wn jun03 final - World Federation of Neurology...validity of clinical treatments, dosage regi-mens...

Tentative TopicsAlternative medicine in Neurology

Ataxia/motor neuron diseases

Autonomic nervous system

Behavioral Neurology/ Neuropsychiatry

Child Neurology

Controversies in Neurology

Education

Electrophysiology

Emergency/Critical care in Neurology

EnvironmentalNeurology/Neurotoxicology/Occupational Neurology

Ethics/Palliative Care

History in Neurology

Innovations in Neurology

Interventions in Neurology

Mitochondrial medicine

Molecular medicine

Myopathy/Neuropathy

Neuroepidemiology

Neurogenetics

Neuroimaging

Neuroimmunology

Neurological consequences of blastinjuries

Neurological disorders associated withpregnancy

Neurology resources

Neuronal Stem Cells

Neuro-oncology

Neuro-opthalmology/Neuro-otology

Neuropharmacology/Pharmacogenics

Neurorehabilitation

Neurosonology

Neurovirology

Tropical Neurology/ CNS Infection

Visit the WFN website at http: / /www.wfneurology.org

V O L U M E 2 2 , N U M B E R 2 , J U N E 2 0 0 7

T h e N e w s l e t t e r o f t h e W o r l d F e d e r a t i o n o f N e u r o l o g y

W O R L DNEUROLOGY

ALSO IN THIS ISSUE:� Editorial

� President’s Column� WFN Nigeria Education

Programme� Synopsis of WFN Africa

Meeting� Minutes of JNS Editorial

Board Meeting � Summary of Articles

published in JNS� Report on WFN-IBROSponsored Symposium

� Review of Special Issue ofJournal of History of

Neurosciences� Calendar

Acknowledgement: World Neurology is published with agenerous grant from the Japan Foundation forNeuroscience and Mental Health.

WCN 2009 Secretariatc/o Congrex SwedenP.O. Box 5619SE-114 86 StockholmSwedenTel: 46 8 459 6600Fax: 46 8 661 9125

WCN 2009 OrganisingCommitteec/o The Neurological Society ofThailand7th Floor, Royal Golden JubileeBuilding, Soi Soonvijai, New Petchburi Road, Huay KwangBangkok 10310, ThailandTel: 66 2 7165901Fax: 66 2 7166004

EDITOR-IN-CHIEFDr. Jagjit S. Chopra, # 1153 Sector 33-C,Chandigarh-160 020, India. Tel: +91-172-2661532. Fax: +91-172-2668532. E-mail:[email protected]

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARDDr. Johan Aarli, Department of Neurology,University of Bergen, Haukeland Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway. E-mail:[email protected]. Ra’ad A. Shakir, Charing Cross Hospital,Fulham Palace Road, London - W6BRF, UK. E-mail: [email protected]. Mark Hallett, NINDS, NIH Bldg. 10, Rm.5N226, 10 Centre Drive, Msc 1428, Bethesda,MD 20892, USADr. Theodore Munsat, Department ofNeurology, New England Medical Center, Box314, 750 Washington Street, Boston, MA02111, USADr. Robert Lisak, Department of Neurology,University Health Centre, School of Medicine,4201 St. Antonio, Detroit, MI 48201, USADr. William M Carroll, c/o AAN Secretariat, 145Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW 2000,AustraliaDr. Marianne de Visser, Academic MedicalCentre, University of Amsterdam, Dept. ofNeurology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZAmsterdam, The Netherlands. Dr. Roger N. Rosenberg, Chief Editor, Archivesof Neurology, 515 N State Street, Chicago IL60610, USADr. Daniel Truong, The Parkinson’s &Movement Disorders Institute, 9940 TalbertAvenue, Suite 204, Fountain Valley, CA 92708,USAREGIONAL DIRECTORSDr. Ashraf Kurdi (Pan-Arab), JordanDr. Jacques de Reuck, (Pan-European),BelgiumDr. Thomas R. Swift, (North American), USADr. Mario Tolentino Dipp (Latin American), Dominican RepublicProf. Gilbert Avode Dossou (Pan-African),BeninDr. Bhim Sen Singhal (Asian-Oceanian), India

ASSISTANT EDITOR Dr. I.M.S. Sawhney, Department of Neurology,Morriston Hospital, Swansea SA6 6NL, UK;e-mail: [email protected]

WFN ADMINISTRATOR Keith Newton, World Federation of Neurology,12 Chandos Street, London W1G 9DR, UK

PUBLISHING STAFFPublisher:

Peter F. Bakker ([email protected])Marketing:

Jorinde DirkmaatDesign and Layout:

Desh Deepak KhannaOperational Support:

Annemieke van Es

ADVERTISINGPlease send inquiries about advertising inWorld Neurology to the AdvertisingDepartment, Elsevier Ltd., The Boulevard,Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB,UK. Phone: +44-1865-843 258; Fax: +44-1865-843 976; email: [email protected]

MANUSCRIPTSThe Editor is happy to receive unsolicitedmanuscripts or photographs for considera-

tion, but cannot accept responsibility for anyloss or damage to such material. Manuscriptsshould be submitted in English, typed onwhite paper using double spacing with mar-gins of at least 3 cm. Authors should submitmaterial on computer disk (Microsoft® Word®or plain ASCII format) whenever possible.Tables and figures should be separated fromthe text and should clearly indicate theauthor’s name. Colour photographs and illus-trations are encouraged.

EDITORIAL STATEMENTAlthough great care is taken to ensure accu -racy, the WFN and Elsevier B.V. cannot be heldliable for any errors or inaccuracies in this pub-lication. Opinions expressed are those of theauthors. Elsevier B.V., the Editor, the WFN orthe Grantor cannot be held responsible for thevalidity of clinical treatments, dosage regi-mens or other medical statements made. Anydosage referred to should be checked against

the relevant data sheet for the product.World Neurology, ISSN 0899-9465, is pub-lished by Elsevier B.V., Radarweg 29, 1043 NXAmsterdam, The Netherlands; Phone: +31(20) 485 3358; Fax: +31 (20) 485 3249; e-mail: [email protected]

REPRINTSReprint requests and all correspondenceregarding the journal should be addressed tothe Editor. However, back issues of WorldNeurology can be obtained from the publisher.

CHANGE OF ADDRESSNotice of change of address should be sent to:World Neurology, Editorial Secretariat, 12 ChandosStreet, London W1G 9DR, UK. Fax: +44 20 73234012; e-mail:[email protected]

Printed by Chandika Press (P) Ltd, 126 Industrial Area-1, Chandigarh-160002, India. Fax: +91-172-2657783. e-mail: [email protected]

WORLD NEUROLOGY2

W O R L D N E U R O L O G Y, V O L U M E 2 2 , N U M B E R 2 , M A R C H 2 0 0 7


PUBLISHING INFORMATION

T h e N e w s l e tt e r o f t h e Wo r l d Fe d e rat i o n o f N e u r o l o gy

W O R L D

NEUROLOGYV O L U M E 2 2 , N U M B E R 2 , J U N E 2 0 0 7

CONTENTS

COPYRIGHT © 2006 World Federation of Neurology. All rights reserved.Published by Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam, the NetherlandManuscripts accepted for publication become the copyright of the WorldFederation of Neurology (WFN). Before publication a copyright form will be supplied by the Publisher, which must be completed by all authors.

