Wireless Sensors and Sensor Networks

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Wireless Sensors and

Sensor Networks

Vivek Roy,3rd Year,

Department of Instrumentation and Electronics

Engineering,Jadav ur Universit .


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The most profound technologies are thosethat disappear. They weave themselvesinto the fabric of everyday life until theyare indistinguishable from it.

- The late Mark Weiser, Father of UbiquitousComputing and Chief Technologist of Xerox

PARC


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Smart environments representthe next evolutionary

development step in building,

utilities, industrial, home,shipboard, and transportationsystems automation.


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Applications of WSN.

Environmental monitoring: Animal tracking,forest surveillance, flood detection and weathermonitoring.

Wireless monitoringequipment atSpringbrook.


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Environmental monitoring

GlacialMonitoringsystem in

Norway


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Healthcare

Body Sensor Network


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History

Began as Distributed Sensor Network(DSN) asa project initiated by DARPA.

The concept of sensing nodes was introduced.

The nodes worked autonomously. Ambitious project at that time.

Technology components of DSN includedsensors, communication and processing

modules and distributed software. Carnegie Mellon University(CMU) developed acommunication based operating system calledAccent


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History

The first proper demonstration of DNS was byMIT when it developed a helicopter trackingsystem in 1984.

The sensors were large(shoe box size).

The concept of wireless arrived only 1998.

Smaller size, cheaper cost and low powerconsumption has made it suitable for civilianpurposes.

And today it is viewed as one of the mostimportant technologies of the 21st century.


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Is it worth it?Ease of implementation; nolong cable runs.

Ability to operate in harshenvironments

Easy troubleshooting andrepair

High levels of performance.


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NODES

Microcontroller

Data Storage Sensor

ADC

Data

Transreceiver Controller

NODES


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DataAcquisition

Network

DataDistribution

Network

WirelessSensorNetwork


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WSN in ProcessIndustries

No wiring constraints. Easy maintenance.

Reduced cost of cabling.

Better performance


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asses o re ess ne wor sfrom an industrial point of

view Class 5: Monitoring without operationalconsequences.

Class 4: Monitoring with short time operationalconsequences.

Class 3: Covers open loop control applications.

Class 2: Consists of closed loop supervisory control

Class 1: Closed loop regulatory control, includesmotor and axis control as well as primary flow andpressure control.

Class 0: Defines emergency actions


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A wired process control

arrangement

CONTROLLER

CONTROL ROOM

TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTER VALVE POSITIONER


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implementation of the same using

Wireless Sensor Networks(or WSN)


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Wellhead and Heat ExchangerMonitoring on StatoilHydro

Offshore Platform This wireless system was

implemented in Grane offshoreplatform, located in the NorwegianSea off the coast of Bergen andNorway.

Not only was it required to install the

transmitters in harsh and hard toreach places, but it was crowded withmetal pipe work, metal walkways as

well as other metal obstructions.


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Features of the system

A total of 22 pressure Rosemount pressuretransmitters were installed to replace traditionalgauges.

10 were mounted on the wellhead to measureannular pressure.

12 of them were installed to measure the inletpressure and pressure drop over the well.

A gateway was mounted outside the processarea on one side of the platform at heightoverseeing all the transmitters.


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Temperature measurement in

a moving drum.


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Challenges in

measuring temperatureMinimizing the cost of cabling.

Improving the overall reliabilityof the system.

Many temperature sensorsneed to be mounted, increasing

the complexity and cost.


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Wireless limit switch manufactured by Honeywell


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WirelessHART


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Components of

WirelessHARTWireless field devices connected to

process or plant equipment.

Gateways enable communication

between these devices and hostapplications.

Network Manager is responsible for

configuring the network,.


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Features of WirelessHART

Mesh connection allows more devices tobe easily added.

Uses IEEE 802.15.4 compatible radios

operating in the 2.4GHz Industrial,Scientific, and Medical radio band.

Employs direct-sequence spectrumspread technology(DSSS) and channelhopping.

TDMA synchronized and latencycontrolled communications between

devices.

Th th id f th


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The other side of the

debate

Security Extremely complicatedsystem


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Wireless Sensors and Sensor Networks

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