SURFACE WATER IN POLAND

surface water

The presence of surface water in an area depends on: climatic conditions Relief The size of precipitation air temperature

POLISH SURFACE WATER Baltic Sea (part of the internal waters)River Lake Ponds Marshes and wetlands Artificial reservoirs and canals

Rivers

Polish area, taking into account the hydrographic conditions, is located in the catchment area of three seas:

Morze Bałtyckie– 99,8%, w tym: Dorzecze Wisły – 55,7%; dorzecze Odry – 33,9%; rzeki pobrzeża bałtyckiego – 9,3%; dorzecze Niemna – 0,8%; Morza Czarnego 0,2%: dorzecze Dunaju (Orawa) dorzecze Dniestru; Morza Północnego: dorzecze Łaby (Izera, Orlica) This watershed - the land area from which all surface and

underground water flows into a sea, ocean or other body of water.

headwaters areas• Most of Polish rivers have their sources in the three regions of the country, called źródliskowymi areas.

These are:• Karpaty and Sudety Where you start from Wisła and and most of their mountain tributaries• heights– where the source of large tributaries Wisły and Odry, for example :Warta, Pilica,

Nida, Wieprz

• Pojezierze Pomorskie i Pojezierze Mazurskie – where flow rivers flowing directly into the sea or being tributaries of the lower sections Wisły i Odry. Są to m.in. Łeba, Pasłęka, Słupia

Ze stoków Baraniej Góry wypływają źródła Białej i Czarnej Wisełki - potoków dających początek największej polskiej rzece - Wiśle.

Watershed - wododzielny area, the boundary separating the adjacent basin Main department called the border between the basins of the two seas, gun-order - the boundary

between the main river basins, while the main river basin tributaries Chapter II distributes row and so on.

Main sections of water separating the Vistula and the Oder and the rivers that flow directly into the Baltic Sea. Is relatively easy to determine the water department wrinkled areas in the mountains and in the highlands, where it is carried out along the line of the back of the bulge area, through its top and through the passes between it and the adjacent peaks (in the Sudetes and the Carpathian Mountains - separates the basin of the Oder and Vistula river basins Elbe, Danube and Dniester.) by contrast, in the lowlands of its accurate determination is much more difficult.

Basin - catchment of the river, which is the area from which surface water flows into a particular river or its tributaries. Abroad is a watershed basin. Polish territory belongs to the basin:Wisły

Odry Rzek pobrzeża Bałtyku Niemna Łaby Dniestru Dunaju A specific feature of the Oder and Vistula river basins is their asymmetry. Right basin

of both rivers are much larger than the left. The ratio of the basin left to right is 27:73 Vistula and Odra 30: 70. The right tributaries of the rivers are therefore longer than the left. The main reason is the slope from south to north and from east to west.

River basins and watersheds Polish

Dorzecze Dunaju

Dorzecze Dniestru

dorzecze Łaby

Dorzecze Wisły

DorzeczeOdry

Dorzecze rzek pobrzeża Bałtyku

Dorzecze Niemna

Zlewisko M. Czarnego

Zlewisko M. Północnego

Zlewisko M. Bałtyckiego

Działy wodne

river regime

Regime (regime) river - the way in which the shape of the river flow during the year. First of all, it depends on the power sources (rain, snow, glacier mountain) and the fluctuation of water status during the year.May Polish river regime snow - rainy. This means that they are powered mainly by rainfall and melting snow. Water levels are highest in the spring and summer

Summer flood caused by torrential rains rivers in July and August, which increase the water level in the trough. They cause a rapid rise of water, mainly in mountain rivers, and local flooding. If the rain lasts a few days and are intense floods can cause a considerable range, creating a great danger.In winter, local floods occur in the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea. Cause them strong northerly winds stacking seawater in estuaries and preventing the free outflow. This phenomenon is called a backwater.

The lowest water levels in rivers Polish occur in late summer and early autumn and winter, when some of the water is impounded in the form of snow and ice. In the eastern part of the country takes the longest - up to 80 days in the western and north-western - the shortest 10-20 days.

