WMO

Workshop on the TT-ObsReq-2

WMO: Research Department

Gregory Carmichael

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The GAW Mission

Systematic Global Monitoring of

the Chemical Composition of the

Atmosphere.

Analysis and Assessment in

Support of International

Conventions.

Development of Air Pollution and

Climate Predictive Capability.

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GAW – moving forward

New Strategic Implementation Plan (2016 – 2023) Research Enabling Services

Focuses on the theme - Atmospheric Composition Matters - to climate, weather forecasting, human health, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, agricultural productivity, aeronautical operations, renewable energy production, and more.

GAW has a central role to play in helping WMO members and society develop and deliver improved products and services involving atmospheric composition.

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GAW – context

GAW Strategic Implementation Plan (2016-2023)- within the context of WMO SP & CAS priorities

WMO Strategic Plan, which can be summarized as «Science for service» and includes: • Disaster risk reduction• Global integrated polar prediction system (GIPPS)• Megacities• Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS)• WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS) and WMO Information System (WIS)

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GAW – context

CAS-16, which identified six emerging areas: 1.High Impact Weather and its socio-economic effects in the context of global change; 2.Water modelling and predicting the water cycle for improved DRR and resource management;3. Integrated GHG Information System (IG3IS) - serving society and supporting policy; 4.Aerosols and their impacts on air quality, weather and climate; 5.Urbanization - research and services for megacities and large urban complexes; and 6. Evolving Technologies (including geo-engineering) and their impact on science and its use.

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GAW – Directed Research

Advance observations and analysis of chemical constituents of the atmosphere and UV radiation and expand role in enhancing predictive capabilities (wrt atmospheric composition and its uses) to help reduce environmental risks to society from high-impact weather and air pollution, and to mitigate the impacts of, and adapt to, changing climate.

Priority – Expanding GAW’s role in enhancing predictive capabilities (wrt atmospheric composition and its uses) The focus of the new SIP on services provides a framework via

the priority application areas to evolve observations and to enhance modeling elements;

GAW has played an active role in further developing urban air quality forecasting capabilities through (GURME) - these efforts will continue and expand;

Establishing a new SAG (“GAW-Aps”) focused on the objective “To demonstrate usefulness of exchanging atmospheric observational data (including in NRT) in support of monitoring and forecasting applications” targeting applications that use NRT data delivery on scales larger than urban; and

Expand collaborations with WWRP/WCRP/WGNE and others…

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GAW – Actions/Needs

Continue to improve observational systems and data using RRR and WIGOS/WIS (WMO Integrated Global Observing System and WMO Information System) to evolve the observing system for atmospheric composition to support the growing services to:+ allow near real-time provision of GAW data, + support integration of surface, vertical profile and column datasets from different platforms to provide a unified understanding of aerosol and gas distributions, + minimize gaps in the measurement networks in data-poor regions,+ support the expanding service needs related to cities, high impact weather, and climate

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GAW Station Information System (www.meteoswiss.ch/gawsis)

Need to Evolve Composition Observing Systems and Data Management

Some facts

How do we best manage the data in a world that will be looking more carefully at atmo composition Broad community that support GAW Much of the data are provided by research community which are

outside Met Services Some Met services are addressing atmo composition

They are only providing a small part of the products

Met service can provide long term data management for GAW Some Met services are already coordinating GAW activities

Global vision is necessary Global reach is the key Partnership and collaboration is necessary to build the global view

How can we collectively work together ? How can we improve the relation with environmental agencies

Workshop on Future

Directions of GAW Data

Management, 10-11

August 2015, MeteoSwiss

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GAW data management vision

To bring together atmo composition data/information including near real time data, with a global perspective geographical and parameters, to support and provide information and changing atmo environment and better and new services, to ensure data curation and preservation

Workshop on Future

Directions of GAW Data

Management, 10-11

August 2015, MeteoSwiss

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Mission

To develop a global metadata catalogue to get a global view of atmo composition data, wherever they are located and how to get them. Discovery service

Quality control and assurance and archive GAW data Access and retrieval services

Near real time Validated data

Value-added services Visualisation agregation Subseting Forecasting and reanalysis ……

To develop One stop shop for atmo composition data

Workshop on Future

Directions of GAW Data

Management, 10-11

August 2015, MeteoSwiss

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ATI VISION:Atmospheric composition and related physical parameter data assets are effectively processed, of known quality and effectively stored to facilitate easy discovery, access, use, expansion and exchange.