19th World Congress of Neurology: Tentative Topics . . . . . . . 1

Editorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

WFN Nigeria Education Programme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

President’s Column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Synopsis of Africa Meeting, London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

JNS Editorial Board Meeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Pictures of WFN Boston Meetings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Summary of Articles Published in JNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

WFN-IBRO Sponsored Symposium on ‘Brain Ageing and Dementia in Developing Countries’—A Report . . . . . . . . 12

Journal of History of Neurosciences: Review of Special Issue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Elsevier Advertisement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-16

The countdown for the 19th WorldCongress of Neurology in Bangkok,Thailand has started and the salient fea-tures of the First Announcement areprinted in this issue. This is the MegaEvent of WFN and you are requested toblock these days in your personal diary.It is most likely that an academic pro-gramme to everybody’s liking and inter-est will be included in the ScientificProgramme, quite apart from the scenicbeauty and places of tourist interest inthis city and country.

This is the year of the Golden Jubilee of

WFN which was founded in Brussels in1957 during the First InternationalCongress of the Neurological Sciences inthe same city. WFN is celebrating its 50years at Brussels this year by organisinga special Symposium during the AnnualConference of the European Federationof Neurological Societies (EFNS). Pleasecome to Brussels in August to celebratethis unique event.

The WFN is taking a special interest inAfrica where only half of the nationshave their own neurological associationsand many are without a single neuro -

logist. There has been much discussionregarding the WFN approach to trainingneurologists in African countries. It isadvisable that neurological training beeither in the particular country itself orin those Regional Neurological Centresin Africa which are well developed in theneurosciences. Such a process will stemthe Brain Drain of trained neurologiststo the well developed Western Countrieswhich needs to be discouraged.

Readers of this issue of World Neurologymay have noticed that it has a slightlynew look. There is some change in thelayout settings for easier reading with amore legible font and improved spacing.I shall be grateful for the feedback onthis minor change.

Jagjit S. ChopraEditor-in-Chief

EDITORIAL 3

W O R L D N E U R O L O G Y, V O L U M E 2 2 , N U M B E R 2 , J U N E 2 0 0 7


EDITORIAL

WFN Nigeria Education Programme

Dr. Mrs Oluchi Ekenze collecting her CME certificate from Dr. Mrs Esther Ofoegbu who is Head of the Department ofMedicine UNTH Enugu. The Nigeria Country Coordinator DrIkenna Onwuekwe is on the right of the picture

Report on the Presentation

The certificates were presented during a conference of the

Department of Medicine of the University of Nigeria Teaching

Hospital (UNTH) Enugu. Nigeria on Tuesday 24 April 2007 by the

Head of Department Dr. Mrs Esther Ofoegbu.

Three of the awardees received their certificates personally (Drs

Ezeala-Adikaibe, Ekenze and Anyanwu). Dr. Emeka Anidi’s certifi-

cate was collected on his behalf by a colleague. Unfortunately Dr.

Anyanwu’s picture did not turn out well enough to be published.

The Nigeria CME Country Coordinator Dr Ikenna Onwuekwe was

present at the presentation.

Africa Project Meeting held on 01.05.2007 at Boston

Neurology was a major topic at the 17thWorld Congress of Medicine, which washeld in London in August 1913. JosephBabinski lectured about cerebellarsymptoms, Gordon Holmes on thalamicsymptoms, Jules Dejerine on motoraphasia and Herrmann Oppenheim onmyopathic disorders. But the LondonCongress of Medicine became the last ofits kind. From then on, the internationalcongresses became more specialized.

One international congress ofPsychiatry, Neurology and Psycho logyhad already been organised, inAmsterdam 1907. The second was heldin Bern in 1931, the next in London1935, Copenhagen 1939, Paris 1949 andin Lisbon in 1953 (1). The FirstInternational Congress of the

Neurological Sciences was held inBrussels in 1957, and it was during thatcongress that the World Federation ofNeurology was founded (1,2).

The Brussels congress was a joint meet-ing for neurology, neurosurgery, andneuroradiology and of the InternationalLeague against Epilepsy. An invitationhad been sent in advance to neurologi-cal societies throughout the world tosend a delegate to an organisationalmeeting to be held during the congress.At that meeting, the World Federation ofNeurology was formed. Ludo van

Bogaert was elected the first President,but Houston Merritt and Pearce Baileywere important powers behind theestablishment of the World Federationof Neurology. A grant of US$ 126,190annually for five years from NIH wasessential in order to get the organisationstarted.

The history of the World Federation ofNeurology has been described in recentpublications (2, 3), and will not berepeated here. Instead, I will try to delin-eate how the social and scientific devel-opment over the last 50 years has influ-enced its evolution. The winds of changehave also swept over neurology. TheWorld Federation of Neurology was cre-ated to develop international and inter-disciplinary research projects in the

neurosciences. Neurological re -search has now become inter -national, and a global networkexists between universities andresearch institutions. Oneimportant mission of the WorldFederation of Neurology is toimplement international con-gresses of neurology. Thequadrennial meetings of theWorld Congresses of Neurologynow serve as the most effectivevenue for presenting scientificachievements and interacting

with delegates of varied backgroundsand perspectives.

Regional neurological organisationshave been established, most of themwith a well developed infrastructure,with annual meetings allowing forstrong personal and scientific tiesacross boundaries. They now have theopportunity to collaborate with theregional and national levels of WHO toensure implementation of “health-for-all” strategies at their level. Each profes-sional neurological association may ini-tiate and assist in the identification of

areas where there exists a need for cam-paigns aimed at the prevention of neu-rological disease.

The prime intention behind organisingan international federation of thenational neurological associations wasnot only to promote international col-laboration in research, but also to pro-mote standards of neurological care indeveloping countries, enabling neurolo-gists in developed countries to assisttheir colleagues in places with fewerresources to promote high standards ofneurological care and to developimproved services (2).

The main conclusion from theNeurology Atlas, published by the WorldHealth Organization (WHO) and theWorld Federation of Neurology in 2005,is that the available resources for neuro-logical disorders in most countries ofthe world are insufficient comparedwith the known significant burden asso-ciated with these disorders, and that thesituation is worst for Africa. Only half ofthe responding countries in Africa havea national neurological association andsome of them do not have a single neu-rologist. To the World Federation ofNeurology, the development of neurolo-gy in Africa is therefore a leading vision.The national health authorities in eachcountry correspond with WHO, not withWorld Federation of Neurology. TheWorld Federation of Neurology has nowdeveloped a close co-operation withWHO within the context of global healthissues as identified by WHO.Appropriate strategies for the preven-tion and control of non-communicableand communicable neurological dis-eases should be part of clinical neurolo-gy. If World Federation of Neurologywants to convince health planners togive brain disorders a higher priority, wehave to work through the WHO. Our goalis to develop standards of neurological

PRESIDENT’S COLUMN4



World Federation of Neurology 50 years:Heritage shapes the future

PRESIDENT’S COLUMN

Some eminent Neurologists at the FirstInternational Congress of Neurological Sciences

SYNOPSIS OF AFRICA MEETING 5



care in developing countries, partlythrough the WHO, and partly as a directmission.

