with Preemies: Why “catchup” is for french fries Or…… What ......To summarize: Why...

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Problems with Preemies: Why “catchup” is for french fries Or…… What’s the rush? Penny Glass, PhD Developmental Psychologist Child Development Program Children’s National Health System

Transcript of with Preemies: Why “catchup” is for french fries Or…… What ......To summarize: Why...

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Problems with Preemies:  Why “catchup” is for french fries

Or……  What’s the rush? 

Penny Glass, PhDDevelopmental PsychologistChild Development Program

Children’s National Health System

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Objectives

• Identify the scope of the morbidity problem• Describe fundamental competency of fullterm infants from birth

• Contrast experience after preterm birth• Identify environmental and social risk factors which impact development. 

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Developmental Outcome VLBW

• Motor and mental handicap

• Learning disability (LD) more pervasive– Visual perception, – Visual motor integration– Language– Attention/Memory – Hyperactivity/self‐regulation– Social immaturity

10%

50%

(FT =10%)

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Scope of the Problem

• As mortality rate improves,– given the same morbidity rate….

• Result: increase in absolute number of children with developmental problems:– Controlling the muscles of their body– Paying attention to what is important

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Factors impacting child development

child and parent

Biological Predisposition

*Relative brain maturity

*Physical environment

Genetic factors

Relative brain damage

*Social environment

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Early human development at term:Biologically predisposed social beings:

• Recognize/prefer mom’s: – scent, taste, voice, language

• Equipped with: – “Innate releasers” 

– Root/suck, cling, nestle, cry, – Visual regard– Empathic distress

Fostered by: – Interactional synchrony

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Social Predisposition:   mirror neurons?

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Smile in response to a smile+ Mirror parent’s emotion

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Object permanence and impossible events…

(a) Object identity

(b) Follow the ball……

(c)  to the possible

(d)  and impossible….

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Social referencing

Looks for information in facial expression on whether to proceed or inhibit

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Picture to be a representation

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Mastery motivation:  just because it’s there….

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Preterm infant and disruption of parenting experience  

• “6 sticks of butter”

• physical separation

• vulnerable appearance

• disruption of biological clock

• change of itinerary

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Loss of Identity as Parent

• Nurse…Therapist….

Teacher…

• The feeling of – “not good enough”

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Problems of prematurity: 1.  Feeding issues/mixed signals2.  Controlling the muscles of their body2.  Not paying attention to what is important

Fullterm Preterm

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Parents  model their NICU experience

• NICU parenting is measured by: ‐amount consumed (cc’s)‐amount gained (grams)

• Post‐natal growth by chronological age means parent is ‐“not good enough”

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Corrected age is the“Real Age” 

for someone not readyto be born

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Correccted age helps ease the tendency to over‐feed… 

to make him “catch up”

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Mealtime routines are important moments for social engagement, attention,  & self‐regulation

enchanted disenchanted

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Sensory/Physical Environment gone overboard

OBSERVATION:• The more anxious the parents are about “catch‐up”, the more they seem to “over‐do”. 

• Terrified they may hold back development if they don’t do everything

• Excess early visual stimulation skips a milestone (hand regard) and delays visually directed reaching

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If  we do this because they can see it better, it’s equivalent to shouting

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Non‐contingent stimulation

impedes development

“Pattern” stimulation isequivalent to wallpaper 

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Let’s Animate!

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Messing with visually‐directed reach

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Let’s not forget “Tummy Time”!

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Objects should fall when a baby lets go.(visualize in relative adult size)

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Why should a child respond to their name when they “choose” whether or not to attend to TV/video input

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Practice increases the relative brain area….

Relative area of Motor cortex

Note the glazed expression…..

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Preparing to go for a walk

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Importance of mastery motivation and risks of “pushing” to catch up 

• Impact of excess reinforcement– loss of internal motivation – becomes overly dependent on adult– Stop repeated to wait for cheering squad rather than focus on the goal

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To summarize: Why “Catch‐up” is for french fries, not for preemies!

• Preemies do not need to develop at a faster rate than expected of a FT baby.

• Parental stress of a premature birth is further burdened by the pressure to get the baby to do more than they are ready for.

• Baby becomes overly reliant on adult support for a task that is too complex and skips the underlying skill development which would have led to independence.