This is essential to inform the decision making processes at the local, regional and global levels on the effects of atmospheric composition change on climate, air quality, weather, ecosystems, and human health.

In this context, the role of GAW is to serve as the authoritative information source through the facilitation of international collaboration on the environmental issues related to atmospheric composition change.

The way forward

Establish a federation of data centers GAW data centers Contributing data centers Interconnection with GAWIS system Better interoperability between data centers

Define GAW data from a contributing data centers Campaign data? Sites that don’t meet current GAW criteria?

Range of variables Notion of global, regional, local should be clarified Host and/or produce services Provide data to a non GAW service

Workshop on Future

Directions of GAW Data

Management, 10-11

August 2015, MeteoSwiss

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GAW Facts• Partnership involving contributors from 100 countries,

coordinated under WMO Commission for Atmospheric Sciences

• End-to-end approach from observations through research to the delivery of products and services

• Use of observations from global stations, regional stations, and satellite data

• Applications: climate monitoring, air quality forecasting, NWP, Protocol monitoring

GAW Global Stations

GAW focal areas

Stratospheric Ozone and vertical ozone distribution

Greenhouse Gases (CO2 and its isotopes, CH4 and its isotopes, N2 / O2 ratio, N2O, SF6, H2O, CFCs, halons and substitutes)

Reactive Gases (O3, CO, VOCs, NOx, SO2)

Precipitation Chemistry and Total Atmospheric Deposition

Aerosols (chemical and physical properties, AOD)

UV Radiation

GAW Urban Meteorology (GURME) project

GAW Applications

Updating GAW requirements

WMO Observation Requirements for “Atmospheric chemistry” are from IGACO report (2004)

WMO’s 16th Congress (2011) recommended for GAW to set up an ad-hoc Task Team to review Observation requirements for atmospheric composition Satellite missions contributing to such requirements

Take into consideration GCOS and other requirements for atmospheric composition observations

In coordination with WMO CBS, CEOS, CGMS

TT on Observation Requirements

The Task Team on Observational Requirements and Satellite Measurements was established in 2014 with these members:

WMO/GAW and user representatives: Greg Carmichael, WMO EPAC SSC Chair. (Chair of the TT) Claire Granier, LATMOS-IPSL and NOAA/ERSL & CU/CIRES, France Sander Houweling, SRON, Netherlands (GHG SAG) Randall Martin, Dalhousie Univ., Canada Terry Nakajima, CESD/AORI, Japan Vincent-Henri Peuch, ECMWF, (Copernicus and MACC-II) Sandro Fuzzi, Istituto di Scienze dell’Atmosfera e del Clima, CNR Italy

As requested by WMO Congress John Eyre, UKMO, chair IPET-OSDE Richard Eckman, CEOS (NASA), USA Rosemary Munro, CGMS (EUMETSAT) Ben Veihelmann, ESA/ESTEC Claus Zehner, ESA/ESRIN

The Task Team met in November 2014 The Task Team took into consideration:

The WMO strategic plan, Priority areas of the Commission for Atmospheric Sciences,

high impact weather; water; Integrated Global Greenhouse Gas Information System; aerosols; urbanization; and new technologies, including geo/climate engineering.

GAW Implementation Plan (IP) for the period 2016-2023.

Three applications areas for atmospheric composition observations were identified : Forecasting atmospheric composition Monitoring atmospheric composition Providing Atmospheric Composition information to support services in urban

and populated areas

TT on Observation Requirements

1. Forecasting Atmospheric Composition (F) Covers applications from global to regional scales (with horizontal

resolutions similar to global NWP (~ 10 km and coarser) with stringent timeliness requirements (NRT) to support operations such as sand and dust storm and chemical weather forecasts.

