CSC535 Adv. Networking Technologies

Ben, Ben, Craig, Holly, Josh

Wireless Home Automation

CSC535 Adv. Networking Technologies

Ben, Ben, Craig, Holly, Josh

Wireless Home Automation

Overview

Practical Application - WHAN

Climate Control

Security

Home Healthcare

Future

Standardization

Existing/Emerging

Security Concerns

Example Home System

Existing and Emerging Standards for WHANs

ZigBee

Z-Wave

INSTEON

Wavenis

IP-based Technology

Requirements for WHANs II

• Generally high node density• Walls, floors, and tables are reflective surfaces

creating a multipath environment• Interference in residential areas, esp. Industrial,

scientific, and medical (ISM)• Multi-hop communications are required for end-to-

end connectivity• Static, Mobile, and RF signal propagation require

self-healing• Apps should support various traffic patterns, P-P,

P-M, M-P

Requirements for WHANs I

• Nodes with low memory (kilobytes of RAM) = limited processing. Else power is drawn from batteries or power harvesting.

• Protection of security services for certain Apps• WHANs should offer Internet connectivity• WHAN should provide quick results

ZigBee

• Wireless Network Technology/Protocol Architecture, Publically Available but only with Membership

• Offers many-to-one routing and a central controller• Low-Data-Rate/Short-Range Apps• 4 Layers: PHY | MAC |NWK | APL• Two App Profiles: ZigBee Home Automation Public Application Profile:

Standards for areas of lighting, HVAC, window shades, and security• and the ZigBee Smart Energy Profile: Standards for areas of energy demand

response and load management applications

Z-Wave

Residential and light commercial environments, not publically available

Allows reliable transmission of short messages from a control unit to one or more nodes in the network

5 Layers: PHY | MAC | Transfer | Routing | App

Z-Wave defines two types of devices: controllers and slaves. Controllers poll or send commands to the slaves, which reply to the controllers or execute the commands.

INSTEON

• Dev. for Home Automation, not publically available• Mesh topology composed of RF and power line links• Devices are peers, they can play the role of sender,

receiver, or relayer• Allows retransmission of messages received, unless

they are the destination of the messages• Max hops for each message is 4 (~ Z-Wave)• Simultaneous transmission within range

Wavenis

• A wireless protocol stack, not publically available

• 3 Layers: Physical | Link | Network• Layers are accessed through the API• LLC uses per-frame or per-window AKCs• Defines only one type of device with a

four-level virtual hierarchical tree in the Network Layer

• MAC sub-layer offers synchronized and non-synchronized schemes

IP-based Technology I

There was concern about the suitability of the Internet architecture over sensor networks

IP is now promoted for sensor and actuator networks IPv6 is prepared for network auto-configuration,

statelessness, and large address spaces needed IETF and others are working toward a fully

standardized IP-based solutions for WHANs and will be ready in the near future

6LoWPAN: Fragmentation, Auto-configuration, header compression, & neighbor discovery

IP-based Technology I

“Being an Internet standard, 6LoWPAN is (and CoRE protocols will be) open and its implementation does not require a license, which means that it can reach a larger audience than competing technologies.”

Interest of 6LoWPAN and the future CoRE protocols will be the Smart Energy Version 2 (SE 2) effort, with end-to-end connectivity between energy providers and consumers

Practical Application

Climate Control Interior

SecurityMonitoringAccess ControlAlerts

Home HealthcareMonitoring HealthMonitoring Safety

WHAN – Climate Control

Monitoring and Maintaining EnvironmentTemperature SensorsHumidity LightingClimate ZoningPresence DetectionHVAC Control

WHAN - Security

MonitoringContact Sensors Smoke and CO2 DetectionVideo MonitoringBreak Sensors

Access ControlDoorsGarages

AlertVia EmailVia Phone / Smartphone

WHAN – Home Healthcare

Monitoring HealthBlood pressure Glucose InsulinThermometer

Monitoring SafetyFall SensorsCritical Health Event

Security Concerns

Accidents

Privacy

Supplementary Vector for Crime

Primary Vector for Crime

Accidents

Garage Doors

Lawn mowers

Greater exposure to RF radiation

Electrical Fires

Privacy

IPv6

ZigBee

Smart Grid

Bluetooth

Supplementary Vector for Crime

Bluetooth theft

Targeted crime

Anyone home?

False Security

Primary Vector for Crime

Typical Internet crime, but using weaknesses of the WHAN

“Accidents...”

Future of Venders WHAN

Mainly third party integration adaptersOEM’s start to adopt and embed ZigBee tech

Devices of the Future

Demo housesPeel and stick sensors

Possible Future Protocols

ZigBee IEEE 802.15.4Mesh basedWi-Fi

Example System

Simple Home Automation System

Client/Server Model Used

Very Limited Security

Simple Hardware Switches

Conclusion

Many benefits to Home Automation

Weaknesses that need to be addressed

Future Integration

References I

BlueBug. (n.d.). BlueBug. Retrieved November 2012, from Trifinite.org: http://trifinite.org/trifinite_stuff_bluebug.html

bluejackq. (n.d.). What is Bluejacking. Retrieved November 2012, from bluejackq: http://www.bluejackq.com/what-is-bluejacking.shtml

Bonanza. (n.d.). LawnBott Robotic Lawn Mower. Retrieved November 2012, from Bonanza: http://www.bonanza.com/listings/LawnBott-LB3210-Robotic-Lawn-Mower/25153715

Corporation, A. (n.d.). AlertMe. Retrieved November 2012, from AlertMe: https://www.alertme.com/

Digi. (n.d.). Wirelessly Network Home Health Care Monitoring Devices. Retrieved November 2012, from Digi.com: Wirelessly Network Home Health Care Monitoring Devices

Living Tomorrow. (n.d.). Living Tomorrow 'House and Office of the Future'. Retrieved November 2012, from Phi-Ton.com: www.phi-ton.com/china/?page=exhibitions

News, C. E. (n.d.). Phone Pirates in Seek and Steal Mission. Retrieved November 2012, from Web.Arhive.org: http://web.archive.org/web/20070926212212/http://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/news/region_wide/2005/08/17/06967453-8002-45f8-b520-66b9bed6f29f.lpf

News, C. (n.d.). Smart Meter Fires Spark Concerns in B.C. Retrieved November 2012, from CBC.CA: http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/story/2012/08/06/bc-smart-meter-fires.html

References II

Press, T. C. (n.d.). BC Hydro Offers Free Fix if Meter Installers Find Hazard. Retrieved November 2012, from CBC.CA: http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/story/2012/08/09/bc-hydro-smart-meter-fix.html

Tofel, K. C. (n.d.). Say Hellow to the Next Home Automation Standard: Wi-Fi. Retrieved November 2012, from Gigaom.com: http://gigaom.com/mobile/say-hello-to-the-next-home-automation-standard-wi-fi/

TRAC. (n.d.). Zigbee Healthcare. Retrieved November 2012, from TRAC: http://www.tracglobal.com/content/zigbee-healthcare-0

Unknown. (n.d.). What Sensor to Choose to Track Human Presense Indoors? Retrieved November 2012, from StackExchange: http://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/34774/what-sensor-to-choose-to-track-human-presence-indoors

Wool, Y. S. Cracking the Bluetooth PIN.

ZigBee. (n.d.). ZigBee Enabled Smart Buildings of the Future Today. Retrieved November 2012, from ZigBee.org: http://docs.zigbee.org/zigbee-docs/dcn/07-5036.pdf