The mission of our ResearchCommittee, chaired by RogerRosenberg, is to improve the health ofpatients with neurological disease, par-ticularly in developing countries,through the formation and support ofinternational Research Groups, many ofthem with their own journals and ownscientific congresses. The ResearchGroups also serve by exchange of viewsand information and by advising theOrganising Committee for each WorldCongress of Neurology. The ResearchCommittee has also launched new initia-tives to disseminate up-to-date informa-tion on recent advances in therapy.Entitled “Research Advances inNeurology”, this section of the WFNwebsite covers current researchadvances in clinical and basic neuro-science in areas of various researchgroups. These reviews emphasize neu-rotherapeutics, including those treat-

ments available and affordable in devel-oping countries. They are intended toprovide neurologists everywhere withan electronic syllabus on important newtherapies that will be up-dated every sixmonths.

The Education Committee, chaired byTed Munsat, also focuses on global con-cerns and advocates implementing pro-grammes for the improved care ofpatients with neurological disordersthrough the education of physiciansworldwide. The Education Committeeencourages and assists in the educationof young neurologists in the hope ofimproving patient care where needed(4). An important part of the mission ofthe World Federation of Neurology isthe Continuous Medical EducationProgramme, conducted with nationalneurological societies utilizing groupdiscussions of Continuum, generouslydonated by the American Academy ofNeurology, and Seminars in ClinicalNeurology that the World Federation ofNeurology publishes periodically. The

World Federation of Neurology hasexpanded from 21 countries in 1957, to96 member countries in 2007. Whenneurology is established in more Africancountries, and neurology can cross bor-ders, the World Federation of Neurologywill become a true global organisation.

Literature:(1) Poser CM. The World Federation of

Neurology: the formative period1955-1961. Personal recollections. JNeurol Sci 1993;120:218-227.

(2) Walton J. The World Federation ofNeurology. Pp 573-588 in. The Spiceof Life. From Northumbria to WorldNeurology. Roy Soc Med Services,London 1993.

(3) Aarli J.A. World Federation ofNeurology. J Neur Sci 2007 (in press)

(4) Bergen DC. Training and distributionof neurologists worldwide. J NeurolSci 2002;198: 3-7.

Johan A. Aarli

The Way Forward?: (WHO–Dr Bertholote) Integration of neurologi-cal care into primary care. Give trainingto general health care staff; increase thenumber of neurologists; increase thenumber of neuropaediatricians; increasethe number of neurosurgeons.

Major Concerns: Cost effectiveness;brain drain; how much does it cost totrain a neurologist? Not just to trainneurologists but also how to bringneurological care to people. There is atendency for people, once trained, toleave and go abroad. In Africa almosthalf speak English; half French; somespeak Portuguese; also local lan-guages. Language in training is veryimportant. If you want to reach peo-ple, English, French etc may not besufficient.

Education Committee recom -mendations: � The WFN Plan should be formulated

in great part by neurologists who practise in the region.� A careful and detailed needs assess-ment should be done before the program is formulated.� The initiative should be construc tedin concert with WHO.� The currently effective WFN educa-tional programs should be extendedinto new countries and expanded inthose currently involved. These shouldinclude countries with established train-ing programmes; countries in whichtraining programmes can be estab-lished; and countries where there is noneurologist.� Much more involvement by Frenchneurologists.

Each point would require comprehen-sive analysis and careful decision-making. Dr Hachinski suggest-ed that the term “Task Force” should beapplied and that it should be overseenby the President. Within this there

would be smaller sub-groups.

Some concern was expressed thatWFN should accurately follow WHOregions and there should be no confu-sion with, for instance, the Arab coun-tries in the Northern part of the con-tinent. However, Prof Diop also hadclose contacts with North Africancountries, and the African publichealth crisis was predominately in Sub-Saharan Africa.

� Organisation: WFN should helpAfrican neurologists organise them-selves and become members of theWFN. WFN would have to look closelyat how the Federation could beenlarged.

� Training: This was the greatest needat all levels. WFN had some very specialproducts.

� Guidelines: Implementation and evalu-ation. This was something that wasbadly needed. Most of the guidelinespublished were suitable only for certaincountries. It was important to listen tothose whom WFN wanted to help and, in

World Federation of Neurology

Synopsis of Africa Meeting, London15th December 2006

terms of training, this meant small-scalelocal meetings not congresses. Forexample, the impact of holding some-thing in Ethiopia and awarding a smallscholarship for people from the localarea to attend would be far more help-ful.

� It was agreed that a Task Force shouldbe established immediately. Dr Aarliwould be the Chair, and Prof Diop wouldbe Co-Chair. Prof Diop would be the per-son to represent a link to the local WHOOffice, while Dr Aarli would be the linkto WHO in Geneva.

Fellowships Dr Hacke proposed a com-bination of the following three types:� Travel Fellowships� Short-term: 3-6 weeks, like EFNS� Year-long fellowships

Some people preferred a model wherethe candidate stayed in his/her country,travelling for, say, two months of theyear overseas and then returning. Theywere less likely to leave permanently.For example, 2 months could be spentstudying EMG/EEG followed by a returnhome to implement what had beenlearnt. On the next occasion somethingdifferent would be studied.

At present the WFN offered 10 JuniorTravelling Fellowships each year butthese were to attend international con-ferences. They were not for specificmeetings but for any meetings approvedby the WFN. In the past 20 Fellowshipsused to be on offer including 10 fromGlaxoSmithKline; but regrettably fund-ing from that source had ceased. DrHacke said that EFNS were unable togive out all the fellowships they hadavailable, and Dr Kaji said it was thesame for IFCN. There were never anyapplications from Africa. Dr Carroll saidthey had not been able to fill all the fel-lowships available for Sydney either. Hethought £1,000 was probably notenough to attend congresses, and therewas also the problem of obtaining visasthese days.

Dr Aarli agreed that there were differenttypes of fellowships that could beoffered. Maybe a start should be madeby discussing Travelling Fellowships,perhaps in collaboration with AAN or

IBRO. Dr Kalaria had said he wouldmatch, dollar for dollar, what WFN wasable to give.

Communications in Africa would be anobstacle to everything WFN tried to do.It had been learnt that some might havee-mail access but they did not have thetime or opportunity to acquire informa-tion from the Internet.

What was needed was a decision onwhich type of education exercises WFNwanted to be involved in, e.g. small con-ferences; training of clinical officers etc.These should be developed where theywere needed and extended to otherareas if successful.

Dr Rosenberg recommended going backto Prof Diop and his colleagues to askthem what they wanted. What kind offellowships would be best for them?Nothing should be prejudged. The ini-tiative should originate with them. Anamendment was suggested to the termapplied to the whole project. Not ‘theWFN Africa Project’ but ‘The Africa-WFNProject’.