2. Monitoring Atmospheric Composition (M) Covers applications related to evaluating and analysing changes

(temporally and spatially) in atmospheric composition regionally and globally

To support treaty monitoring, climatologies and re-analyses, assessing trends in composition and emissions/fluxes, and

To better understand processes, Using data of controlled quality (and with less stringent time

requirements (not needed in NRT)), and used in products such as Ozone and Greenhouse Gas Bulletins, and State/Health of the Atmosphere reports.

TT on Observation Requirements

3. Providing Atmospheric Composition information to support services in urban and populated areas (U) Covers applications that target limited areas (with horizontal

resolution of a few km or smaller and stringent timeliness requirements to support services related to weather/climate/pollution, such as air quality forecasting.

TT on Observation Requirements

Key parameters needed for Forecasting 1. All Global NWP variables

(e.g., PBL + Tropopause height) and others yet to be determined by WMO/GAW

2. Aerosols (aerosol mass, size distribution (or at least mass at 3 fraction sizes: 1, 2.5 and 10 micron), speciation and chemical composition, AOD at multiple wavelengths, AAOD, water content, ratio of mass to AOD, vertical distribution of extinction).

3. Reactive Gases, Trace gases (incl GHG), Ozone Precursors (Total ozone, profile ozone, surface ozone, NO, NO2 (surface, column, profile), PAN, HNO3, NH3, CO, VOC (isoprene, terpenes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics), SO2 (surface and column), CH4, CO2, N2O, HCHO, HOx, Clx, ClO, BrO, OClO, ClONO2, HDO, CFCs, HCFCs, HFCs, Rn, SF6)

4. Others Actinic flux, fire radiative power, land proxies, lightning, dry and wet deposition, pollen (key species), OCS

Key parameters needed for Monitoring

1. All Global NWP variables (e.g. PBL + tropopause height) and others we want to add: SST, deep ocean temperature, solar variability, albedo, land use, soil moisture, precipitation, sea ice cover, snow cover, PSC occurrence

2. Aerosols (aerosol mass, number, size/surface distribution (1, 2.5, 10 micron), speciation and chemical composition, AOD at multiple wavelengths, AAOD, water content, ratio of mass to AOD, vertical distribution of extinction), stratospheric aerosol backscatter coefficient, PSC composition, concentration of metals, chemical composition of PM (sulphate, nitrate, ammonium, BC, OC, OM, dust, sea salt, BS, SOA) aerosol index, refractive index, precipitation chemistry composition, Hg, POPs, primary biological particles)

3. Reactive gases, Trace gases (incl GHGs), Ozone PrecursorsTotal ozone, profile ozone, surface ozone, NO, NO2 (surface, column, profile), PAN, HNO3, NH3, CO, VOC (isoprene, terpenes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics), SO2 (surface, column), CH4, CO2, N2O, N2O5, NO3, HCHO, HOx, Cly, ClO, BrO, OClO, ClONO2, HDO, CFCs, HCFCs, HFCs, Halons, CH3Br, CH3Cl, BrONO2, Rn, SF6, glyoxal, methyl chloroform, H2O, H2O2, H2, O2 / N2 ratio, DMS, MSA, OCS

Key parameters needed for Monitoring

4. Trace gas isotopesCO2, methane, N2O, CO, (D, 13C, 14C, 17O, 18O, 15N) also in the aerosol phase

5. Others(Actinic flux, fire radiative power, land proxies, lightning, dry and wet deposition, pollen (key species), ocean colour, chlorophyll-A, LAI, PAR, FPAR, fluorescence, vegetation maps, land use maps, burned areas, night light, fire counts, wet lands, ship routes, forest inventory, biomass density, crop lands)

Key parameters needed for Urban applications

(Under development)

Initial quantitative observation requirements of GAW

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Variables Attribute #1 Attribute #2Vertical region

ApplicationResponsible SAG

Aerosol mass concentration

Size distribution in 3 classes (less than 1 mm, less than 2.5 mm, less than 10 mm)

Total, Sulphate, Dust, Nitrate, ammonium, BC, OC, SOA, OM, Sea Salt, H2O

NS F, M, U Aerosol

Pollen grain countsSpecies: birch, ambrosia, olive, grass…

NS F, M, U Aerosol

Black Smoke NS M AerosolAerosol mass concentration

Size distribution (continuous)

