STAKEHOLDERS EMPOWERMENT SERVICES RAJ ... EMPOWERMENT SERVICES RAJ RAYON INDUSTRIES LTD. =
Women empowerment in industries by Shunmuga Priya
-
Upload
not-yet-working-im-still-studying -
Category
Recruiting & HR
-
view
138 -
download
4
description
Transcript of Women empowerment in industries by Shunmuga Priya
M.Shunmuga PriyaMBA
Glass Seal Syndrome
Definition and components• Increasing authority and responsibility
• choices - actions and outcomes
• Increasing spiritual, political, social, educational, gender, or economic strength .
• sense of self-worth;
• right to determine choices;
• access to opportunities and resources;
• power to control their own lives.
History of status of women in India
• Maitreyi, Gargi • Philosophers &
women seers
•Freedom to choose partners for marriage•Daughters were not considered as liability or unwelcomed guest in the family•Widow marriages were permissible
•Women had Subjugated status• But gave the message that respectable wife is one who humbles herself vis-à-vis her husband
• Did not deserve the freedom at any point of time in her life
• Not marrying a girl before the age of 14 years was a sin
Stat
us
of w
omen
Vedic period(1500-1000 BC)
Period of epics(1000-500 BC)
Age of Manushastra(500 – 200 BC)
History of status of women in India
Statu
s of wom
en
•Purdah system was in place•Polygamy, strict laws for women were prevalent
Women lived life of total subjugation & virtually lost all hopes of emancipation
Increase in child marriages, sati, dowry, social out casting of widows
Social reform movements by Vidyasagar,
Ranade, Jyotiba Phule, Raja Ram
mohan Roy
Medieval period(5th to 11th century)
11th to 19th century
19th century
•Social status of women can be explained with the help of Maslow hierarchy theory of needs.
•There are five stages.
•Women now at the self esteem stage even though the other stages are not completely satisfied.
•In 2012, women occupied only eight out of 74 ministerial positions in the Union council of ministers. There were only two women judges out of 26 judges in the Supreme Court, and there were only 54 women judges out of 634 judges in various high courts.
PRESENT SITUATION OF WOMEN
Educational status of women
Census data 2001,2011, RGI, GOI
Literacy rate
Department of education, Ministry of Human Resource & Development
13/04/20236
Gender Disparity in Media Exposure
Not only are fewer women than men literate but fewer are also regularly exposed to media
• Percentage of men and women age 15-19 regularly
exposed to print media, TV, radio, or cinema
• Men 88%
• Women 71%
• Gender Disparity 19%
Employment: Another Area of Gender Disparity
• Among the population age 15-49
• Men are 2 times as likely to be employed
• Men are 2.7 times as likely to be employed for cash
• Among the employed, 64% of women vs. 91% of men earn cash
• Female share of population employed for cash in non-agricultural occupations is 22%
Percent
NFHS 3,India 2005-2006
Economic independence of women
Work participation of women–
25.63%
Urban: rural ratio of work
participation of women- 11.88: 30.79
Women working in unorganized
sectors – 80%
Women economically active at 15
years (2009) – 33%
13/04/2023
9
Do married women have access to any other financial resources?
68
45
15
5
Participate in decision on howhusband's earnings are used
Have money which they candecide how to use
Have a bank or savings accountthat they themselve use
Have taken loan frommicrocredit program
Percentage of women who:
Women at decision making level
• Participation of women in
elections increased over the
years
• Proportion of women turnout
for voting – 58.2%
Source: Election Commission of India
13/04/202311
58.2
48.0
Women at decision making level
• Proportion of women in
national parliament dipped till
year 2007
• “Women Reservation Bill” is
still pending in the parliament
13/04/2023
12
Pro
port
ion
of w
omen
in n
atio
nal p
arli
amen
t
WHY NEED OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT?
• The main problems that were faced by women in past days(and still today up to some extent):
• Gender discrimination
• Woman education
• Female infanticide
• Dowry
• Marriage in same caste and child marriage(still existing)
• Atrocities on Women: Raped, kicked, killed, subdued & humiliated almost daily.
NEED FOR WOMEN EMPOWERMNENT:
WOMEN ARE DEPRIVED OF:
• Decision Making Power
• Freedom of Movement
• Access to Education
• Access to Employment
• Exposure to Media
• Domestic Violence
WAYS TO EMPOWER WOMEN:
• Changes in women's mobility and social interaction;
• Changes in women's labor patterns;
• Changes in women's access to and control over resources; and
• Changes in women's control over decision-making.
WAYS TO EMPOWER WOMEN:
• Providing education
• Self employment and Self help groups
• Providing minimum needs like nutrition, health, sanitation, housing
• Other than this, society should change the mentality towards the word “women”.
• Encouraging women to develop in their fields they are good at and make a career.
Women Empowerment Programmes • Swayamsidha
• Swa-Shakti Project
• Support to Training and employment programme for Women (STEP)
• Creches/ Day care Centers for the Children of working and Ailing Mothers
• Hostels for working women
• Swadhar
• Rashtriya Mahila kosh (RMK)
Swayamsidha: ( Indira Mahila yojna)
• It is an integrated project for the development and empowerment of women through Self Help Groups (SHGs) with emphasis on covering service, developing access to micro-enterprises.
• About 10 lakh women have taken membership.
• 2014 Theme: Inspiring Change
• Each year around the world, International Women's Day (IWD)
is celebrated on March 8.
• Thousands of events occur not just on this day but throughout
March to mark the economic, political and social achievements
of women.
CONCLUSION
• Women represent half the world’s population, and gender
inequality exists in every nation on the planet.
• Until women are given the same opportunities that men are,
entire societies will be destined to perform below their true
potentials .
• The greatest need of the hour is change of social attitude to
women.
Positive Stories…
The Lijjat Papad story
• Seven illiterate and poor women borrowed Rs 80 to start a papad
business in 1959
• Its turnover from Rs 6,196 in the first year went upto Rs 300 crore in
the next four decades
• 42,000 women on its revolutionary march
• Jaywantiben Popat, one of the women involved with this phenomenal
spirit, was honoured with Awards for her outstanding achievements
Mann Deshi Mahila Sahakari Bank
• Chetna’s foundation established in 1994 a co-operative bank that is completely operated by women and serves women customers.
• The bank was established with help of a group of illiterate women and has now grown into a $562,000 firm by the end of 2011.
• In collaboration with HSBC, Mann Deshi Bank established the Udyogini Business School in 2007.
SEWA (Self-Employed Women's Association)
• Started as a trade union, registered in 1972, founded by Ela
Bhat,
• Organisation of self-employed women workers who earn a
living through their own labour or small businesses.
• SEWA's membership, which is a nominal Rs. 5 a year, includes
women from a cross-section of society — from vegetable and
fruit hawkers to home-based weavers, potters and manual
labourers.
• Year Number of Members
• 1973 320
• 2002 17,50,000
Inspiring change