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Professor Dr. Petra Köpf-Maier Berlin

Wolf-Heidegger’s

Atlas of Human Anatomy

6th, completely revised and enlarged edition

English nomenclature

A classic in its sixth edition – with greater clinical application

The 6th edition of Wolf-Heidegger’s Atlas of Human Ana-tomy has been further revised, expanded and updated by Professor Petra Köpf-Maier. A well-established classic, the atlas has been renowned for the high quality of its illustrations since its inception; the more recent editions, however, have also received praise for their didactic struc-ture and clinical approach. All illustrations are in color and are complemented in a highly instructive manner by a generous number of anatomical sections and selected radiological images (ultrasound, CT scans, MRIs). Placing these side by side serves to develop and train the skills needed to interpret these images correctly.

This edition includes the following new features:• New clinically relevant illustrations have been included and

are shown within their practical context, ranging from herniated discs and paralysis symptoms to the consequences of a stenosed portal vein.

• The chapter on head and neck anatomy, which is of specifi c interest to dental students, has been enlarged.

• The atlas consistently employs the current Terminologia Ana-tomica.

• Furthermore, the most important eponyms are introduced since they form an important part of daily clinical communication.

Wolf-Heidegger’s Atlas of Human Anatomy has been de-signed and crafted explicitly for students of human medicine and dentistry in their preclinical and clinical years, but will also appeal to clinical practitioners, who will appreciate the illustrations’ superb quality and beauty as well as their continuing relevance to daily practical decision-taking.

Atlas ofHuman Anatomy

Wolf-Heidegger’s

Petra Köpf-Maier, Berlin

Wolf-Heidegger’sAtlas of Human Anatomy6th, completely revised and enlarged edition

English nomenclature

Set (Volume 1 and 2)CHF 150.– / USD 136.50 ISBN 3–8055–7669–2

Volume 1Systemic Anatomy, Body Wall, Upper and Lower LimbsXII + 352 p., 643 fi g., 510 in color, hard cover, 2005CHF 90.– / USD 82.00 ISBN 3–8055–7667–6

Volume 2Head and Neck, Thorax, Abdomen, Pelvis, CNS, Eye, EarXIV + 492 p., 927 fi g., 736 in color, hard cover, 2005CHF 90.– / USD 82.00 ISBN 3–8055–7668–4

Prices subject to changeUSD price for USA only

‘This is an outstanding atlas of human anatomy which will accompany medical students for the duration of their studies, whatever their fi eld of interest or specialization. Clinicians in practice should consider adding this atlas to their personal library or, at a minimum, to the department’s collection.’Canadian Journal of Anesthesia

‘… an excellent atlas with a rich and updated iconography, which can be recommended to every medical student.’Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy

www.wolf-heidegger.com

Contents

Volume 1Systemic Anatomy, Body Wall, Upper and Lower Limbs

Preface to the 6th Edition W Preface to the 5th Edition W Information for Users

Systemic AnatomyParts, skeleton, regions and axes of the body W Body types W Motor system W Skin W Cardiovascular system W Lymphatic and organ systems W Surface projections of thoracic and abdominal viscera W Central and peripheral nervous system

Body WallVertebral column and vertebrae W Thorax and ribs W Joints and ligaments of the vertebral column and the sternum W Surface relief of the back W Muscles of the back W Vessels and nerves of the back and the back of the neck W Surface relief of the thorax and abdomen W Muscles of the ventral body wall and inguinal re-gion W Diaphragm W Breast and axilla W Vessels and nerves of the ventral body wall

Upper LimbBones of the shoulder girdle and upper limb W Joints of the shoulder girdle and upper limb W Surface relief of the upper limb W Muscles of the shoulder and arm W Muscles of the forearm W Muscles of the hand W Synovial sheaths of the hand W Brachial plexus and innervation of the upper limb W Blood vessels and nerves of the shoulder, the axilla and the arm W Sections and tomograms of the arm W Blood vessels and nerves of the forearm W Sections and tomograms of the forearm W Blood vessels and nerves of the hand W Sections and tomograms of the hand W Paralysis of nerves of the upper limb

Lower LimbBones of the pelvis and lower limb W Joints of the pelvis and lower limb W Surface relief of the lower limb W Muscles of the pelvis and thigh W Muscles of the leg W Muscles of the foot W Lumbosacral plexus and innervation of the lower limb W Veins and lymph vessels of the lower limb W Blood vessels and nerves of the thigh and gluteal region W Sections and tomograms of the thigh W Blood vessels and nerves of the leg W Sections and tomo- grams of the leg W Blood vessels and nerves of the foot W Paralysis of nerves of the lower limb

