with Istio and Kiali Introduction to service mesh · 2019-12-21 · Introduction to service mesh...
Transcript of with Istio and Kiali Introduction to service mesh · 2019-12-21 · Introduction to service mesh...
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Introduction to service mesh with Istio and Kiali
Alissa Bonas
mikeyteva
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Evolution of application architecture
How did we get to service mesh?
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Monolith application
Single unit of executable
= Application
=Single process
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Application modules
Application
Handle HTTP
requests
Data processingUI
Alerts
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Multiple processes
ApplicationUI
Data processing
Alerts
Handle HTTP
requests
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Microservices
Language agnostic
Scaled separately
Upgraded separately
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A shift in Application Packaging and Runtime
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Containerizing an app
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Run multiple containers
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● Run many containers on multiple hosts
● Scale - manage several instances (replicas)
of the same container
● Manage a container based environment
Orchestrate containers
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Container orchestration platforms
Kubernetes OKD
(Openshift)
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Kubernetes building blocks (some…)● Pod - a group of one or more containers, with shared
storage/network
● Deployment - manages pod definition and defines replicas of pods
● Service - an abstraction, an access point to a set of Pods
○ Sometimes called a microservice
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Replica 3
Microservices - the Kubernetes way
Service A
ServiceB
Replica 2
Pod
Pod Replica 1
Access point =
microserviceCode
Container
Container
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High Complexity
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Multiple points of failure
!!!
?
?
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Challenges● How are the requests routed between services?
● How do I detect failures and downtime?
● How to upgrade and test new versions of a service?
● Securing the communication
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Service mesh to the rescue
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What is a service mesh● Infrastructure/framework that handles communication
between services
● Often implemented as network proxies deployed
alongside the microservices
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Istio - Ιστίο
Open source service mesh
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The dry facts● Started in May 2017
● Means “sail” in Greek
● Developed in Go
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Istio features● Load balancing (HTTP, gRPC, TCP...)
● Traffic control (routing rules, retries, timeouts, fault
injection, mirroring)
● Secure service-to-service communication
● Access controls (authorization)
● Metrics and traces for traffic
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Important Terminology● Workload - anything owning/controlling pods (like a
Deployment) or the pods themselves
● Service - a microservice
● Application - label “app” on a pod/service
● Version - label “version” on a pod/service
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Before Istio
POD A
Container
Routing code
Circuit breaker code
Business logic code
POD B
Container2
Routing code2
Circuit breaker code2
Business logic code2
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Istio
POD A
Container
Routing code
Circuit breaker code
Business logic code
POD B
Container2
Routing code2
Circuit breaker code2
Business logic code2
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Sidecar Proxy● A proxy is deployed in a container next to each instance
of microservice (inside a pod)
● Container name: istio-proxy
● It is transparent to application code
● Envoy open source proxy is currently used
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How is the sidecar injected?● Manually
● Automatically injected to pod on creation○ kubectl label namespace default istio-injection=enabled
○ Mutating Admission Webhook is used for sidecar injection
○ Actually… 2 containers are injected: istio-init and istio-proxy
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Istio architecture
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Sidecar Proxy in Istio and Kubernetes
POD
Container
Business logic code
POD
Container
Business logic code
Sidecar container
Before Istio, no sidecar With sidecar
Routing code
Circuit breaker code
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With Istio - sidecar intercepts all traffic
Envoy sidecar
container
POD A
Sidecar container
Container
Business logic code
HTTP, TCP, TLS...
HTTP, TCP, TLS...
