Wireless Systems Technology Overview

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Wireless Systems

Appendix AWireless Technologies

Tomasz Halapacz


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Wireless Technologies

Wireless Personal Area Networks

Wireless Local Area Network

Wireless Metropolitan AreaNetwork

Wireless Wide Area Network

Varies in terms of transmissionrange

Up to 1m

from 1m to 10m

From 10 to 500m

From 500 to 20-50 km

Beyond 50km

WWAN

802.16e-802.20

WMAN

802.16

WLAN

802.11

WPAN

802.15


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Image Source:

http://static.commentcamarche.net/en.kioskea.net/pictures/wireless-images-wpan-wlan-wman-wwan.png


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WPANs

Low cost

Low power

Short distance

High Data Rate

Peer discovery is essential

Initially adopted Bluetooth but inefficient

UltraWideband is promising:

broader spectrum, lower power, and pulseddata


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WPAN

Bluetooth

ZigBee

Infrared


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WLAN

A WLAN provides a wider range of connectivity withhigher data rate than that of WPAN and WBAN Infrastructure mode: requires an AP and provide access to

Internet backbone Ad hoc mode: peer-to-peer communication

Typical applications: hot spots, buildings

Requirements of a WLAN

High capacity Full connectivity among the attached nodes Broadcasting capability


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WLAN


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WMAN

WMAN provides a broadband andfast access (higher data rate) witheven wider range than that of WLAN

IEEE802.16: WIMAX Support multiple services simultaneously

with QoS

IPv4, IPv6, ATM, ETHERNET Support multiple frequency allocation

(2-66GHz)

Point-to-multipoint topology with meshextension

BS is connected to public networks

BS serves subscriber stations (building,residence)

Link adaptation

Support for advanced antenna systems


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Wireless Medium

Remote connectivity anywhere

Radio waves Sattelites

Microwave

Laser [free space optics]


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Wireless uses

Common examples of wireless devicesinclude:

Cellular phones and pagers

Global positioning systems (GPS)

Cordless computer peripherals

Home-entertainment

Two-way radios

Satellite television


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Wireless vs Mobile

Mobile means the technology cantravel with the user, but it is notnecessarily in real-time(Rumney, 2009

Wireless gives users a live (Internet)

connection via satellite or radiotransmitters (Holma, 2010)


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MOBILITY ASPECTS

FIXED

NOMADIC

MOBILE can be accessed everywhere

Image Source: http://www.hyperarts.com/san-francisco-bay-area-design-company/_img/broadstorm_lg.jpg


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Introduction to MOBILE

BROADBAND

Mobile broadband

High speed data service

Mobility

BroadBand

Mobile Broadband also known as 3G


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Voice +High-speed

data

Background

1G

2G

2.5G

3G

voice

voice + data

voice and data simultaneously


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Background

CDMAcode division multiple access

Popular in USA

3GPP2

GSMglobal system for mobilecommunications

Popular in Europe

3GPP


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Technology Technologies used in Mobile

Broadband 2G - GSM

GPRS2.5G

EDGE2.75G

3G UMTS/WCDMA

HSPA

LTE3.5G

4G? Mobile WiMAX

LTE-Advanced(3GPP, 2010)


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3G/UMTS/WCDMA

Air Interface for 3G evolution

Services Available

Music TV and video Entertainment content Internet access

offers data speeds up to 384kb/s alongwith voice services.


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HSPA/HSPA+

HSPA- High Speed Packet Access

HSDPA - High Speed Downlink Packet Access

HSUPA - High Speed Uplink Packet Access

HSPA+/HSPA Evolved

Max 14.4 Mbpsdownload and

5.7MbpsUpload

up to 21Mbps


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4G

4G mobile broadband will be capable of

speeds between 100Mbps and 1Gbps

available in both outdoor and indoor

environments. 4G broadband will be fully IP-based over a

fully integrated system.

http://www.laptopmag.com/uploadedImages/Multimedia_Assets/Images/2008/Advice/warpspeedwireless_sh.jpg


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WiMAX

Available today

OFDM Separate evolution

Mobility 120km/h

No roaming

LTE

UK2014

OFDM GSM Evolution (3GPP)

Mobility 350km/h

Roaming

Lower powercomsumption

LTE- Advancedup to1Gbs

www.goingwimax.com/wp-content/uploads/wimax-vs-lte1.jpg


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LTE DEPLOYMETS

blue marker to show actual deployment

red marker show commitments

LTE WORLDWIDE MAPhttp://ltemaps.org
http://ltemaps.org/http://ltemaps.org/


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Characteristics

User perspective:

Coverage

Capacity

Speed


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Coverage and speed

Dependants:

Distance from mobile tower

Number of people online in same area Other obstacle like tall & high buildings,

room walls & trees

You can check coverage for all of theproviders

http://consumers.ofcom.org.uk/2009/08/mobile-broadband-coverage-checker/
http://consumers.ofcom.org.uk/2009/08/mobile-broadband-coverage-checker/http://consumers.ofcom.org.uk/2009/08/mobile-broadband-coverage-checker/http://consumers.ofcom.org.uk/2009/08/mobile-broadband-coverage-checker/http://consumers.ofcom.org.uk/2009/08/mobile-broadband-coverage-checker/http://consumers.ofcom.org.uk/2009/08/mobile-broadband-coverage-checker/http://consumers.ofcom.org.uk/2009/08/mobile-broadband-coverage-checker/http://consumers.ofcom.org.uk/2009/08/mobile-broadband-coverage-checker/http://consumers.ofcom.org.uk/2009/08/mobile-broadband-coverage-checker/http://consumers.ofcom.org.uk/2009/08/mobile-broadband-coverage-checker/http://consumers.ofcom.org.uk/2009/08/mobile-broadband-coverage-checker/


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Factors to consider

What you will be using mobile broadbandfor?