Indexes of Eponyms Alphabetical index of common used eponyms W Alphabetical index of anatomical terms with corresponding eponyms

Subject Index

Volume 2Head and Neck, Thorax, Abdomen, Pelvis, CNS, Eye, Ear

Preface to the 6th Edition W Preface to the 5th Edition W Information for Users

Head and NeckSkull W Bones of the skull W Temporomandibular joint and hyoid bone W Muscles of the scalp and face W Cervical fascia and spreading of infl ammation in the neck W Muscles of the neck W Oral cavity W Teeth and facial skeleton W Deciduous dentition W Salivary glands and tonsils W Tongue W Pharynx W External nose and nasal cavity W Sections and tomograms of the face W Larynx W Thyroid gland W Sections and tomograms of the neck W Blood vessels of the head and neck W Lymph vessels and lymph nodes of the head and neck W Cutaneous innervation of the head and neck W Nerves and blood vessels of the face W Nerves and blood vessels of the neck W Peripharyngeal space

Thoracic VisceraMediastinum and thymus W Esophagus W Trachea and bronchi W Lungs, bronchial tree and bronchopulmonary segments W Aortic arch and its branches W Pulmo-nary arteries and bronchial tree W Pericardial sac W Heart and large blood ves-sels W Sections and tomograms of the heart W Inner cavities and valves of the heart W Conducting system of the heart and myocardium W Projection of the heart and mitral stenosis W Arteries and veins of the heart W Thoracic organs W Sections and tomograms of the thoracic organs W Large blood vessels and lymph vessels in the mediastinum W Autonomic nervous system in the thorax and neck

Abdominal and Pelvic VisceraPeritoneal cavity W Surface projections of abdominal viscera W Stomach, small intestine, colon and rectum W Liver, segmentation of the liver, gall bladder and bile duct system W Pancreas and spleen W Viscera of the upper and lower abdo-men W Blood vessels and lymph nodes in the abdominal region W Large intestine and posterior abdominal wall W Kidneys, suprarenal glands, renal pelvis and ure-ter W Great blood vessels in the retroperitoneal space W Sections and tomo-grams of the abdominal viscera W Lumbosacral plexus W Great blood vessels in the lower retroperitoneal space and pelvis W Male and female pelvis with uro-genital organs and blood vessels W Blood vessels and nerves of the rectum W Connective tissue of the lesser pelvis W Autonomic nervous system in the re-troperitoneal space W Autonomic nervous system in the lesser pelvis W Sections and tomograms of the female and male pelvis

Pelvic Floor and External GenitaliaPelvic fl oor W External genitals of a female W Testis and epididymis W Spermatic cord and inguinal region of a male W External genitals of a male W Blood vessels and nerves of the perineal region

Central Nervous SystemSpinal cord, spinal meninges and blood vessels of the vertebral canal W Cranial meninges and blood vessels of the cranial meninges and the brain W Brain, brain stem and cerebellum W Brain W Cranial nerves W Ventricles of the brain and suba-rachnoidal space W Fornix, hippocampus and limbic system W Choroid plexuses W Thalamus, hypothalamus and mid brain W Nuclei of the forebrain and internal capsule W Cerebellorubral connections W Visual pathway W Sections and tomo-grams of the brain

Visual Organ and Orbital CavityEye, lacrimal apparatus and eyelids W Orbital cavity W Extra-ocular muscles W Eyeball W Contents and topography of the orbital cavity W Sections and tomo-grams of the orbital cavity

Vestibulocochlear OrganExternal ear and tympanic membrane W Middle ear with mastoid air cells, tym-panic cavity, facial nerve canal, auditory tube and auditory ossicles W Bony and membranous labyrinth with the inner ear W Sections and tomograms of the petrous part of the temporal bone

Indexes of EponymsAlphabetical index of commun used eponyms W Alphabetical index of anatomi-cal terms with corresponding eponyms

Subject Index

103 Right glenohumeral (= shoulder) joint Ventral aspect a Synovial bursae in the shoulder region (50%) b–e Dislocations of the shoulder. The percentile numbers indicate

the approximate frequency of occurrence. b Normal situation c Anterior dislocation of the head of humerus (subcoracoid luxation),

most frequent type d Inferior dislocation (axillary = subglenoid luxation) e Posterior dislocation (subacromial luxation)

aAcromioclavicular ligament

of acromioclavicular joint

Acromion of scapula

Coracoid process of scapula

Coraco-acromial ligament

Subacromial bursa

Tendon (transected)of coracobrachialis muscle

Tendon (transected)of short head

of biceps brachii muscle

Subdeltoid bursa

Subtendinous bursaof subscapularis muscle

Deltoid muscle

Subscapularis muscle(transected)

