Wireless Networks and Power Quality

Wireless Networks and PowerQuality

Will installing wireless networking change myback-up power requirements?

What data do I need to know in order todetermine my wireless network back-up powerrequirements?

What other issues should I consider whensizing/selecting power quality equipment?

What are some of the new back-up powerproducts and ideas available to help with theissues?


Will installing wireless networking change myback-up power requirements?

Most likely yes for the following reasons.


Wireless AccessNetworks useapproximately (5) -(10) times the powerper user.Baliga, et al., “Energy Consumption inWired and Wireless Access Networks”,IEEE Communications Magazine, June2011, pp 71-77.


Wireless Networkshave distributedback-up powerrequirements.

Units requiringback-up power willbe spread throughthe buildings aswell as betweenbuildings


Wireless devicesdo not detectpower failure ofaccess points orremote modemsvery quickly.


Back-up power forwireless networkdevices will requirelong run times orgenerators in orderto support voice,PDAs, monitoring,security and otherpossibly unexpectedcritical applications.


PDAs and Smartphones insure that nearlyevery network will support some voiceapplications.

Point to point wireless to bring data, phone,monitoring and security to remote buildingsand/or locations is one of the main reasons toinstall wireless at many locations.

New wireless devices are being introduced forretro-fitting in order to support new regulationsand enhance life safety at facilities.


What do I need to know in order to determinemy wireless network back-up powerrequirements?Basically, you need a plan.There is no one right answer but there are somebasic steps to follow. It helps if you have apower distribution strategy when designing thenetwork.


Step 1: Power Distribution Strategy Identify rooms/closets, equipment in the closets

and the point to point connection betweenclosets.

Determine a “network closet/server room” UPSstrategy.

Determine the type and rating of poweravailable in each room. For example 208-120V,3PH+N+G, 200A.


Step 1: Power Distribution Strategy Determine how to get back-up power to devices

remote from the rooms.AC power feeds from the room UPSs.

– Lower UPS, switch and battery cost.– Easier to provide UPS redundancy.– Do not have to maintain remote batteries.– High wiring infrastructure cost.


Step 1: Power Distribution Strategy Determine how to get back-up power to devices

remote from the rooms.POE power feeds from the room UPSs.

– Lower UPS, switch and battery cost.– Easier to provide UPS redundancy.– Do not have to maintain remote batteries.– Distance limitation is 300ft maximum.– Lower infrastructure wiring cost.


Step 1: Power Distribution Strategy Determine how to get power to devices remote

from the rooms.Dedicated UPS.

– Higher UPS and battery cost.– UPS redundancy more difficult.– Remote batteries complicate maintenance.– Infrastructure wiring cost is lower.– It can be difficult to find a location for the UPS.


Step 2: Inventory and Categorize Loads Put together a list of every device in the network

and its power requirements average power,average KVA and Peak KVA. Include serverloads and other loads if using a common UPS.

Determine which loads need to be on stand-bypower.

Divide them into load centers by location. Determine minimum runtimes for each device.


Step 2: Inventory and Categorize Loads Breakout devices with long runtimes from short

runtime devices. Only size your generator orextended battery packs for devices requiring along runtime.

Determine the layout of UPSs and modifynetwork designs if necessary to accommodatedistribution.

Make a physical layout of the devices ifnecessary.


Step 3: Configure, Size and Select UPS Identify loads by UPS Identify available power for connecting the UPS Identify UPS runtime requirements. Identify redundancy requirements. Identify spare capacity and growth

requirements. Calculate the required UPS power and select

the UPS model.


Case Study: Industrial Systems IntegratorOriginal:

- One building with shop.- Battery backed VoIP Phone System.- Servers and hardwired network switches/router on

back-up power. Servers/Switches are (10) minutes(1200W) and network router is 30 minutes (100W)

- Only wireless is ad hoc WiFi routers through out theoffices and shop.

- One data closet with servers and network switches.


Case Study: Industrial Systems IntegratorNew:

- Two buildings separated with by 1/8 mile and road withtwo main data closets one in each building.

- Point to Point wireless to provide voice, data andsecurity in the new building.

- Wireless Point to Point and Switches/Routers supportingVoIP require (60) minutes of battery back-up

- Servers and Office/Shop Network both (wireless andwired) require (10) minutes of battery back-up.