Profile F, M, U Aerosol

Aerosol Optical Depth A few wavelengths TC F, M, U AerosolAbsorbing Aerosol optical Depth

A few wavelengths TC F, M, U Aerosol

Ozone TC F,M OzoneOzone Profile F,MOzone mixing ratio NS F,M,U RGNO2 TC, TrC, Profile F,M,U Ozone, RGNO2 TrC U RGNO2 mixing ratio NS F,M,U RGNO mixing ratio Profile F,M Ozone, RGHNO3 mixing ratio Profile F,M Ozone, RGPANs mixing ratio Profile F,M Ozone, RG… … … … … …

VariableApplication Area Layer(s) Uncertainty G Uncertainty B Uncertainty T …

Ozone mixing ratio U NS 1 ppb 2 ppb 5 ppb …Ozone mixing ratio F NS 1 ppb 2 ppb 5 ppb …Ozone mixing ratio M NS 1 ppb 2 ppb 5 ppb …Ozone mixing ratio F PBL 1 ppb 2 ppb 5 ppb …Ozone mixing ratio M PBL 1 ppb 2 ppb 5 ppb …Ozone mixing ratio F FT 2% 5% 10% …Ozone mixing ratio M FT 2% 5% 10% …Total and individual PM1

U NS max(1 mg.m-3, 10%)

max(3 mg.m-3, 30%)

max(5 mg.m-3, 50%)

…

Total and individual PM1

F NS max(1 mg.m-3, 10%)

max(3 mg.m-3, 30%)

max(5 mg.m-3, 50%)

…

Total and individual PM1

M NS max(0.5mg.m-3, 10%)

max(1mg.m-3, 30%)

max(2mg.m-3, 50%)

…

… … … … … …

Timeline 2015-2016

Task Team to engage the GAW Scientific Advisory Groups and other users, to:

Have the observation requirements fully developed for the three application areas by autumn 2015,

Identify requirements for a set of priority variables that cut across application areas

Populate the WMO RRR database (part of OSCAR) for the above applications by the end of 2015

Next steps

Review the Statements of Guidance (gap analyses)

Inform the Vision for WIGOS surface/space components in 2040, and subsequent update of CGMS baseline

GAW to assist other WMO application areas in reviewing atmospheric composition requirements

GAW to regularly update the requirements for the three application areas (F, M, U), as part of the WMO Rolling Review Requirements process

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Meeting Goals

1) prioritization of the important parameters to support the three finalized application areas; 2) identification of requirements for a set of priority variables that cut across application areas; 3) further development of the associated observation requirements; 4) discuss/review atmospheric composition requirements in other WMO application areas (e.g., ag, climate change); and 5) discussion of plan to review/refine Statements of Guidance (gap analyses).

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Populating OSCARThe Task Team developed a strategy to begin the RRR process and to populate the OSCAR data base for the above applications. The process will engage the SAGs and the SSC. The committee started the process of identifying the atmospheric composition and related parameters needed to support the applications and began to fill out an Excel table with user requirements that will be used to populate the OSCAR data base after evaluation by the SAGs. The SAGs will be asked to discuss the application areas, including the sorts of specific applications that are important within the overarching application, and the parameters needed for the applications (making suggestions for adding and/or removing parameters) and continue filling out the tables of user requirements for the parameters that fall in their domain.

Thank you

for your

attention!

Context to check our progress – wrt to CAMS

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CAMS Model Products

on eight vertical levels (surface, 50m, 250m, 500m, 1000m, 2000m, 3000m, and

5000m above ground), • parameters provided : O3, NO2, NO, PM10,

PM2.5, SO2, CO, NH3, PANs, NMVOC and birch pollen for almost all models

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Example of Guidance for requirements

Appendix 1: GRUAN Observation Requirements Requirements Tables The following tables represent the climate observation

requirements for the GCOS Reference Upper Air Network (GRUAN), as defined at the Boulder workshop and through subsequent iterations. In the tables, the following criteria are used to characterize observations of each variable:

Each variable is given a priority ranking of 1, 2, 3, or 4, with 1 indicating the highest priority.

Measurement ranges are meant to cover the ranges likely to be encountered over the vertical range of interest, so that any proposed instrument or set of instruments would need to be able to operate throughout that range.

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Other apps

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