Intertubercular tendon sheath

Tendon of long headof biceps brachii muscle

Long headof biceps brachii muscle

Coracoclavicular ligament– Trapezoid ligament– Conoid ligament

�Bursa of coracoclavicularligament�

�Subcoracoid bursa�

Scapula

Clavicle

Superior transverse scapularligament

Glenohumeral joint– Articular capsule– �Axillary recess�

Subscapularis muscle

Medial border of scapula

Inferior angle of scapula

85% 10% 3%

b c d e

Upper Limb103

178 Paralysis of nerves of the upper limb (50%)

a, b Radial nerve palsy, radial aspect a Normal extension of the left hand b ‘Wrist drop’ due to an injury to the right radial nerve

in or above the elbow region c, d Median nerve palsy, palmar aspect c Normal closure of fist of the left hand d Incompletely closed fist (‘oath hand’) due to median nerve palsy

at the right upper limb in or above the elbow region, additionally a flattened thenar eminence (‘ape hand’) because of an atrophy of thenar muscles

The skin regions marked by blue color indicate the autonomic areas of the corresponding nerves.

d

a b

c

Upper Limb178

16 Internal surface of cranial base (75%)

Left half of skull, pillars of thickened bone material (= trajectories) of the skull base (bundles of gray lines) and areas of very thin bone substance (orange planes); right half of skull, typical fracture lines of the base of skull (violet lines). Superior aspect (vertical aspect)

Frontal sinus

Frontal pillar

Anterior cranial fossa

Anterior transverse pillar

Middle cranial fossa

Posterior transverse pillar

Posterior cranial fossa

Longitudinal pillar

Cribriform plateof ethmoidal bone

Optic canal

Foramen rotundum

Carotid sulcus

Foramen ovale

Foramen lacerum

Foramen spinosum

Internal acoustic opening

Jugular foramen

Hypoglossal canal

Foramen magnum

Head and Neck16

12

3

2

4

4

4

2 2

1

3

2

4

4

4

4

52 Viscerocranium = Facial skeleton (50%)

Pillars of thickened bone material (= trajectories) of the facial skeleton (black lines and arrows) and areas of very thin bone substance (orange areas)

a Ventral aspect b Right lateral aspect

a

1 Canine pillar

2 Zygomatic pillar (anterior and posterior divisions)

3 Pterygoid pillar

4 Mandibular trajectories

b

Head and Neck52

62 Muscles of the pharynx (75%)

Right lateral aspect

Lateral plateof pterygoid process

Zygomatic arch

Tensor veli palatini muscle

External acoustic opening

Levator veli palatini muscle

Pterygoid hamulus

Styloid processof temporal bone

Superior constrictor musclePterygopharyngeal part –

Buccopharyngeal part –Mylopharyngeal part –

Glossopharyngeal part –

Stylopharyngeus muscle(cut surface)

Middle constrictor muscleChondropharyngeal part –

Ceratopharyngeal part –

Thyrohyoid membrane,�Thyrohyoid foramen�

Inferior constrictor muscleThyropharyngeal part –Cricopharyngeal part –

Cricothyroid muscle

Esophagus

Anterior bellyof digastric muscle(cut surface)

Genioglossus muscle

Geniohyoid muscle

Hyoglossus muscle

Mylohyoid muscle(cut margin)

Body of hyoid bone

Median thyrohyoid ligament

Thyrohyoid muscle

Thyroid cartilage

Median cricothyroid ligament

Trachea,Tracheal cartilages

Zygomatic bone(cut surface)

Orbicularis oculi muscle(cut surface)

Body of maxilla

Levator labii superioris muscle

Zygomaticus minor and major muscles

Parotid duct (STENSEN)

Buccinator muscle

Pterygomandibular raphe

Depressor anguli oris muscle

Body of mandible(cut surface)

Styloglossus muscle(cut surface)

