SEMINAR ONWIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION Via

SOLAR POWER SATELLITE

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:R.S GARU PRAVEEN NAYAK BHUKYA

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERINGELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT Y14MTEEE914

CONTENTS

• Brief study of WPT• Introduction to SPS• How SPS works• Flow chart of solar power transmission• Overview of system design• Advantages & Disadvantages• Conclusion • References

WHAT IS WPT ???

• The transmission of energy from one place to another without using wires.

• Conventional energy transfer is using wires.

• But the wireless transmission is made possible by using various technologies.

• This Phenomena is also known as ‘Witricity’.

HISTORY OF WPT

• Nikola Tesla in late 1890’s gave the concept of Witricity.

• He was able to transfer energy from one coil to another coil.

• He managed to light 200 lamps from a distance of 40 km.

• The idea of Tesla is taken into research after 100 years by a team led by Marin Soljacic from MIT.

WHY NOT WIRES???

• As per the studies , most electrical energy transfer is through wires.

• Most of the energy loss is during transmission.

• On an average , more than 30%.

• In India, it exceeds 40%.

WHY WPT???

• Reliable

• Efficient

• Fast

• Low maintenance cost

• Can be used for short range as well as long range

IS WPT SAFE???

• Human beings or other objects placed between the transmitter and receiver do not hinder the transmission of power.

• Magnetic field tend to interact very weakly with the biological tissues of the body, and so are not prone to cause any damage to any living being.

WPT BASICS

There are mainly 3 types of wireless energy transfer

1.Short Range –Inductive Coupling

2.Medium range-Resonant Induction

3.Long Range Power Transfer-Electromagnetic wave

TYPES OF WPT

• Ground based power transmission

• Space based power transmission

• Space based power transmission is preferred over ground based power transmission because :-

1.Energy is available 24 hours a day.

2.No storage required for nighttime power.

3.The energy available in space is 4 -5 times than on earth.

4.No long winter nights, no storms, no cloudy seasons.

INTRODUCTION TO SPS

• The SPS is a gigantic satellite designed as an electric power plant orbiting the geostationary earth orbit.

• It consists of mainly three segments solar energy collector to convert the solar energy into DC electricity, DC to microwave converter and larger antenna array to beam down the microwave power to the ground.

WHY SPS???

• Increasing global energy demand.

• Environmental problems due to fossil fuels.

• To overcome energy crisis.

• Overcome day and night effect and other factors such as cloud.

HOW SPS WORKS???

FLOW CHART OF SOLAR POWER TRANSMISSION

OVERVIEW OF SYSTEM DESIGN

• Solar Panel

• Spacetenna (antenna on satellite)

• Rectenna (rectifying antenna)

SOLAR PANEL

• Set of solar photovoltaic modules electrically connected and mounted on a supporting structure.

• Photovoltaic module is a packaged , connected assembly of solar cells.

• Solar panels use photons(light energy) from sun to generate electricity through photovoltaic effect.

• Solar panels were first used in space in 1958.

SPACETENNA(ANTENNA ON SATELLITE)

• Spacetenna is a triangular prism with a length of 800 m and sides of 100 m.

• The faces of prism are embedded with photovoltaic cells .These cells would convert solar energy into electricity, which in turn power onboard , Microwave Generator.

• The microwave thus produced travels through atmosphere & collected by RECTENNAS on earth.

RECTENNA(RECTIFYING ANTENNA)

• An antenna comprising a mesh of dipoles and diodes for absorbing microwave energy from a transmitter and converting it into electric power.

• Microwaves are received with about 85% efficiency.

• 95% beam will fall on the Rectenna.

5000 MW RECEIVING STATION IN USA

ADVANTAGES• The realization of the SPS concept holds great promises for

solving energy crisis.

• No fuel required.

• Unlimited energy resource.

• Zero Carbon-dioxide emission.

• Solar energy can be more efficiently collected in space.

• Elimination of plant and wildlife interference.

DISADVANTAGES

• The main drawback of solar power energy transfer from orbit is the storage of electricity during off peak demand hours.

• Interference with communication satellites.

• The entire structure is massive.

• High cost and require much time for construction.

• Risks involved with malfunction.

CONCLUSION

• More reliable than ground based solar power.

• In order for SPS to become a reality several things have to happen:

1.Government Support

2.Cheaper launch prices

3.Involement of private sectors

REFERENCES• Ralph H. Nansen solar power industries “WIRELESS POWER

TRANSMISSION :The key to solar power satellites” IEEE AES system magazine , January 1996.

• Brown, W. C., “Beamed microwave power transmission and its application to space”, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech.,vol.40.

• Kaya, N., S. Ida, Y. Fujino, and M. Fujita, “Transmitting antenna system for airship demonstration of Space Energy and Transportation” IEEE Vol.1.

• Hatsuda, T., K. Ueno, M. Inoue, “Solar power satellite interference assessment”, IEEE, Vol. 3, No. 4, Dec. 2002

• Transmission Technology”, IEEE Microwave Magazine, December 2002.