Wireless Internet Research at UHelsinki and HIIT

SAHARA Retreat, Santa Cruz © Kimmo Raatikainen June 4, 2003

Wireless Internet ResearchWireless Internet Researchat UHelsinki and HIITat UHelsinki and HIIT

Kimmo RaatikainenUniversity of Helsinki, Department of Computer Science

Helsinki Institute for Information Technology

kimmo.raatikainen@{cs.helsinki.fi,hiit.fi}

http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/Kimmo.Raatikainen/

SAHARA Retreat, Santa Cruz, June 14, 2003 Kimmo Raatikainen 2

Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline

• Organizations in nutshell– HIIT: Helsinki Institute for Information Technology

– Nodes: Group for Distributed Systems and Data Communications at the Department of Computer Science in the University of Helsinki

• Wireless Internet Vision• Nodes activities• Fuego Core project

– Middleware for Mobile Wireless Internet

• Final Message


HIIT in NutshellHIIT in Nutshell

• Joint research institute owned by Helsinki University of Technology and University of Helsinki

– California equivalence: joint venture of Stanford and UC Berkeley located next to Bell Stadium

• Two units: ARU and BRU• About 100 researchers• ARU: Advanced Research Unit

– Mobile Computing Group (Prof. Kimmo Raatikainen)

– Intelligent Systems (Prof. Henry Tirri)

– Digital Economy (Prof. Jukka Kemppinen)

– Media Convergence (Prof. Petri Vuorimaa)

• http://www.hiit.fi/


University of HelsinkiUniversity of HelsinkiDepartment of Computer ScienceDepartment of Computer Science

UNIVERSITY

• Founded in Turku in 1640, moved to Helsinki in 1828

• Largest university in Finland

• Nine Faculties:

– Theology, Law, Medicine, Arts, Science, Education, Social Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry, Veterinary Medicine

DEPARTMENT• Founded in 1967

• Part of the Faculty of Science

• Staff (2002)– Professors 13+2

– Researchers 81

– Teachers 36+58

– Other staff 15


Department of Computer ScienceDepartment of Computer Science

SUB-PROGRAMMES

1) Computer Science

2) Applied Computer Science

3) Teacher in Computer Science

4) Professional upgrading programme

SECTIONS IN CS

1) Algorithms

2) Intelligent Systems

3) Software Engineering

4) Distributed Systems and Data Communications

5) Information Systems







• Final Message


What Is Wireless Internet?What Is Wireless Internet?

• Various visions proposed• Mark Weiser spoke about invisible computing and

ubiquitous computing• Leonard Kleinrock speaks about nomadic computing• Satyanarayanan speaks about pervasive comupting• CEC speaks about ambient intelligence• Wireless World Research Forum speaks about

adaptable personalised ambient-aware services


What is Wireless Internet?What is Wireless Internet?

• Nobody really knows today but• more than Internet access from mobile devices• incresed intelligence in the network

– but AI has failed many times

• most probably a combination (not a union) of all published visions


Future Mobile ApplicationsFuture Mobile Applications

• communication characteristics– The most significant feature will be diversity

– All kinds of applications will be in use

– QoS requirements and communication patterns will be numerous

– Some applications will also adjust their behaviour according to the properties of connectivity

– Future mobile terminals will have a few applications simultaneously active.

– Some terminals will also be able to use different access technologies either simultaneously or one at a time


Research ChallengesResearch Challenges

1. Adaptability

2. Efficient and ”always on” connectivity over wireless links

3. Distribution, partitioning, reconfiguration

4. Context-awareness

5. Mobile distributed information base


Internet protocol suite:SIP, SLP, IMPP, …

SMTP, IMAP, HTTP, BEEP, CPIM, …TCP, UDP, DCCP, SCTP, RTP, …

DiffServ, mRSVP, MIPv6, IPSec, IKE, AKA, …IPv6, DNS, DHCP, multicast, multihoming, …

Standard Middleware

CORBA,J2EE

Technical ChallengeTechnical Challenge

Mobile Middleware

wCORBA,J2MEInterworking

XML







• Final Message


NODES GroupNODES Group• Studies how systems can be

divided into independently working parallel parts, and how these parts communi-cate with each other

– Functionality in the basic components,

– the protocols between the parts,

– performance evaluation

RESEARCH AREAS (The NODES Group):Wireless InternetWireless Internet, Distributed Software Systems, Formal Methods for Protocol Development, Linux DevelopmentLinux Development

Motto:Any technology

distinguishable from magic is insufficiently advanced.

Gregory Benford

• 3 professors• 8 lectures• c. 25 researcher in projects

• c. 15 M.Sc students• c. 10 Ph.D. students

• c. 15 Ph.D. students in industry


Some NODES Research TopicsSome NODES Research Topics

• Wireless Internet– Communication over wireless (all protocol layers)

– Middleware for mobile computing

• Linux Developments– Timeliness and high availability in Linux

– Open Source Middleware for Linux OS

• Standardization– IETF, OMG, W3C


NODES Cotributions to Wireless NODES Cotributions to Wireless InternetInternet

• Improved Wireless Communication– TCP enhancements: RFCs, Internet draft and Linux kernel

– Localized RSVP for resource allocation in access network alone: Internet draft

– IP QoS in access networks using DiffServ

– Wireless CORBA: OMG standard

– Wireless JAVA RMI: standardization under discussion

– Efficient Agent communication: FIPA standard

– TCP-friendly Adaptive Link Layer protocol for satellite links: under construction in an ESA project