Epilepsy was very important in Africa.The Centers for Disease Control andPrevention (CDC) was another groupinvolved in many projects in Africa.Malaria in Kenya was a major cause ofthe wide spread of HIV. The Walter ReedArmy Medical Center would be veryhappy to work with the WFN.

Dr Munsat reminded the meeting thatthe Education Committee had run pilotstudies which could perhaps be appliedin Africa: (i) Neurology where there is noneurologist. This had been very success-ful in Zambia. (ii) Honduras: which hadentailed assisting a group of well-trained neurologists to improve theirown existing training programme. Thistoo had been very successful. (iii) Pilottrials of help for different countries thathad established training programmesand now needed WFN to put together asmall group of people to go there andcarry out an evaluation.

Regional Teaching Courses Dr Aarlisaid that EFNS would be willing toorganise a teaching course in Africa ifWFN did likewise. A realistic date to

start would probably be 2008. ProfessorDiop should be asked to suggest twocountries where this might work best.It would be important to have theviews of Dr Haimanot, Professor Diopand their colleagues on what wasneeded. Dr Hachinski had asked DrHaimanot and Professor Diop to provideinformation for the Trustees to review.He had also talked with Dr Bertholotefrom WHO who was interested in whyWFN was keen on Ethiopia in particular.Dr Munsat referred to the success of theWFN CME Programme using Continuumas a way of bringing colleagues together.

First, agreement had to be reached withEFNS on the need for a teaching coursein Africa. Then Professor Diop shouldbe asked to propose two countries.Finally, together with the EFNS, WFNshould try to decide on who would gothere and set a budget for 2008.

Dr Shakir agreed this would be a verygood idea and suggested the countrieswere likely to be Ethiopia and Senegalwho should say what subjects the train-ing needed to cover. 3 people couldprobably be sponsored to hold teachingcourses for 2 days. Dr Hacke thoughtthat 2-3 local people should also beinvolved so that not everything wasimported.

WFN—Japanese Neurological Associa -tion Fellowship Dr Kaji had been think-ing about what Japan could do for theAfrica Project. Japan had schemes thatwere mostly funded by the governmentand their availability was not generallyknown to the African people. He sug-gested perhaps neurosurgeons might beinterested in visiting Africa. WFN couldbe very flexible in endorsing some ofthese activities which would help raisethe Federation’s profile. It would notinvolve a great deal of expenditure. Forexample, Dr Kaji currently had aMongolian Fellow in his departmentwho was receiving 4 years’ training. Ithad proved possible to obtain moneyfrom the pharmaceutical companies tofund his flight and the department hadbeen able to fund the costs of his stay.Someone like that could be given a titlesuch as ‘WFN Fellow’ or ‘JapaneseNeurological Society—WFN Fellow’. Toclarify, if WFN funded travel expenses,

SYNOPSIS OF AFRICA MEETING6



SYNOPSIS OF AFRICA MEETING 7



Japan could take care of the rest. DrHachinski suggested that Dr Kaji’sdepartment should enter into an agree-ment with a specific African depart-ment.

Dr Aarli would write to African contactsreferring them to the Honduras trainingprogramme as a model, and asking ifthey had an existing programme in theirown country. A letter of invitationshould be sent, possibly from ProfessorDiop. It needed to be discussed andagreed with him.

Specific instructions from ProfessorDiop and his colleagues were needed. Italso had to be remembered that only afew African countries were membes ofthe WFN. Dr Aarli concurred and citedNigeria as a huge country which shouldbe a member of the WFN.

Dr Hacke: There were so many parallelactivities. The larger picture was seldomknown, only bits and pieces. Would it bepossible for Mr Newton to contact othersocieties to obtain a general overview ofwhether each organisation had some-thing dedicated to Africa or whetherthey could set aside something?Examples of organisations were: EFNS,ENS, IBRO, ISS etc.

In Dr Aarli’s view, early action on Africawas vital. He asked Dr Munsat to explainfurther to the meeting about the manu-als produced by Dr Birbeck. Dr Munsatsaid these had been developed with sup-port from the WFN and the EducationCommittee had helped review them. Hementioned Dr Ddumba, a neurologist inUganda who had produed a similar man-ual. Dr Munsat just needed a directivefrom the Trustees as to which countryhe should target, who would be the con-tact person there and what staff supportwould be available. Gretchen Birbeckcould be asked for her ideas on appro-priate countries. If Ethiopia were used asa pilot for the Africa Project, severalthings could be done there without nec-essarily entering into any commitmentto spread them into other countries.Alternatively, several countries could beidentified. Dr Munsat favoured a pilotstudy in Ethiopia alone. Dr Aarli said therequest to help in Ethiopia for areaswhere there were no neurologists or

even doctors had come from DrSaraceno at WHO.

Professor de Visser asked whether exist-ing CME programmes in Malawi, Ugandaetc would still continue? It was con-firmed that they would. Dr Aarli wouldcontact Professor Diop to see if heagreed and ask him to contact DrMunsat.

South Africa Question:Dr Aarli believed that WFN should assistin South Africa and referred to the sys-tem of Supernumerary Residents. SouthAfrica had a strong case for help in thata Consultant Neurologist could haveonly two Residents. However, they couldhave one or two more if they came fromoutside South Africa. Dr Pierre Billshould be asked to work with the SouthAfrican Delegate to WFN (Kevin Rosman)to obtain his agreement.

If WFN could sponsor a TravellingFellowship to South Africa, they wouldbe willing to take him.

Regional Training Centres: It was prob-ably not enough to have a centre in aFrench-speaking area; there should alsobe one in an English-speaking area. Asfor the Portuguese-speaking countries,the political situation in Mozambiqueand Angola was unstable.

Research Projects: The Alaska pro-gramme had been cited as a model ofhealth care distribution. Professor Diopshould perhaps be asked to pick ruralareas in two or three countries in Africawhere it might also work. He would haveto work with his colleagues in thosecountries. Dakkar would probably be theplace to start to see how things wentand then, if successful, it might perhapsbe extended to other cities in Senegal;and from there maybe to a neighbouringcountry. This too should be discussedwith Professor Diop.

CONCLUSIONSWFN Africa Task Force A TaskForce—Africa would be established;Dr Aarli to co-chair with Dr Diop; itsCo-Chairman to be invited to partici-pate in Trustees’ Meetings as appro-priate. Consider what the mechanismsfor its work would be.

Create Africa Fellowships� Possible creation of specific Fellow -ships for African neurologists. Therewere 10 WFN Junior Travelling Fellow -ships per year at present. Should a specific one for Africa be introduced?

� Together with the JapaneseNeurological Association a Fellowship ofsome kind would be developed whereWFN would cover travel expenses andJapan would cover other expenses.

Collaborate with EFNS and AAN insponsoring Travelling Fellowships� How should WFN collaborate with theEFNS and AAN in sponsoring TravellingFellowships? Dr Sergay had said hewould see what the AAN could do. IBROwould be an important partner; they hadsaid they would match sponsorhip dol-lar for dollar.