Download allowance

Coverage

Contract/Pay and Go?

Cost


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Providers

Vodafone mobile broadband

T-Mobile broadband Orange mobile broadband

3 mobile broadband

O2 mobile broadband


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Speed in UK

Number of Speed Tests: 11,348Average Download Speed: 1.24Mbps

http://www.broadband-expert.co.uk/broadband/speedtest/results/mobile-broadband-avera e-s eeds


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VIDEO

The Evolution of Mobile broadband byST Ericsson
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TFuCrD3AGHMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TFuCrD3AGHMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TFuCrD3AGHMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TFuCrD3AGHM


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Introduction to Microwave

Microware transmitterusesthe atmosphere or outerspace as the transmissionmedium to send a signal to amicrowave receiver whichpasses it on to anothertransmitter or translates thesignal to some other formsuch as digital impulses.


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Microwave

Secure

Reliable

Cost effective solution for longdistance connectivity (up to 70miles)


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WiMax Overview

Enable standards-based broadbandwireless services in

residential,

commercial,

industrial

government applications


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Wimax vs Requirements for High

speed Broadband

Easy-to-use

Affordable

Works on variety user device form-factors

Supports multiple usage models

Deliver broadband experience similar tofixed

Supports different operator types

Global roaming


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Benefits

Wimax Coverage

Wimax High Speed

Multi-functionality within WimaxTechnology


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Why Wimax

Delivers wireless broadband anytime,anywhere

Internet technology from the ground up

One common standard delivers a globalplatform for mobile Internet services

Delivers the highest capacity andgreatest throughput at the lowest cost -OFDMA


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WiMAX

WiMAX - is a telecommunicationstechnology aimed at providing wirelessdata over long distances in a variety of

ways, from point-to-point links to full mobilecellular type access

A WiMAX system consists of two parts:

A WiMAX tower

A WiMAX receiver


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WiMax Connection

A WiMAX tower stationcan connect directly tothe Internet using a high-bandwidth, wired

connection (for example,a fibre line).

It can also connect toanother

WiMAX tower using a

line-of-sight, microwave link.

ttp://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/wimax-diagram.gif


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Laser Technology

Free Space Optics


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Laser Benefits

Leased line replacement

Cost Effective Fibre replacement

High bandwidths available up to 10Gigabit

Licence free operation

Cost effective solution Rapid deploymentless than a day


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Laser Disadvantages

Dispersion

Atmospheric absorption

Attenuation (rain, fog,snow,smog)


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Laser

Laser link solutions

Access range: up to 155Mbps, up to4000 metres

Gigabit range: up to 1.5Gbps, up to1500 metres


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Case Study

Siemens researchers have improvedon their own record for wireless datatransfer using white LED light. In

collaboration with the Heinrich HertzInstitute in Berlin, they have achieveda data transfer rate of up to 500

megabits per second (Mbit/s),significantly bettering the previousrecord of 200 Mbit/s


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Satellite Communication


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Sattelite Communication

Using a satellite for long distancecommunications

http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/satellite/communications_satellite/satellitecommunications-basics-tutorial.php


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SATTELITE TECHNOLOGIES

Location-based services (LBS)

GPS - Global Positioning System

GIS - Geographic information system


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Global Positioning System (GPS)

G hi i f i


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Geographic information system

(GIS)

http://appserver.mnre.go.th/portals/cict/gis/gis_service/cict_gis_service.files/gis-solutions-wheel.gif

Common GIS uses:Finding what is nearbyRouting information

Information alertsMapping densities high crime areasfor policeMapping quantities: number of similarbusinesses in an area


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Sensors


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RFID Radio frequency identification (RFID) - use active or

passive tags in the form of chips or smart labels that canstore unique identifiers and relay this information toelectronic readers

RFID tag - contains a microchip and an antenna, andtypically work by transmitting a serial number via radiowaves to an electronic reader, which confirms the

identity of a person or object bearing the tag


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Cons and Pros

Advantage: extremely low cost, largeexperience, high volume available, nopower for passive RFIDs needed, large

variety of products,

Disadvantage: no QoS, simple denial

of service,


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RFID Functionality

Function Standard: In response to a radio interrogation signal

from a reader (base station) the RFID tags transmittheir ID

Enhanced: additionally data can be sent to the tags,

different media access schemes (collision avoidance) Features

No line-of sight required (compared to, e.g., laserscanners)

RFID tags withstand difficult environmental conditions

(sunlight, cold, frost, dirt etc.) Products available with read/write memory, smart-

card capabilities


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RFID Applications

Applications Total asset visibility: tracking of goods during

manufacturing, localization of pallets, goods etc.

Loyalty cards: customers use RFID tags for

payment at, e.g., gas stations, collection ofbuying patterns

Automated toll collection: RFIDs mounted inwindshields allow commuters to drive through tollplazas without stopping

Others: access control, animal identification,tracking of hazardous material, inventory control,warehouse management, ...


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Benefit

Local Positioning Systems

GPS useless indoors or underground,

problematic in cities with high buildings

RFID tags transmit signals, receivers

estimate the tag location by measuring

the signals time of flight


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