- Wireless Access Points to be POE connected. Wirelessaccess to be available in all office and shop areas.


Case Study: Industrial Systems IntegratorNetwork Power:

- Main Data Closet UPS to support 250W proxyserver, 150W point to point radio modem, and 90WWAN modem/switch. Requires (60) minute runtime.

- One UPS to support (2) legacy data servers (750W),data switches (150W) and (3) new POE switches fornew access points in the main building offices(1100W). Each new switch supports (12) WirelessAccess Points (25W each). Requires (10) runtime.

- One UPS to support new POE switch with (9)wireless access points for the shop/outdoor wireless.



- New Building Data Closet UPS to 150W point topoint radio modem, and POE 200W network switch(phones and link). Requires (60) minute run time.

- One UPS to support new POE switch with (12)wireless access points for the office/shop/outdoorwireless. (400W with 10 minute run time)



- Total of (5) UPSs.- UPS #1 - 490W nominal load - 60 minute run time- UPS #2 - 2000W nominal load - 10 minute run time- UPS #3 - 250W nominal load - 10 minute run time- UPS #4 - 350W nominal load - 60 minute run time- UPS #5 - 400W nominal load – 10 minute run time

SIMPLIFIED DIAGRAM


UPS #1

UPS #2

UPS #3

Switch #1

Switch #2

WANVoIP PBX

Radio Radio

Switch #6 UPS #4

Switch #7 UPS #5

Switch #3 APs

APsAPs

MAIN BUILDING SATELLITE

Switch #4

Switch #5

Phones


What other issues should I consider whensizing/selecting power quality equipment? Add 5% power loss for POE connected equipment.

Determine a power factor. Around 0.93 leading is typical forserver and network equipment power supplies. Make sure theUPS can handle leading power factor and the meet both kWand KVA loading requirements.

Account for largest peak load of a single device in the KVA.

After accounting for the above factors, size the UPS for 50% to70% loading to allow for future expansion.

If the UPS has a modular battery system, size the batteries,based on average load including expected POE losses.


What other issues should I consider whensizing/selecting power quality equipment? What type of UPS is required? Double Conversion, Line

Interactive or Passive Standby. Minimum acceptableefficiency?

What type of power is available? Voltage, Frequency andPhases.

Will the UPS require a transformer?

Hot Swappable Batteries

Bypass switch configuration

Communications


Applying Factors from previous two slides:UPS #2

• POE loss is 50W and rated power for battery sizing is2050W.

• The expected average kVA is 2050/0.93 = 2204VA• The peak instantaneous load of a POE Switch is

800VA/720W vs 400VA/375W average and for a Server700VA/630W vs 320VA/300W so add 400VA/345W for peakload or 2620VA/2395W

• Sized at 50% for expansion 5.24kVA/4.69kW• Sized at 70% for expansion 3.8kVA/3.4kW


Applying Factors from previous two slides:UPS #2

• The location has a 240 single phase 30A outlet, (2) – 120Vsingle phase 20A outlets and (4) – 120VAC single phase15A outlets available

• Specify a 4kVA to 6kVA UPS with a 0.9 leading power factoroutput without de-rating, 240 single phase input (L6-30P),240/120 Split phase (integral transformer) with a L14-30Rand 5-20R output receptacles, a LAN based web serverinterface and (10) minute runtime at 2050W.


What new product trends are bydata/communication closets?• Rack mount line Interactive and double conversion 120V

single phase UPSs with extended battery modules (0.5kVAto 3kVA)

• Rack mount 208/220/240V-120 split phase UPSs withextended battery modules (5kVA to 11kVA and highefficiency)

• Rack mount 208-120V (400-230V) three phase UPSs withextended battery modules (8kVA to 60kVA with highefficiency.)

• Rack mount power distribution and monitoring.

Single Phase ProductPositioning and application overview

BladeUPS - OverviewEfficiency: 8kW to 60kW with >97% efficiency

will help reduce power and coolingrequirements.

Flexibility & Scalability: Ability to flex the powersystem to meet changing businessrequirements.

Reliability: Highest reliability design, usingproven technology from mega data center UPSdesigns… made easy for the IT end user.

Power Density: 60kW N+1 in a single 19”enclosure, maximizes datacenter space forrevenue generating business requirements

Wireless Networks and Power Quality

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