Together with EFNS, RegionalTeaching Courses� Could be organised in 2008 in collab-oration with the Africans and other part-ners.

� Congrex possibly to be asked to assist.

Sponsored Department to DepartmentPartnerships� These had been very successful withthe EFNS. It would be necessary to sayhow many departments should be in theprogramme and to nominate depart-ments in countries such as Canada, theUSA and Japan. With the EFNS, partici-pation was for 6 weeks; should the WFNhave the same period or not? DrWolfgang Grisold to be requested toproduce similar ideas for the WFNAfrica Project.

� Together with Drs Pierre Bill andKevin Rosman, exchange programmeswith South Africa, and the problem ofsupernumerary residents, to be dis-cussed.

Regional Teaching Centres� This idea had been endorsed by ProfDiop. Would WFN sponsor these cen-tres? What sort of sponsorship would beon offer? Who would carry out evalua-tion etc? Should the programme beginwith a single centre, such as that beingset up in Morocco?

JNS EDITORIAL BOARD MEETING8



Develop and promote NeurologyClinical Officer Programme� How should the Neurology ClinicalOfficer Programme be developed, assuggested by Gretchen Birbeck? DrsTed Munsat and Gretchen Birbeck tobe asked to work on a manualdesigned for countries where therewere no neurologists. With ProfessorDiop’s agreement, the focus would beon Ethiopia.

� Training programmes to be estab-lished and evaluated.

Research directed at neurological caredelivery� As suggested by Dr Rosenberg. Howwould this be done? An example of asuitable topic might be the healthcaredistribution system used in Alaska to beconsidered as a possible model forSenegal.

Specific Web links to African neurology� Dr Piero Antuono and the Publications& Website Committee to be asked toestablish a weblink programme forAfrica.

Communications—the need forimprovement was underlined.

World Federation of Neurology

Journal of the Neurological SciencesEditorial Board Meeting Minutes

May 1, 2007, Boston, USA

Members Present:

P. F. Bakker, Senior Publishing Editor, J. Dirkmaat, Marketing Manager, R. P. Lisak, Editor, S. E. Hutton, Administrator and SupportingEditor, R. Lewis and P. Dore-Duffy, Deputy Editors, J. F. Toole, Editor Emeritus, A. Tselis, Book Review Editor, and Associate EditorsM. F. Beal, H. Feldman, M. S. Freedman, F. Gerstenbrand, A. B. Guekht, V. Hachinski, E. Hogan, J. Jankovic, D. Jeffery, A. Koeppen,A. Korczyn, N. Newman, J. D. Pollard, A. Portera-Sanchez, R. Rangel-Guerra, E. S. Roach, R. Rosenberg, A. Rostami, A. Siva, I. Steiner,and D. Truong

ITEM: Editor’s Report presented byRobert P. Lisak, M.D.

Submissions to JNS for 2006 exceeded2005 by 42%. 573 manuscripts weresubmitted compared to 405 in 2005.225 manuscripts were accepted for pub-lication; 305 were rejected. As ofJanuary 1, 2007, 207 manuscriptsremain in progress. 328 articles werepublished in 14 issues in 2006, includ-ing 10 double issues and a CumulativeAuthor/Subject Index included in theDecember issue. This significantincrease in submissions was a directresult of the electronic submission sys-tem (EES) implemented in May 2006.Since May the journal has accepted onlypapers submitted electronically. Dr.Lisak stated that the electronic onlinesubmission and peer reviewing system(EES) is very effective. It has receivedpositive responses from both authorsand reviewers.

Three special issues and one special sec-tion were published in 2006. Theseincluded issue 242.1-2 (March)“Advances and Current Concepts inNeuromuscular Disease: A Special Issue

in Honour of the Careers of Robert E.Lovelace, M.D., FRCP and Jack Patajan,M.D., PhD.” Guest editors were A.Gordon Smith and Louis H. Weimer.Issue 245.1-2 (June) “Cognitive Declinein Multiple Sclerosis: Biological, Clinicaland Therapeutic Aspects” at theEuropean Charcot FoundationSymposium in Italy, 2004. Guest editorwas O. R. Hommes. Issue 248.1-2(October) “Dementia in Parkinson’sDisease” at the InternationalSymposium, Salzburg, Austria, 2004.Guest editors were A. D. Korczyn, D.Calne, and E. C. Wolters. Special sectionin 249.1 (November) “Terrorism for theNeurologist: A Seminar Presented at theWorld Congress of Neurology,” Sydney,Australia, 2005. Guest editor was L. D.Prockop.

The geographic distribution of manu-scripts received and accepted hasremained constant for the last nineyears. Japan with 21% and the USA with20.5% continue to dominate the submis-sions.

Submissions continue to be tracked bydisease type and discipline, both of

which are relative and sometimes arbi-trary classifications. The dominant dis-ease type categories remain essentiallythe same as in past years: cerebrovascu-lar, neurodegenerative, inflammatory/MS, movement disorders, and peripher-al nerve. Clinical research continues todominate; only 9% of all submissionswere basic research (experimental ani-mal based) which is consistent withprior years.

The peer-review process continued toimprove in 2006. 10.6% of the manu-scripts were accepted with no revision;66.7% required one revision; 22.7%required two or more revisions.Language issues and incompleteresponses to reviewers’ commentsaccounted for the extended reviewprocess. The electronic submission EEShas helped to expedite the overallreview process. Reviewers declinequickly which allows the selection ofother reviewers with less delay. Reviewsand revisions are also submitted morequickly through the electronic system.

Ad hoc reviewers were acknowledged inthe April issue, 243. In addition to

JNS EDITORIAL BOARD MEETING 9



board members 399 reviewers wereused in 2006.

Changes to the editorial board includethe following. A. Tselis assumed therole of book review editor in addition tohis role as liaison with World Neurologyfor which he periodically submits syn-opsis of articles from JNS to be featured.A. Koeppen was recognized for his serv-ice as book review editor. D. Truongand A. Siva were both recognized as newmembers of the board.

Editorials and review articles continueto be developed. Dr. Lisak suggestedthat reviewers can provide these whenthey submit their reviews by simplychecking the box that says “subject foreditorial.” Often the review of the papercan be developed into an editorial. Dr.Lisak also invited board members tosubmit review papers since these have apositive effect on the journal’s impactfactor. The goal is to have 1-2 reviewarticles in each issue.

Dr. Lisak closed with a discussion oftriaging. Since submissions have dra-matically increased as a result of theelectronic submission, he feels that theeditor needs to reject the number ofclinical short reports, thereby reducingthe number of requests to reviewers. Healso introduced the idea of requiringauthors to submit a list of 2 or morepotential reviewers for their paper.Currently JNS suggests that authors dothis but does not require it. Some boardmembers had a problem with this indi-cating that it could impact the objectivi-ty of the review. Dr. Lisak respondedthat no more than one reviewer suggest-ed by an author would be considered forany one paper.