– SOAP over wireless links: under construction


Wireless Internet Project FamilyWireless Internet Project Family

Mowgli: 1994-1999

DOLMEN: 1995-1998

Monads 1998-2000

wCORBA 1998-2000

IWTCP 1999-2000

IIP Mobile 2001

IIP Wireless 2002

BRAIN2000-2001

MIND2001-2002

Fuego Core 2002-2004

TranSat2001-2003

http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/Kimmo.Raatikainen/#projects

MONTAGE 1998-2000

Crumpet 2000-2002

VAAWIT2001-2003

PRIME1998-2000

ANWIRE: 2002-2004

IIP Mixture 2003-2004







• Final Message


Project Objectives 2002-2004Project Objectives 2002-2004

• to specify the set of fundamental enabling middleware services for mobile applications on future mobile environments

• to implement two research prototypes and participate in relevant standardizing forums (W3C, IETF, OMG, OMA)

• Work areas: Adaptive Applications, Mobile Distributed Information Base, Reconfigurable Services, and Mobility, Multi-homing, and Cryptographic Host Identification

Host Identity ProtocolHost Identity Protocol

XML ProtocolXML Protocol

Distributed EventsDistributed Events

SynchronizationSynchronization PresencePresence


Fuego Server (MTS)Message Transport Service (MTS)

Client: Applications Server: Applications

Presence service

Event Service

Apache Axis

Mobile file system

Other services

Other services

Soap interop. layer Soap interop. layer

MTP (XML Protocol) MTP (XML Protocol)

SERVICES

Long lived TCP Socket / HTTP / ..

Host Identity Protocol

Architecture OverviewArchitecture Overview


Event-based Systems: Event-based Systems: Rendezvous-NotifyRendezvous-Notify

• Scalable distributed event framework for mobile computing based on a distributed data structure

• Constant or near constant cost in terms of messages for event channel subscription and management using linear hashing

• Support for disconnected operation and mobility. Efficient event session handover between event servers

• Cost model for accessing event servers and using sessions. Simulation and formal verification is used to validate the proposed approach


Synchronization: a mobile distributed Synchronization: a mobile distributed file systemfile system

• Disconnected operation• Designed for limited bandwidth and high latency• Simple HTTP PUT/GET-like synchronization protocol• Special support for XML files

– Optimized storage of XML

– Three-way merge for data,

automatic reconciliation

• Ad-hoc file sharing: any device may share files to any other device

• Implementation layers on top of

existing file system in an non-disruptive manner

Sync

protocol


XML ProtocolXML Protocol

• How can XML Protocol (SOAP) be used in wireless communication?

• Main problems with SOAP: XML verbose so bandwidth-heavy, HTTP and underlying TCP bad in high-latency networks

• Discard XML; compress messages suitably, either generically or XML-specifically (such as binary XML)

• Binary XML permits efficient parsing and generation

• Discard HTTP; replace with persistent connections and asynchronous one-way messaging?

• Negotiation of parameters only once;

• compact protocol headers

XML

Gzip

BXML

HTTP

Pers

Async Per-call time

Message size


• Electronic systems provide abundant and possibly sensitive information about users: location, activity, availability etc.

• Conflicting goals - privacy, usability and utility

• Presence information is a great advantage in collaboration tools– Embedding presence information in applications like email,

messaging and telephony

– Using a presence component for single-point management, privacy control, and transparency in distribution

• Middleware services to replace separate presence/IM clients

• Multiple standardization efforts on middleware and application level: XMPP, SIMPLE, WV, PAM, IMPP, LIF

Ubiquitous PresenceUbiquitous Presence


Host Identity PayloadHost Identity Payload

• A research protocol to provide multihoming, mobility and security in one architecture

• A new Host Identity layer between internetworking and transport layers

• Based on a new cryptographic address space where the Host Identities of the hosts (public keys) can be stored in DNS

• Authentication of hosts is achieved with "Base Exchange" to avoid DoS

• Four interoperable implementations: HIIT, Ericsson, Boeing and IndraNet

• Similar to MobileIP, SCTP and LIN6


See also student PostersSee also student Posters

Sasu Tarkoma – mobile distributed events

Tancred Lindholm – intelligent synchronization

Jaakko Kangasharju – SOAP over wireless links

Marko Saaresto – Ubiquitous presence


Final MessageFinal Message


Internet Reference StackInternet Reference Stack

IP controland

management:COPS, SNMP,

RSVP,ICMP

IP to link layer adaption

IP middleware:SIP, SLP, ...

IP transport:TCP, UDP, DCCP, SCTP, RTP

IP mechanisms:QoS, mobility, security

IP networking:IP, DNS, DHCP, ZeroConf, multicast, multihoming

IP messaging:SMTP, HTTP, BEEP, ...


Personalization AmbientAwareness

Adaptation

Ubiquity

Consistency

Self-Actualisation

Safety Belonging

ControlPrivacy

Human CapabilityAugmentation

Values

Capabilities

Framework ArchitectureFramework Architecture

Internet Protocols

Application Execution

FrameworkUI Support

Generic Service Elements

AppAppApp


LINUXwas invented

here

LINUXwas

inventedhere

We are commited to open source

Wireless Internet Research at UHelsinki and HIIT

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