Wishing you all a joyful & Prosperous Dussehra · October 2015 Ar tic le Newsletter...
Transcript of Wishing you all a joyful & Prosperous Dussehra · October 2015 Ar tic le Newsletter...
The amount of data traffic on optical networks is continuously increasing. In the transport core,
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Vol. 4 Number 8 October 2015
Arti
cle
Newsletter
Paradigm shift from Electronics Domain to Optical Domain Device Development
Issue 4: Electronic Transistor to Optical Transistor
The transistor (trans + resistor i.e. transfer of current from low resistance to high resistance e.g. BJT) size has been projected to 5 nm (commercially) by
2020 (3 nm transistor was already developed in laboratory in year 2006 using FinFET technology,) which was invented in 1947 [1]. Electronic transistor
has been kept ruling from elementary stage since 1947 to modern electronic devices till date, however, in search of photonic ICs and optical computing,
developing optical transistor has been drawing attention of researchers to exploit the advantage of higher velocity of light (108 m/s) compared to drift
velocity of electron (105 m/s) for faster switching and computation [2]. Lesser power consumption is another attractive feature of optical transistor because
of absence of capacitance in connections among logic gates. There are several schemes reported in literature both at simulation and experimental
demonstration of optical transistors. Among them, few are (I): Soliton transistor [3], (ii): Micro ring resonator (MRR) and Cavity based optical transistor [4-
5], (iv): Cavity free system using Rydberg states [6],(vi) Excitons and exciton-polaritons based optical transistor[7-8], (vii): Photonic crystal and Raman
gain based [9], (viii): Nano-wire based optical transistors [10] etc. Various approaches have been adapted to model, fabricate and characterize the optical
transistors because an optimum optical transistor should be able to meet following criteria: (I): Cascadability, fan-out, logic level restoration, input/output
isolation, absence of critical biasing, logic level independent of loss [11]. Chen et al., [4] has reported a single gate photon (weak signal) based optical
transistor which can control source optical field signal consists of hundreds photons (strong signal). He has used a high fineness optical cavity with low
absorption and an optical quantum memory for later retrieval of atom.
The figure 1 shows the model of optical transistor using quantum electrodynamics (QED) cavity based on Electromagnetically Induces transparency (EIT)
in a four level system as reported by Chen et al. [4]. That system consists of optically trapped, ensemble of laser-cooled cesium atoms in a high-finesse
optical cavity functioning in strong interaction region of QED cavity. In that, one photon at gate blocks the resonator transmission. When control laser power
becomes zero, the weak gate signal is stored inside the atomic ensemble and it can be retrieved later by re-applying laser control beam without heat
References:[1]. J. Sander et al., “Room-temperature transistor based on a single carbon nanotube” available at: doi: 10.1038/29954[2]: J. Volz and A. Rauschenbeutel, “Triggering an Optical Transistor with One Photon”, DOI: 10.1126/science.1242905[3]: J. Bethge et al., “Solitonic Transistor in the Optical Event Horizon” doi:10.1364/CLEO_SI.2011.CMJ6[4]: W. Chen et al., “All-Optical Switch and Transistor Gated by One Stored Photon”, available at: 10.1126/science.1238169[5]: Q. Minghao et al., Optical Diodes and Transistors on a Silicon Chip “, DOI: 10.1364/FIO.2012.FW6C.6[6]: H. Gorniaczyk et al., “Single-Photon Transistor Mediated by Interstate Rydberg Interactions”, http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.053601[7]: Y. Y. Kuznetsova et al., “All-optical excitonic transistor”doi: 10.1364/OL.35.001587[8]: D. Ballarini et al., “All-optical polariton transistor “, doi: 10.1038/ncomms2734[9]: V. G. Arkhipkin and S. A. Myslivets,” All-optical transistor using a photonic-crystal cavity with an active Raman gain medium” http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.88.033847[10]: B. Piccione et al., “All-optical active switching in individual semiconductor nanowires” doi:10.1038/nnano.2012.144[11]: D. A. B. Miller, “Are optical transistors the logical next step? “DOI:10.1038/nphoton.2009.240
Dr. Subhash C. Arya
Gate (free-space)
Mode
Source (Cavity)
Mode
Control beam
Dg
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Fig. 1. Model of Optical Transistor [Ref. 4] Fig. 2. Optical Transistor’s function as
storage,switching and retrieval [Ref. 4]
Dear ReadersDear Readers
Wishing you all a joyful & Prosperous DussehraWishing you all a joyful & Prosperous Dussehra
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Our Engineers were on tour to Dhaka to showcase current trends in optical communication and how LIGHT RUNNER helps in bridging academics and industry. As part of tour, series of demonstration in various Engineering colleges were carried out. Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, East West University, North South University and major Telecom Companies like Grameenphone(Telenor Group), Mango Teleservices Limited, Summit Group, Paradise Group of Industries and few other places were venues of events in Bangladesh.