ITEM: Senior Publishing Editor'sReport presented by Peter F. Bakker

Peter Bakker announced that 2006 was agood year for JNS. He too noted theincrease in the number of submissions.As his detailed report indicates, pub-lishing time (total time from receipt byeditor to issue being sent to subscribers)has improved. The first four months of2007 continue this trend with a produc-tion time of 11.6 weeks. This improved

turn around time helps the reputationof the journal.

Special issues were noted. These helpthe journal’s impact factor, especiallythe issue with the Charcot Foundation.Peter Bakker indicated that there arecurrently four special issues and twosupplements planned for 2007/2008.

Peter Bakker indicated that the higherrate of submissions and acceptanceresulted in 1868 printed journal pagesfor 2006. 911 printed journal pageshave already been processed for thefirst four months of 2007. He expectsto print 2200-2300 pages for 2007thereby issuing bigger volumes. Thejournal’s limit for the year is 3000 pagesset by the sponsor WFN.

There is little change in the geographicdistribution of manuscripts received atElsevier from North America, WesternEurope, and Asia.

The decline in the number of print sub-scriptions continues. Two-thirds of sub-scriptions are now electronic. A furtherdrop of 20-30% in print subscriptions isexpected in 2007.

Advertising in the journal was the nextissue of discussion. JNS does not adver-tise. Peter Bakker said that Elsevier hasbeen approaching the industry to adver-tise on line. The industry is still conser-vative. It likes the impact of the printedcopy. Currently JNS has 4992 electronicuser accounts.

The impact factor declined from 2006.Peter Bakker indicated that more reviewarticles are needed to reverse thisdecline. He also indicated that the coverof the journal is currently being revised.Some board members felt that such achange was needed.

Marketing activities continue to be a pri-ority. Efforts to increase the visibility ofthe journal are detailed in the report.These include coverage in the WFN quar-terly newsletter, advertisements in otherElsevier journals, a direct mail campaignto 15,000 members of national societiesworldwide, and online marketing activi-ties including the Neurology e-newslet-ter sent out bi-monthly to a large data-

base of Neurology subscribers. JNS isalso promoted at neurology meetingsworldwide.

Peter Bakker’s report lists the top 25cited articles for JNS. Board memberssuggested that these authors shouldreceive a letter indicating this ranking.Perhaps that would encourage them andtheir colleagues to submit other articlesto the journal.

There being no further discussion, themeeting was adjourned at 9:00 am.

Robert LisakEditor-in-Chief

WFN BOSTON MEETINGS10



WFN Boston MeetingsApril 28 to 2 May, 2007

WFN Research Committee Meeting held on 30.4.2007

Joint Meeting of WFN Education Committee & CME Coordinators held on 30.4.2007

WFN Research Committee Meeting held on 30.04.2007

Review ofTreatment ofSusac’sSyndrome

Rennebohm R.M. andSusac J.O.

J. Neurol Sci xx (2007) xxx – xxx

The syndrome of Susac, consisting ofencephalopathy, hearing loss andbranch retinal artery occlusion, is likelymore common than is supposed, andthe characteristic triad is not alwaysobserv ed, when one aspect is dominantover the others. Thus, encepha lo pathy isvery common and can be difficult toevaluate; the clinician may thus notnotice a subtle hearing loss. Since this isa rarely studied disease, the pathogene-sis is not known, pathologic findings arenot well described and optimal manage-ment has not been determined.

In this timely and well organizedreview, Drs Susac and Renne bohmcollect all the data on this diseasefrom published cases and summa-rize well what is known about it andwhat is not. This information is syn-thesized to give a potential outlineof the pathogenesis of the diseaseand provide structured (almost step-by-step) recommendations for itstreatment using various immuno -suppressive and im mu no modu latoryagents.

The pathologic findings and clinicalcourse of this disease are very reminis-cent of those seen in dermatomyositis.Both have monophasic, relapsing-remit-ting and chronic progressive courses.Muscle biopsy of patients with Susac’sreveals a microangiopathy, affectingmainly the endothelium (“endotheliopa-thy”), very similar to that in dermato-myositis. This resemblance between thediseases has both pathogenetic andtherapeutic implications. The therapymainly consists of high dose corticos-teroids, with supplementation byimmunomodulators such as intravenousimmuno globulin and immunosuppres-sants such as cyclophosphamide andmycophenolate, as needed. Other possi-

bilities such as methotrexate, rituximaband plasmapheresis are also discussed.

Review ofBrain mitochondrial dysfunction as a linkbetween Alzheimer’sdisease and diabetes

Moreira P.I., Santos M.S., Sieca R., andOliveira C.

J. Neurol Sci xx (2007) xxx - xxx

The connection between diabetes anddementing illness has long been sus-pected and, in the past few decades,documented. Certainly, diabetes predis-poses strongly to cerebrovascular dis-ease, which in turn leads to multiinfarctdementias with a more or less clearcutpathogenesis as well as the less wellcharacterized ischemic leukoen-cephalopathies or “small vessel dis-ease”. However, a relationship toAlzheimer’s disease has also been sus-pected, since some of the risk factorsfor diabetes are risk factors forAlzheimer’s and the two seem to beassociated more often than by merechance.

Can the connection between diabetesand Alzheimer’s be traced to a commonmolecular substrate? This paperexplores the case to be made for this,and discusses the threads of evidenceconnecting the amyloid protein Aβ withmitochondrial damage. It is known thatAβ is metabolized in part in the mito-chondria, where it can be detected alongwith various proteins to which it binds.Abnormalities in glucose metabolismand insulin in the brain also damagemitochondria. The effects of insulin arenot necessarily mediated only throughregulation of glucose metabolism. Theevidence for the synergistic effects of Aβand abnormal glucose and insulin on themitochondria, the integrity of which iscrucial for the function of the highlymetabolically active brain, is carefullyexplored. Their interweaving effectssuggest that Alzheimer’s disease is insome cases a form of brain parenchymal

diabetes, or “type 3 diabetes.” The impli-cations for the early diagnosis, preven-tion and treatment of Alzheimer’s areevident.

Review of A distinct subgroup ofchronic inflammatorydemyeli nating polyneuro -pathy with CNSdemyelination and afavorable response toimmunotherapy

Pineda A.A.M.,Ogata K., Osoegawa M.,Murai H., ShigetoH., Yoshiura T.,Tobimatsu S., Kira J.I.

J. Neurol Sci xx (2007) xxx - xxx

Inflammatory demyelinating diseasesare commonly thought of as being con-fined to the central or peripheral nerv-ous systems. Examples of the formerinclude multiple sclerosis, optic neuri-tis, acute disseminated encepha -lomyelitis and transverse myelitis, andfor the latter include Guillain-Barre syn-drome and chronic inflammatorydemyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP).However, since many of the antigenicepitopes in peripheral myelin are thesame as in central myelin, one wouldexpect that in some cases peripheraland central demyelination would occurtogether. In patients with CIDP, such hasbeen the case.

In this study of 18 consecutive Japanesepatients with CIDP, CNS demyelinationwas looked for by somatosensory andmotor evoked potentials as well as MRIof brain and spinal cord. Six of thesepatients had abnormalities indicatingcentral demyelination, but only one hadan MRI typical of MS.