Envoy sidecar
container
POD C
Sidecar container
Container
Business logic code
Sidecar container
Container
Business logic code
Envoy sidecar
container
POD B
Sidecar container
Container
Business logic code
Configuration is transparent to the services and not part of the code
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Istio routing in Kubernetes
Service A
ServiceB
PodReplica 2
Pod
Pod Replica 1
Container
Container
Sidecar container Container
Sidecar container
Sidecar container
Communication is “Envoy to Envoy”bypassing the Kubernetes Service
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Different routing scenarios● A/B testing
● Traffic shifting○ Canary deployment (an example of traffic shifting)
● Mirroring traffic
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Weighted Routing with Istio - A/B
Service A
ServiceB
Replica 2
Pod Version 2
Pod
Pod Version 1Replica 1
50% traffic
50%traffic
Proportion of traffic routed to a version is independent of number of instances of that version
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Weighted Routing - Canary
Service A
ServiceB
Replica 2
Pod
Pod Version 2
Pod Version 1Replica 1
90% traffic
10%traffic
Proportion of traffic routed to a version is independent of number of instances of that version
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Matching Routing with Istio
Service A
ServiceB
Pod Version 1
Pod
Pod Version 2
All users
User Alissa
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Mirroring traffic
Service A
ServiceB
Pod Version 1
Pod
Pod Version 2
Copy of traffic
Response disregarded
Real traffic
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"Anything that can go wrong will go wrong"
(Murphy’s law)
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Chaos engineering with Istio● Inject delays
○ Simulate network latency○ Simulate an overloaded service
● Define aborts (Inject Errors)○ Simulate failure in a service (return a predefined HTTP Error)○ A good alternative for a manual shutdown or “scale to zero”
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Inject delay
Service A
ServiceB
Instance 2
Pod
PodVersion 2
PodVersion 1Instance 1
Add 7 secondsdelay to
response
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Inject Error
Service A
ServiceB
Instance 2
Pod
Pod Version 2
Pod Version 1Instance 1
Return Error 500 for user Alissa
Work as usual for all the users
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Circuit breaker● Set a connection pool to limit connections and requests● Example: “Set a connection pool of 100 connections with no more than 10
req/connection to service A”
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Outlier detection● Classify instances as healthy/unhealthy
● Eject unhealthy instances for a defined timeframe which
can be increased over time● Example: “Scan all pods every 5 mins, any instance that fails 7
consecutive times with 5XX error code will be ejected for 15 minutes.”
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Authorization and Authentication● Authentication
○ End user authentication (JSON Web Token (JWT) )○ Service to service authentication (mutual TLS)
■ Permissive mode is possible for flexible migration● Authorization
○ Can service <A> send <this request> to service <B> ?○ Roles are visible across namespaces○ ServiceRole and ServiceRoleBinding
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Security● Defining a Gateway ingress/egress to enable traffic
in/out of mesh
● Citadel monitors service accounts creation and creates a certificate for them
○ Certificates only in memory, sent to Envoy via SDS API
● mTLS can be defined on multiple levels○ Client and server exchange certificates, 2 way
○ All mesh, specific service, etc.
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Configuration objects• VirtualService != Kubernetes service
• Rules for how requests to a service are routed within service mesh
• Routing logic, load weighting, chaos injection
• DestinationRule• Configures policies to be applied to a request after VirtualService
routing has occurred
• Load balancer, circuit breaker
• MeshPolicy, Gateway, ServiceEntry and more...
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Configuration Yaml example
All Istio objects are CRD
(CustomResourceDefinition)
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New set of challenges● How many versions exist for service A?
● Is there any traffic now?
● Is routing configured for service B?
● Is my configuration valid?
● Is security on?
● Is the app healthy?
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Kiali - Κιάλι
Open source Istio service mesh observability
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Dry facts● Started in January 2018
● Means “spyglass” or “monocular” in Greek
● Developed in Go and React
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Kiali Features● Visualize mesh connections and traffic● Service and application health● Configure routing via UI● Validate Istio configurations● View metrics, traces and logs● Visualize security configuration
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A picture is worth a thousand yamls
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Demos based on Bookinfo example
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Let’s see Kiali in action● Mesh visualization
● Fault Injection
● Configuration Validation
● Configure routing rules
● Tracing
● Traffic stats
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Bookinfo example
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Bookinfo on Kiali
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Kiali Features
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Overview page
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Mesh Topology Graph
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Hide and Seek
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Details Page
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Viewing Logs
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Runtime metric dashboards
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Weighted Routing
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Configuration validations
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Tracing (integration with Jaeger)
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Visualizing security
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Connect with the communityKiali.io Istio.io
KialiProject IstioMesh
github.com/kiali github.com/istio
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Icon credits● Twitter by Lubos Volkov, the Noun Project
● Light Bulb by artworkbean, the Noun Project
● Magnifying Glass by Musket from the Noun Project
● Questions by Rediffusion from the Noun Project
● Mug by Alex Getty from the Noun Project● Diamond by MarkieAnn Packer from the Noun Project● Box by Cornelius Danger from the Noun Project
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Thank you!
mikeyteva
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Introduction to service mesh with Istio and Kiali
Alissa Bonas
mikeyteva