Sieć hydrograficzna PolskiThe longest river in Poland:• Wisła (długość 1049 km, powierzchnia dorzecza 194 425 km2, a średni przepływ wody to 1020 m3/s)• Odra (długość 854 km (742 km w Polsce) dorzecze 118 861 km2, średni przepływ wody 560 m3/s)• Warta (długość 808 km, dorzecze 54 529 km2, średni przepływ wody 215,0 m3/s)• Bug (długość 772 km (w tym w Polsce 587 km) dorzecze 39 420 km2, średni przepływ wody 155 m3/s)• Narew (długość 484 km ( 448 km w Polsce) dorzecze 75 175 km2, średni przepływ wody to 318 m3/s)• San (długość 443 km, dorzecze 16 861 km2, średni przepływ wody to 125 m3/s)• Noteć (długość 388 km,  dorzecze 17 330 km2, średni przepływ wody to 76,6 m3/s)pozostałe duże rzeki Polski to: Pilica, Biebrza, Bzura, Nysa Kłodzka, Prosna.

The largest natural lake area in Poland include:Śniardwy (typ morenowy, zajmuje powierzchnie 113,8 km2, ma głębokość 23,4 metry)Mamry (powierzchnia 104,4 km2, głębokość 43,8metrów)Łebsko (powierzchnia 71,4 km2, jezioro przybrzeżne, głębokość 6,3 metry)Dąbie (powierzchnia 56,0 km2, deltowe, głębokość 4,2 metry)

The deepest lake in Poland include:Hańcza (głębokość 108,5 metry, rynnowe)Drawsko (województwo zachodniopomorskie, głębokość 79,9 metry, rynnowe)Wielki Staw (głębokość 79,3 metry, cyrkowe)Czarny Staw (głębokość 76,4 metry, cyrkowe)Wigry (województwo podlaskie, głębokość 73 metry, rynnowe)

lake In Poland there are tens of thousands of lakes, of which 9300 has an area of

more than 1 ha .. Most of the lakes found in the area of the last glaciation. From a geological point of view of the lake are the most common forms of

short-term and youth demonstrate the landscape in which they occur.

Most of the Polish lakes has a few thousand years, only a few are older nico, for example. Tatra lakes circus created 10-12 thousand years ago.

In Poland, the lakes cover an area of 3200 km2 just what constitutes approx. 1% of the country.

The presence of lakes in Poland is uneven. Is the largest lakes in the north of the country.

The largest lake in Poland is a lake „ śniardwy” - the area of 113.8 km2

The deepest lake in Poland is Hancza - maximum depth of 108.5 m

Śniardwy - Warnołty

Hańcza

Marshes and wetlands Swamps and wetlands are areas that are permanently waterlogged in

places obstruction rainwater or high groundwater level. Overgrown by vegetation adapted to the specific conditions associated with high moisturizing.

These areas make up nearly 8% of the country. In most cases, the marshes are also bogs. The biggest teams peatlands

occur in the valleys of the Narew and Biebrza and zachodnie Polesie.

peatlands are divided into: high - powered only rainwater, occurring on watersheds, flat plateaus and areas constructed from impermeable rock; low - powered groundwater, found in the broad valleys of the rivers and lakes in extinct.

Bagna Biebrzańskie

artificial reservoirsTank anthropogenic (flood) - reservoir created by human activity. They arise from rivers, primarily as a result of the construction of the dam mountain.The most common functions are: natural, landscape, flood control, breeding, water supply (for municipal, agricultural, industrial), energy, tourism and recreation, fire, military, defense.In Poland there are approx. 100 artificial water reservoirs with a capacity of more than 1 sq.hm in rural areas

Zbiornik Czorsztyński

water channels Water channel - an artificial watercourse, a fragment of the

waterway, which aims to connect existing natural waterways.

Water channel connecting rivers and lakes inland navigation channel. A dense network of rivers and canals intersecting them make inland waterways.

Among the channel function may be mentioned include Drainage, industrial, energy, recreation and tourism.

Kanał Gliwicki

and finally some pictures of the river Wisła