Head and Neck62

117 Parapharyngeal (= lateral pharyngeal) and retropharyngeal spaces (80%)

Transverse (axial) sections through the head and neck at the level a of the oral cavity and the oropharynx b of the laryngeal vestibule and the laryngopharynx (= hypopharynx)

as well as of the adjacent peripharyngeal spaces of connective tissue (parapharyngeal space, greenish; retropharyngeal space, pink).Superior aspect

aFacial artery and vein

Dorsum of tongue,Vallate papillae,

Lingual tonsil

Pterygomandibular raphe

Lingual nerve

Oropharynx

Ramus of mandible,Inferior alveolar artery, vein and nerve

�Stylopharyngeal aponeurosis�

Styloid process of temporal bone(surrounded by

stylohyoid, styloglossusand stylopharyngeus muscles)

External carotid artery,Retromandibular vein

Facial nerve [VII]

Internal carotid artery,Superior laryngeal nerve

Internal jugular vein

Glossopharyngeal nerve [IX],Hypoglossal nerve [XII],

Vagus nerve [X]

Sympathetic trunk

bCervical fascia

Investing (= superficial) layer –Pretracheal layer –

Thyrohyoid membrane

Laryngeal vestibule

Rima glottidis

Superior laryngeal arteryand nerve

Superior root = Superior limbof ansa cervicalis

Internal jugular vein,Vagus nerve [X],

Common carotid artery

Sympathetic trunk

�Pharyngeal fascia�,Inferior constrictor muscle

Prevertebral layerof cervical fascia

Vertebral vein and artery

Parotid duct

Buccinator muscle,Buccopharyngeal fascia

Masseter muscle,Masseteric fascia

Palatine tonsil

Buccopharyngeal fascia,Superior constrictor muscle

Medial pterygoid muscle

Retropharyngeal space

Parapharyngeal space= Lateral pharyngeal space

Parotid gland,Parotid fascia

�Sagittal septum�

Prevertebral layerof cervical fascia

Dens axis

Cervical partof vertebral artery

Lateral mass of atlas

Sternohyoid muscle

Platysma

Sternothyroid muscle,Omohyoid muscle

Right laminaof thyroid cartilage

�Paralaryngeal space�

Superior thyroid vein and artery

Parapharyngeal space= Lateral pharyngeal space

Piriform fossa = Piriform recessof laryngopharynx

Retropharyngeal space

Brachial plexus

5th cervical vertebra

Head and Neck117

123 Esophagus and adjacent organs (35%)

a Left lateral aspect of the mediastinum. The pericardium was partially removed.

b Lateral radiograph. The esophagus contains contrast medium.

aTrachea

1st rib

Left brachiocephalic vein

Superior vena cava

Ascending aorta

Pulmonary trunk,Left pulmonary artery

Body of sternum

HeartLeft atrium –

Left ventricle –Fibrous pericardium

(cut) –

Diaphragm

Costal arch

Cardia of stomach

1st thoracic vertebra

Esophagus

Brachiocephalic trunk,Left common carotid artery,Left subclavian artery

Arch of aorta

Ligamentum arteriosum(BOTALLO)

Left main bronchus

Left superior and inferiorpulmonary veins

Circumflex branchof left coronary artery,Great cardiac vein

Descending aorta,Thoracic aorta

10th thoracic vertebra

Abdominal aorta

b

Pulmonary trunk

HeartLeft atrium –

Left ventricle –

(Retrocardial space,HOLZKNECHT)

Diaphragm

Trachea

Arch of aorta

5th thoracic vertebra

Left main bronchus

Esophagus(containing contrast medium)

(Epiphrenic dilatationof esophagus)

Diaphragmatic constrictionof esophagus

Thoracic Viscera123

160 Arteries and veins of the heart (100%)

The epicardium was removed. Sternocostal (= anterior) surface of the heart, ventral aspect

Right common carotid artery

Right subclavian artery

Brachiocephalic trunk

Arch of aorta= Aortic arch

Right pulmonary artery

Superior vena cava

Ascending aorta

Right auricle

Right coronary artery

Conus branchof right coronary artery

Right atrium

Anterior vein of right ventricle= Anterior cardiac vein,

�Anterior right ventricular branch�

Right marginal vein,Right marginal branch

Right ventricle

Left common carotid artery

Left subclavian artery

Ligamentum arteriosum(BOTALLO)

Left pulmonary artery

Transition of parietal layerof serous pericardiuminto visceral layer (= Epicardium)

