WizardofOz

Anthropomorphism

• “therationalizationofanimalorsystembehaviorthroughsuperposingaspectsofthehumanobserver.”

• “Havinganaturalisticembodimentisoftencitedasnecessaryformeaningfulsocialinteraction[18,82,140].”- Fongetal.

• “Theroleofanthropomorphismistofunctionasamechanismthroughwhichsocialinteractioncanbefacilitated.”

HowPeopleAnthropomorphizeRobotsSusanR.Fussell,SaraKiesler,LeslieD.Setlock,VictoriaYew,HRI2008

Theresultsclearlydemonstrateadisjuncturebetweenanthropomorphisminpeople’sspontaneous reactionstorobotsinsocialcontextandanthropomorphismintheirmorecarefully

considered conceptionsofrobotsintheabstract.

Inparticipants’freeformsummariesofhealthinterviews,theyusedwordstoexpresspositiveandnegativeemotions,cognitivemechanisms,andsocialinteraction equallymuchforroboticand

humaninterviewers.

…theirmorecarefullyreasonedresponsesinthepost-taskquestionnairerevealedamuchmoremechanicalview.Here,thevastmajorityofparticipantsinbothconditionsdeniedthatarobotcouldhavemoods,experiencefrustration,orpossess

feelings…

HowPeopleAnthropomorphizeRobotsSusanR.Fussell,SaraKiesler,LeslieD.Setlock,VictoriaYew,HRI2008

Embodiment

• Definessocialexpectations• Biasesinteraction• Constrainsthetypesofphysicalinteractions

zoomorphic anthropomorphiccaricature functional

Caricature

TofuRyanWistortCynthiaBreazealMITMediaLab

FunctionalDesign

Twendy OneSuganoLab,Waseda University

Caricature

KeeponHidekiKozimaandMarekMichalowski

Caricature/Zoomorphic

LeonardoCynthiaBreazealMIT

Anthropomorphic?Zoomorphic?

KismetCynthiaBreazealRodneyBrooksMIT

Anthropomorphic

EinsteinHansonRobotics

Anthropomorphic

EinsteinHansonRobotics

AnthropomorphicGeminoids

HiroshiIshiguroOsakaUniversity

SalientFeaturesofGeminoid

• Copyofexistinghumanbeing,ProfessorHiroshiIshiguro• Teleoperated – actionsandspeech• 50actuators• 13intheface• 15inthetorso• 22inthearmsandlegs

• Mimicsoperator’sconsciousandunconsciousmovements

“

”

WhenIfirstsawHI-1sittingstill,itwaslikelookinginamirror.However,whenitbeganmoving,itlookedlikesomebodyelse,andIcouldn’trecognizeitasmyself.

HiroshiIshiguro

“

”

WhileoperatingHI-1withtheoperationinterface,Ifindmyselfunconsciously

adaptingmymovementstothegeminoidmovements…Ifeltthat,notjustthe

geminoid butmyownbodyisrestrictedtothemovementsthatHI-1canmake.

HiroshiIshiguro

“

”

WhenavisitorpokesHI-1,especiallyarounditsface,Igetastrongfeelingofbeingpokedmyself.

HiroshiIshiguro

HRP4C,Hubo Einstein,RoboKind

Telenoid R1

CB2

PsychologicalbasisfortheUncannyValley

• Somestudiesshow:• Facial“attractiveness”(beauty)hasbiological/developmentalroots• Evidenceofuniversalneuro-teplates thathaveevolvedtodetectbeauty,illhealth,danger,and“unusualness”• Evensmalldeviationscanchangeafacefrombeautifultouglyordisturbing• Beautyanduglinesselicitconsistenthumanresponsesacrossgender,ageandculture

AttractiveCharacteristics

• Clearskin• Well-groomedhair• Largeexpressivefeatures• Baby-likefeatures(largeeyesandforehead,smallnoseandjaw)

UnattractiveCharacteristics

• Sicklyeyes• Badskin• Poorgrooming• Asymmetry• Anysignofillnessorinjury• Facialexpressionsassociatedwithpsychosisorterror

Peopleareespeciallysensitivetorealhumanfaces

Blacksolidline– strange/familiarReddashedline– eerinessMacDorman2006

Blacksolidline– strange/familiarReddashedline– eerinessMacDorman2006

UncannyMorph

NotUncannyMorph

Ishumanlikenessthemostsignificantfactorintheuncannyvalley?

• Hanson:• “…theattractively-tunedfigureswerefoundtobeconsistentlylowineerinessandhighinappeal.Thisstronglyimpliesthatreactionisatleastpartiallydecoupledfromrealism.Theseresultsalsoimplythat,withwell-tunedfaces,therecanexistacontinuumofappealinganthropomorphismacrosstherangeofrealism,thussupportingthehypothesisofnoinherentuncannyvalley.”

TheUncannyValley

LearningfromAnimation

Discussion

• Giventhechallengesofdesigninghuman-likerobots,aretheyworthit?Arethereapplicationsthatabsolutelyrequireanthropomorphicforms?

• Howcanwegoaboutstudyinguncannymotion?