8/12/2019 Women Employment in India

1/6

8/12/2019 Women Employment in India

2/6

8/12/2019 Women Employment in India

3/6

(e.g.$ wheat grinding machine operator# usually go to men$ and it is een rare for women to be employedthe factories producing such e0uipment. ational ,ample ,urey data eemplify this trend. ,ince the 197&

total female self-employment and regular employment hae been decreasing as a proportion of toemployment in rural areas$ while casual labor has been increasing (,,?$ 1994#. ?ther data reinforce t

conclusion that employment options for female agricultural wor)ers hae declined$ and that many womsee) casual wor) in other sectors characteried by low wages and low productiity. ?ther agricultural wo

includes wor)ers inoled with liestoc)$ forestry$ fishing and hunting$ plantations$ orchards$ and relatactiities.

en if a woman is employed$ she may not hae control oer the money she earns$ though this money oft

plays an important role in the maintenance of the household. In Indian culture women are epected

deote irtually all of their time$ energy$ and earnings to their family. 8en$ on the other hand$ are epect

to spend time and at least some of their earnings on actiities outside the household. @esearch has shothat women contribute a higher share of their earnings to the family and are less li)ely to spend it themseles. @esearch has suggested that as the share of the family income contributed by woman increas

so does the li)elihood that she will manage this income. ;oweer$ the etent to which women retain contoer their own income aries from household to household and region to region. 8any women still soug

their husbands' permission when they wanted to purchase something for themseles. In northern Indwhere more stringent cultural restrictions are in place$ it is li)ely that few women control family finance

+onditions of wor)ing women in India hae improed considerably in the recent years. Ironically$ despite timproement in their status$ they still find themseles dependent on men. It is because of the fact that m

in patriarchal society has always wielded economic independence and power to ta)e decision. ,ince twor)ing woman earns an independent income in the same patriarchal set-up$ where the basic infrastructu

of society has hardly changed$ though her own role within the same structure is passing through

transitional phase$ it is but natural that she would remain ulnerable to eploitation een in her economicaindependent state. ,ociety perhaps yet needs to accord due recognition to women to ta)e the lead role awomen$ at the same time< need to be oriented igorously towards assuming this role in the society.

AA! I!IA :?!A/I?

An Organization Committed to the Over all Development of Rural India

http://www.azadindia.org/social-issues/Women-Employment.htmlSociologyGuide.com:ree ,ociology notes

or +ollege ,tudentsB

Women in India

Women's Contribution to the EconomyAlthough most women in India work and contribute to the economy in one form or another, much of their work is not documented or accountn official statistics. Women plow fields and harvest crops while working on farms, women weave and make handicrafts while working in houndustries, women sell food and gather wood while working in the informal sector. Additionally, women are traditionally responsible for the daousehold chores (e.g., cooking, fetching water, and looking after children). Since Indian culture hinders womens access to !obs in stores,actories and the public sector, the informal sector is particularly important for women. "here are estimates that over #$ percent of workingwre involved in the informal sector.

"he informal sector includes !obs such as domestic servant, small trader, artisan, or field laborer on a family farm. %ost of these !obs are unsnd low paying and do not provide benefits to the worker. %ore importantly, however, cultural practices vary from region to region. "hough it

road generali&ation, 'orth India tends to be more patriarchal and feudal than South India. Women in northern India have more restrictions n their behavior, thereby restricting their access to work. Southern India tends to be more egalitarian, women have relatively more freedomwomen have a more prominent presence in society. ultural restrictions however are changing, and women are freer to participate in the forconomy, though the shortage of !obs throughout the country contributes to low female employment. ut in the recent years, conditions of w

women in India have improved considerably. %ore and more women find themselves in positions of respect and prestige, more and moreworkplaces are now populated with women who work on e*ual terms as men. Working is no longer an ad!ustment, a mere necessity+ but a mo self worth and growth.

Women have now not only found their place in work places but are also party to governance. In recent years there have been eplicit movesncrease womens political participation. Women have been given representation in the -anchayati a! system as a sign of political empowe"here are many elected women representatives at the village council level. At the central and state levels too women are progressively makifference. "oday we have women hief %inisters in five large states of India. "he Womens reservation policy bill is slated to further strengtolitical participation.

ttp/00india.mapsofindia.com0india1forum0womens1in1india.html

http://www.azadindia.org/social-issues/Women-Employment.htmlhttp://www.sociologyguide.com/http://india.mapsofindia.com/india-forum/womens-in-india.htmlhttp://www.azadindia.org/social-issues/Women-Employment.htmlhttp://www.sociologyguide.com/http://india.mapsofindia.com/india-forum/womens-in-india.html

8/12/2019 Women Employment in India

4/6

8/12/2019 Women Employment in India

5/6

8/12/2019 Women Employment in India

6/6