Pericardium

Pulmonary trunk

Left auricle

Left coronary artery,Circumflex branch

Great cardiac vein

Conus arteriosus= Infundibulum

Anterior interventricular branchof left coronary artery

Anterior interventricular vein

Left ventricle

Apex of heart

Thoracic Viscera160

362 Basal nuclei Right lateral anterior superior aspect

(right frontoparietal lateral aspect) a Thalamus, basal nuclei that is striatum

(= caudate nucleus and putamen) and lentiform nucleus (= putamen and globus pallidus), as well as the amygdaloid body (150%)

b Thalamus, basal nuclei, and amygdaloid body in the interior of the two cerebral hemispheres (75%)

aThird ventricle

Right thalamus

Body of right caudate nucleus

Connections betweencaudate nucleus and putamen

Right putamen

Head of right caudate nucleus

Tail of right caudate nucleus

Right amygdaloid body= Right amygdaloid complex

bCentral sulcus of cerebrum

(ROLANDO)

Body of right caudate nucleus

Right thalamus

Head of right caudate nucleus

Lateral sulcus of cerebrum(SYLVIUS)

Right putamen

Tail of right caudate nucleus

Right amygdaloid body

Right temporal lobe

Lateral sulcus of cerebrum(SYLVIUS)

Connections betweencaudate nucleus and putamen

Body of left caudate nucleus

Left putamen

Left thalamus

Head of left caudate nucleus

Left globus pallidus medial segment,Left globus pallidus lateral segment

Nucleus accumbens

Left putamen

Tail of left caudate nucleus

Left amygdaloid body= Left amygdaloid complex

Left frontal lobe

Longitudinal cerebral fissure

Left caudate nucleus

Left thalamus

Left amygdaloid body= Left amygdaloid complex

Central Nervous System362

387 Brain Anatomical axial section (more caudal than in fig. 386)

through the head and brain at the level of the third ventricle, the upper parts of the internal capsule, and the frontal and occipital horns of the lateral ventricles, superior aspect

a Cross section through the whole head (50%) b Magnification of central parts of the brain (110%)

a

Frontal lobe

Genu of corpus callosum

Septum pellucidum

Head of caudate nucleus

Anterior limb of internal capsule

Putamen

Thalamus

Posterior limb of internal capsule

Third ventricle

Optic radiation= Geniculocalcarine fibers

(GRATIOLET)

Calcarine sulcus

Calvaria,Occipital bone

Epicranial aponeurosis

Longitudinal cerebral fissure

Falx cerebri= Cerebral falx

Cingulate gyrus

Lateral ventricle– Frontal (= anterior) horn– Central part (= Body)

Insula = Insular lobe

Lateral sulcus of cerebrum(SYLVIUS)

Lateral ventricle– Choroid plexus of lateral ventricle– Occipital (= posterior) horn

Occipital lobe

Superior sagittal sinus

bCingulate gyrus

Lateral ventricleFrontal (= anterior) horn –

Central part (= Body) –

Extreme capsule,External capsule

Claustrum

Internal capsuleAnterior limb of internal capsule –

Genu of internal capsule –Posterior limb of internal capsule –

Thalamus

Internal cerebral veins

Splenium of corpus callosum

Choroid plexus of lateral ventricle

Occipital (= posterior) hornof lateral ventricle

Straight sinus

Longitudinal cerebral fissure

Anterior cerebral artery,Callosomarginal artery

Genu of corpus callosum

Head of caudate nucleus

Septum pellucidum

Putamen

Claustrum

Interventricular foramen (MONRO)

Column of fornix

Third ventricle

Tail of caudate nucleus

Cingulate gyrus

Falx cerebri

Longitudinal cerebral fissure

Central Nervous System387

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Greater Clinical Application

Atlas of Human Anatomy

Wolf-Heidegger’s

Petra Köpf-Maier

Systemic Anatomy, Body Wall,Upper and Lower Limbs16th, completely revised and enlarged edition

Greater Clinical Application

Atlas of Human Anatomy

Head and Neck, Thorax, Abdomen,Pelvis, CNS, Eye, Ear26th, completely revised and enlarged edition

Petra Köpf-Maier

Wolf-Heidegger’s

Petra Köpf-Maier, Berlin

Wolf-Heidegger’sAtlas of Human Anatomy6th, completely revised and enlarged edition

English nomenclature

Volume 1Systemic Anatomy, Body Wall, Upper and Lower LimbsXII + 352 p., 643 fi g., 510 in color, hard cover, 2005CHF 90.– / USD 82.00ISBN 3–8055–7667–6

Volume 2Head and Neck, Thorax, Abdomen, Pelvis, CNS, Eye, EarXIV + 492 p., 927 fi g., 736 in color, hard cover, 2005CHF 90.– / USD 82.00 ISBN 3–8055–7668–4

Set (Volume 1 and 2)CHF 150.– / USD 136.50 ISBN 3–8055–7669–2

Prices subject to change. USD price for USA only

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