Do the patients with subclinical centraldemyelination differ from those with-out? While the number of patients inthis study is small, some significant dif-

SUMMARY OF ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN JNS 11



Summary of Articles Published in JNS

BRAIN AGEING & DEMENTIA IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES12



ferences appear. The patients with sub-clinical CNS demyelination had statisti-cally significantly less disability, andlarger compound motor action poten-tials in the median nerve. There was astatistical trend to a male preponder-ance and greater responsiveness toimmunologic therapies such as pred-nisone, plasmapheresis and intravenousimmunoglobulin in the group with sub-clinical central demyelination. Theauthors speculate that in patients withboth central and peripheral disease havemore pure demyelination than thepatients with peripheral disease, whomay have greater axonal involvementwhich is known to be more severe andless responsive to therapy. Larger stud-ies, repeated in the same and other pop-ulations would be of great interest. Ifthese results are replicated, the patho-genetic implications are evident.

Review of Quantitativenested real-time PCRassay for assessing theclinical course oftuberculous meningitis.

Takahashi T, Tamuar M, Takahashi SN,Matsumoto K, Sawada S, Yokoyama E,Nakayama T, Mizutani T, Takasu T,Nagase H.

J Neurol Sci 225 (2007) 69-76

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a notuncommon subacute meningitis which

is difficult to diagnose and treat, and forwhich there is no quantitative way tofollow the effect of treatment. In apatient with preexisting tuberculosis,who develops headaches, difficulty inconcentrating and cranial nerve palsies,with moderate pleocytosis, high CSFprotein and hypoglycorrhachia, thediagnosis is reasonably certain, but thisis not always the case. Further, once thediagnosis is made and antiTB therapy isinstituted, there is no objective quanti-tative way to follow the disease, apartfrom serial neurological exams andrepeat measurement of CSF parameterssuch as pleocytosis, protein and glucoselevels. Direct measurement of bacterialload is not available – cultures and PCRare positive or negative.

In this study, 8 patients with TBM and20 controls (other forms of meningi-tis, multiple sclerosis, lupus, lym-phoma, neuroBehcet’s) had CSF exam-inations, with serial testing in theTBM patients. CSFs had routineparameters measured, along with sim-ple mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)PCR, nested PCR and quantitativenested real time (QNRT) PCR. NestedPCR is a more sensitive technique fordetecting TB DNA, by using 2 stagesof amplification. QNRT PCR is a sensi-tive and quantitative measure of bac-terial cell (BC) burden, expressed asBC/mL of CSF.

For the TBM patients, CSF measure-ments were done before and at leastonce after 2 weeks of antiTB therapy.

The results were interesting. Simple PCRdetected TB DNA in only one of the 8TBM patients, while the more sensitivenested PCR was positive in 8 out of 8patients. In the non TBM group, nestedPCR was negative in all cases. In the TBMpatients, the initial pretherapy CSF bac-terial load was 2000-20,000 cells/mL.With continued antiTB therapy, the bac-terial load dropped after several meas-urements, over a time scale of severalweeks to a month or two. The drop inbacterial load correlated with clinicalimprovement, resolution of pleocytosisand normalization of CSF protein andglucose. Interestingly, in a few cases, thebacterial load initially increased justafter therapy was started, before declin-ing. In the one patient who died of TBM,the bacterial load increased continually.

While the number of patients in thisstudy was small, the results are veryintriguing and need to be developed fur-ther. This assay provides for the firsttime an objective quantitative measureof TB load in the CSF of TBM patientsand may be useful in following the dis-ease.

Thank you to Dr Alex Tselisfor summerizing the papers

REPORT

WFN-IBRO Sponsored Symposium on ‘Brain Ageing andDementia in Developing Countries’Held at Safari Park Hotel Confernece Centre, Nairobi, Kenya from 10th to 13th April 2007IntroductionWorldwide, there is a demographic tran-sition occurring characterized by pro-gressive increase in the population ofthe elderly, much more in the develop-ing than in the developed countries.Accompanying this is an increase in theprevalence of cardiovascular disorderssuch as hypertension, diabetes mellitusand ischemic heart disease as well as

neurological diseases including stroke,neurodegenerative dementias, vasculardementia and late-onset depression.This increase is occurring more in thepoorer developing regions of the worldwhere resources to cope with the grow-ing burden are scarce.

With this background, this symposiumon ‘brain ageing and dementia in devel-

oping countries’ was organized toreview the size of the problem, the eco-nomic costs, protective and predispos-ing factors, current thoughts on aetiolo-gy including gene-gene and gene-envi-ronment interactions, treatment modal-ities including phytotherapy and newdrugs under development as well ascomparing research findings fromdeveloped and developing nations.

With sponsorship from the WFN, IBRO,WHO and some other funding agencies,about sixty researchers drawn fromEurope, Africa, North America, LatinAmerica and Asia-Pacific convened atthe Safari Park hotel in Nairobi, Kenyabetween the 10th and 13th of April,2007 to participate in this symposium.This report is a summary of the four-day event.

The SymposiumThe symposium commenced with anopening session on the 10th of April,2007. Prof Raj Kalaria, convener of thesymposium, delivered an openingaddress welcoming all participants andhighlighting the objectives of the sym-posium which was coming exactly onehundred years after Alois Alzheimerdescribed his first case of the diseasethat later became eponymously namedafter him. An overview of the 10/66dementia research group, a conglomer-ate of 100 researchers from 32 develop-ing countries carrying out community-based dementia studies and an affiliateof the Alzheimer’s Disease International(ADI), was provided.

This was followed by launching of theAlzheimer’s Association of Kenya, aproduct of a vision conceptualized fromthe experiences of some individuals whohave had to take care of relations withdementia. Supported by the AfricanMental Health Foundation (AMHF), theassociation was formed with the goalsof gathering data on the burden ofdementia in Kenya, creating publicawareness to enhance early detectionand risk reduction as well as facilitatesupport for caregivers of persons livingwith dementia.

The following session focused on thesize of the worldwide problem of brainageing and dementia. AcknowledgingWHO reports on global ageing, theworldwide societal cost of dementia wasreviewed. In 2005, based on an estimat-ed population of 29 million persons liv-ing with dementia, the cost of care wasestimated at US $ 315 billion (direct costUS$210 billion and informal cost US $105 billion). Twenty three percent of thetotal cost was borne in developing coun-tries which had 54% of the prevalentcases.

The chronic problem of paucity oftrained manpower for mental andneuro logical health care delivery andresearch in the developing world alsoreceived some attention during thisfirst session. In sub-Saharan Africa forinstance, there is just one single neu-rologist to an average of 3 million peo-ple. Faced with the daunting chal-lenges of high cost of training andbrain drain, some of the solutionsproffered include integrating basicneurological care into primary healthcare, empowering.

