadvantages

position in society according to following data

Low literacy 40%

Low participation 25%

Self employed 5.2%

Concept of 3ps and 3es


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Problem of Women Entrepreneur

Problem of finance

Family ties

Lack of education

Low risk bearing ability

Competition


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Examples

Ekta Kapoor

Shahnaz Hussain


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Kiran Mazumdar - Shaw

CEO. Biocon

Our ability to continuously

scale new heights across the

biopharmaceutical valuechain enables us to realize

the promise of future

therapeutics


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Born in 1953 in Bangalore

After doing completing her B.Sc. in Zoology

from Bangalore University in 1973, she went

to Ballarat University in Melbourne, Australia

and qualified as a master brewer.

In 1978, she joined as Trainee Manager with

Biocon Biochemical's Limited in Ireland.


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In the same year, Kiran Mazumdar Shawfounded Biocon India in collaboration withBiocon Biochemical Limited, with a capital of

Rs.10,000. Under Kiran Mazumdar Shaw's stewardship

Biocon transformed from an industrialenzymes company to an integratedbiopharmaceutical company with strategicresearch initiatives


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Achievement

Chairman & Managing Director of Biocon Ltd;Felicitated with Padmashri (1989) and Padma

Bhushan (2005)

Some other prestigious award:-ETBusinesswoman of the Year, Best WomanEntrepreneur, Model Employer, Ernst &Young's Entrepreneur of the Year Award for

Life Sciences & Healthcare, Leading Exporter,


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Chanda Kochhar

CEO, ICICI Bank

Born in 1961

She joined ICICI as a

Management Trainee in 1984 She was promoted to Assistant

General Manager in 1994 and

then Deputy General Manager in 1996


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Achievement

Ranked 33th in the Fortunes List of MostPowerful Women in Business, 2007

Awarded Business Woman of the Year 2005

by The Economic Times Selected as Rising Star Award for Global

Awards 2006 by Retail Banker International

Selected as Retail Banker of the Year 2004

(Asia-Pacific region) by The Asian Banker fromamongst prominent retail bankers in the AsiaPacific region


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Naina Lal Kidwai

CEO, HSBC

Born in 1957

First women to head the

operation of a foreign bank in

India First Indian women to graduate

from Harvard Business School

Fortune magazine listed Kidwani

among the worlds top 50 Corporate

women from 2005 to 2008


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Vinita Bali

CMD, Britannia

Started her career with

Voltas group (TATA GROUP)

She also served CadburyIndia, UK, Nigeria, and

South Africa

She Joined Britannia in2007


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Vandana Luthra

Founder, VLCC

Started in 1989 by her

VLCC has evolved into a

company offering a variety of

health care & Beauty products

She plans to expand her

business 300 centers in India

and also in 5 middle east countries with 28

centers


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Conclusion


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Bibliography

Ref.

I DARE by Kiran Bedi

Entrepreneurial Development

By S.S. Khanna

www.womenempower.co.in

www.biocon.com

www.icici.com


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Women Governance and Women Empowerment

Documents

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