The subsequent session focused ondiagnosis of mild cognitive impairmentand dementia in diverse communitiesand risk factors. Several studies pre-sented at the symposium identified riskfactors for dementia such as vascularfactors: hypertension, diabetes mellitus,obesity, raised cholesterol levels; physi-cal and mental inactivity, urban living,poor social interaction and positive family history. While the role ofapolipoprotein E gene in the pathogen-esis of AD appears well established, sev-eral new candidate genes for late-onsetAD and the frontotemporal dementiasare being elucidated. Some of these cut-ting–edge research findings on geneticsof dementia were presented

Care arrangements for people livingwith dementia should involve the fami-ly and other stakeholders in the contextof culturally appropriate and acceptablemethods. The results of a community-based epidemiologic survey of

Parkinson’s disease and stroke inTanzania, East Africa were presented aswell as the profile of cognitive dysfunc-tion in a cohort of Nigerian patients withPD. There was a unique presentation.

There were posters highlighting the epi-demiology of dementia in Tunisia,Algeria, Senegal, Democratic Republic ofCongo, Uganda and Ethiopia.

Benefits of the SymposiumThis symposium has been been quitebeneficial having:—provided an opportunity to interactwith key players in the field of demen-tia care and research.—provided an avenue to appraiseprogress since 2001 when the maidenedition of the symposium was organ-ized.—provided a forum to appraise the cur-rent status of dementia care andresearch especially in the developingcountries.—made possible establishment of rela-tionships for possible future collabora-tive networking.—brought to the fore the need for morepublic enlightenment on dementia.—revealed the need for correct researchpriorities and good research as basis forevidence-based policy drives and advo-cacy for brain health in developingcountries.

Dr. Rufus Olusola AkinyemiNeurology Unit, Department ofMedicine, University College Hospital,Ibadan, Nigeria.

JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF NEUROSCIENCES 13



Editors: P.J. Koehler, M. Macmilland andS. FingerISSN: 0964-704 XNo. of Pages: 236Publishers: Taylor & FrancisPrice: US$ 418-441

This Journal is representing the WFNResearch Group of the History ofNeurosciences and was founded byFrank Clifford Rose in the early 1990s.Frank, a well known neurologist ofinternational repute, was Secretary

Treasurer General of World Federationof Neurology for around one decadeand Editor-in-Chief of World Neurologyfor many years. History ofNeurosciences has been very dear tohim in addition to several books andmonographs edited by him. This journalpresents historical material on allbranches of neurosciences from antiq-uity to recent times. It is also the officialjournal of The International Society forHistory of the Neurosciences.Publication is quarterly. Although

Journal of the History ofNeurosciencesSpecial Issue on the History of Russian Neuroscience

CALENDAR14



2007

VIII Congreso Colombiano deNeurologíaAugust 17-19, 2007

Cali, Colombiahttp://congreso2007.acnweb.org/

13th International Congress ofImmunologyAugust 21-25, 2007

Rio de Janeiro, Brazilhttp://www.immunorio2007.org.br

11th European Federation ofNeurological Societies Congress (incorporating WFN Council ofDelegates Annual General Meetingand WFN 50th Jubilee Symposium)August 25-28, 2007

Brussels, Belgiumhttp://www.kenes.com/efns2007/

World Federation of Sleep ResearchSocieties World Congress 2007September 1-8, 2007

Cairns, Australiahttp://www.icmsaust.com.au/wfsrs2007/

CALENDAR

presently it is running on to 16thVolume, this issue has special signifi-cance. It is not only double in size but itsignificantly caters for the history ofRussian Neuroscience which previouslywas an enigma. Readers will not only geta glimpse of past Russian/Soviet UnionNeuroscience but will be enlightened asto the present development of theNeurosciences in Russia. There are

chapters on European influence onRussian neurology, I.M. Sechenov-Thepatriach of Russian Physiology and theScientific self-understanding, MoscowClinic for Nervous Diseases, Beginningof Russian Psychiatry, Ivon PetrovichPavlov, History of Kazan NeurologicalSchool, Russian Neurosurgery, TheMoscow Brain Research Institute andmany more chapters on the Russian

Neuroscientists, their discoveries andapplications to human neurological dis-eases. This volume will not only interestthe readers but will be a valuable treas-ure for the medical libraries around theglobe.

Editor-in-Chief

ADVERTISEMENT 15



Editor-in-Chief

Donald B. CalnePacific Parkinson’s Research Centre, Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre, Vancouver, Canada

Associate editors

Y. Mizuno, JapanE.Ch. Wolters, The NetherlandsZ.K. Wszolek, USA

www.prd-journal.com

• Fast peer review using online submission and peer review system

• Publication online as fast as 14 weeks from acceptance

• Publication in print on average within 25 weeks from acceptance

Submit your article online at http://ees.elsevier.com/parkreldis/

Parkinsonism& Related Disorders

I N T H I S I S S U E

Volume 12 Number 7 2006 ISSN 1353-8020

Official Journal of the WFN Research Group on Parkinsonism and Related Disorders

Parkinson’s disease and family historyClinical characterization of LRRK2 G2019S Parkinson patients

Mutations in the parkin Gene

Psychosis and depression in PD

Paroxetine in multiple system atrophy

GAITRite system evaluation ofparkinsonian bradykinesia

Estimating the value of novel interventions for Parkinson's disease

ERP and cognition in PD

Vascular parkinsonism

Central pontine myelinolysis andextrapontine myelinolysis

This journal now has online submission at:http://authors.elsevier.com/journal/parkreldis

Official Journal of the World Federation of Neurology Research Group on Parkinsonism and Related Disorders

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders publishes the results of basic and clinical research contributing to the understanding, diagnosis and treatment of all neurodegenerative syndromes in which Parkinsonism, Essential Tremor or related movement disorders may be a feature.

Topics covered include:

Maximum visibility and worldwide readership

Over 3,000 institutes worldwide have online access to Parkinsonism and Related Disorders.

Find out whether you have access to these articles via your institute and visit www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13538020

See what your peers are reading! A selection of most downloaded articles

Pathogenesis of nigral cell death in Parkinson’s disease

Balance and fear of falling in Parkinson’s disease

Basal ganglia activation in Parkinson’s disease

Botulinum toxin: Clinical use

Movement disorders and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: A review

• Molecular biology

• Neuroanatomy

• Neurophysiology/electrophysiology

• Neuropharmacology

• Neuropsychology

• Neuroimaging

• Neurotoxicology

• Clinical phenomenology

• Surgical and pharmacological treatment

• Transplantation studies

• Relationship with aging

• Epidemiology/environmental impact factors

• Rehabilitation

Obtain your own personal subscription for just US$140!

• 8 print issues a year• Online access to all issues

and articles back to 1998

Visit www.prd-journal.com and subscribe today!

ADVERTISEMENT16



WORLD FEDERATION OF NEUROLOGYA non-governmental organisation in association with the World Health Organisation

9 – 13 December 2007Amsterdam RAI • The Netherlands

Responsible Organisation

Congress President

Congress and Exhibition Office

Congress Venue

Call for Abstracts

www.parkinson2007.de

CME

wn jun03 final - World Federation of Neurology...validity of clinical treatments, dosage regi-mens...

Documents

Transcript of wn jun03 final - World Federation of Neurology...validity of clinical treatments, dosage regi-mens...